Android OkHttp库简单使用和封装教程助你快速掌握网络请求技能
作者：Android技术栈
OkHttp是一个高效的HTTP客户端库，适用于Android和Java应用程序。它支持HTTP/2和SPDY协议，提供了同步和异步请求API、请求和响应拦截器、连接池和多路复用器、缓存支持、GZIP和DEFLATE压缩等功能，可以大大提高网络请求的性能和可扩展性
OkHttp的封装
由于是封装我们可以吧OKHttp和Gson给结合起来，那么我们在gradle文件添加以下的依赖
compile "com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.4.0"
compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:1.5.0'
compile "com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.0"
①CallBack的创建
首选我们知道，当接口请求成功或者失败的时候我们需要将这个信息通知给用户，那么我们就需要创建一个抽象类RequestCallBack，请求前、成功、失败、请求后这几个方法，创建OnBefore（）、OnAfter（）、OnError（）、OnResponse（）对应
/**
* 在请求之前的方法，一般用于加载框展示
*
* @param request
*/
public void onBefore(Request request) {
}
/**
* 在请求之后的方法，一般用于加载框隐藏
*/
public void onAfter() {
}
/**
* 请求失败的时候
*
* @param request
* @param e
*/
public abstract void onError(Request request, Exception e);
/**
*
* @param response
*/
public abstract void onResponse(T response);
由于我们每次想要的数据不一定，所以这里我们用<T>来接收想要装成的数据格式，并通过反射得到想要的数据类型（一般是Bean、List）之类 ，所以RequestCallBack的整体代码如下：
package com.qianmo.httprequest.http;
import com.google.gson.internal.$Gson$Types;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
/**
* Created by wangjitao on 15/10/16.
* 抽象类，用于请求成功后的回调
*/
public abstract class ResultCallback<T> {
//这是请求数据的返回类型，包含常见的（Bean，List等）
Type mType;
public ResultCallback() {
mType = getSuperclassTypeParameter(getClass());
}
/**
* 通过反射想要的返回类型
*
* @param subclass
* @return
*/
static Type getSuperclassTypeParameter(Class<?> subclass) {
Type superclass = subclass.getGenericSuperclass();
if (superclass instanceof Class) {
throw new RuntimeException("Missing type parameter.");
}
ParameterizedType parameterized = (ParameterizedType) superclass;
return $Gson$Types.canonicalize(parameterized.getActualTypeArguments()[0]);
}
/**
* 在请求之前的方法，一般用于加载框展示
*
* @param request
*/
public void onBefore(Request request) {
}
/**
* 在请求之后的方法，一般用于加载框隐藏
*/
public void onAfter() {
}
/**
* 请求失败的时候
*
* @param request
* @param e
*/
public abstract void onError(Request request, Exception e);
/**
*
* @param response
*/
public abstract void onResponse(T response);
}
②对Get、Post方法的简单封装
首先我们创建一个OkHttpClientManager类，由于是管理类，所以，单例加静态对象搞起
private static OkHttpClientManager mInstance;
public static OkHttpClientManager getInstance() {
if (mInstance == null){
synchronized (OkHttpClientManager.class) {
if (mInstance == null) {
mInstance = new OkHttpClientManager();
}
}
}
return mInstance;
}
在创建Manager对象的时候我们要把OkHttp的一些参数配置一下，顺便一提一下，由于我们我们异步get、post方法是运行在子线程中，所以这里我们添加了分发的Handler mDelivery;，重写的OkHttpClientManager构造方法如下：
private OkHttpClientManager() {
mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
mOkHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
mOkHttpClient.setWriteTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
mOkHttpClient.setReadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//cookie enabled
mOkHttpClient.setCookieHandler(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER));
mDelivery = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
mGson = new Gson();
}
前面的外部调用对象封装好了，这里我们开始来封装Get或Post方法，我这里以Post方法为例子，首先分析一下，post方法会有几个参数，参数一url，参数二参数params，参数三Callback（及我们上面的RequestCallBack）参数四flag（用于取消请求操作，可为空），基础代码如下：
/**
* 通用基础的异步的post请求
* @param url
* @param callback
* @param tag
*/
public void postAsyn(String url, Param[] params, final ResultCallback callback, Object tag) {
Request request = buildPostFormRequest(url, params, tag);
deliveryResult(callback, request);
}
那么我们再看一下deliveryResult方法到底是干什么的
/**
* 请求回调处理方法并传递返回值
* @param callback Map类型请求参数
* @param request Request请求
*/
private void deliveryResult(ResultCallback callback, Request request) {
if (callback == null)
callback = DEFAULT_RESULT_CALLBACK;
final ResultCallback resCallBack = callback;
//UI thread
callback.onBefore(request);
mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(final Request request, final IOException e) {
sendFailedStringCallback(request, e, resCallBack);
}
@Override
public void onResponse(final Response response) {
try {
final String responseMessage=response.message();
final String responseBody = response.body().string();
if(response.code()==200){
if (resCallBack.mType == String.class) {
sendSuccessResultCallback(responseBody, resCallBack);
} else {
Object o = mGson.fromJson(responseBody, resCallBack.mType);
sendSuccessResultCallback(o, resCallBack);
}
}else{
Exception exception=new Exception(response.code()+":"+responseMessage);
sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), exception, resCallBack);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
} catch (com.google.gson.JsonParseException e) {//Json解析的错误
sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
}
}
});
}
可以看到，这个方法主要是发出请求并对请求后的数据开始回调，这样我们就基本上封装好了一个post方法了 ，把代码这一部分的代码贴出来看看
public class OkHttpClientManager {
private static final String TAG = "com.qianmo.httprequest.http.OkHttpClientManager";
private static OkHttpClientManager mInstance;
//默认的请求回调类
private final ResultCallback<String> DEFAULT_RESULT_CALLBACK = new ResultCallback<String>(){
@Override
public void onError(Request request, Exception e) {}
@Override
public void onResponse(String response) {}
};
private OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient;
private Handler mDelivery;
private Gson mGson;
private GetDelegate mGetDelegate = new GetDelegate();
private PostDelegate mPostDelegate = new PostDelegate();
private DownloadDelegate mDownloadDelegate = new DownloadDelegate();
private OkHttpClientManager() {
mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
mOkHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
mOkHttpClient.setWriteTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
mOkHttpClient.setReadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//cookie enabled
mOkHttpClient.setCookieHandler(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER));
mDelivery = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
mGson = new Gson();
}
public static OkHttpClientManager getInstance() {
if (mInstance == null){
synchronized (OkHttpClientManager.class) {
if (mInstance == null) {
mInstance = new OkHttpClientManager();
}
}
}
return mInstance;
}
/**
* 外部可调用的Post异步请求方法
* @param url 请求url
* @param params
* @param callback 请求完成后回调类
*/
public static void postAsyn(String url, Map<String, String> params, final ResultCallback callback) {
getInstance().getPostDelegate().postAsyn(url, params, callback, null);
}
/**
* 异步的post请求
* @param url
* @param params
* @param callback
* @param tag
*/
public void postAsyn(String url, Map<String, String> params, final ResultCallback callback, Object tag) {
Param[] paramsArr = map2Params(params);
postAsyn(url, paramsArr, callback, tag);
}
/**
* 通用基础的异步的post请求
* @param url
* @param callback
* @param tag
*/
public void postAsyn(String url, Param[] params, final ResultCallback callback, Object tag) {
Request request = buildPostFormRequest(url, params, tag);
deliveryResult(callback, request);
}
/**
* 请求回调处理方法并传递返回值
* @param callback Map类型请求参数
* @param request Request请求
*/
private void deliveryResult(ResultCallback callback, Request request) {
if (callback == null)
callback = DEFAULT_RESULT_CALLBACK;
final ResultCallback resCallBack = callback;
//UI thread
callback.onBefore(request);
mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(final Request request, final IOException e) {
sendFailedStringCallback(request, e, resCallBack);
}
@Override
public void onResponse(final Response response) {
try {
final String responseMessage=response.message();
final String responseBody = response.body().string();
if(response.code()==200){
if (resCallBack.mType == String.class) {
sendSuccessResultCallback(responseBody, resCallBack);
} else {
Object o = mGson.fromJson(responseBody, resCallBack.mType);
sendSuccessResultCallback(o, resCallBack);
}
}else{
Exception exception=new Exception(response.code()+":"+responseMessage);
sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), exception, resCallBack);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
} catch (com.google.gson.JsonParseException e) {//Json解析的错误
sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
}
}
});
}
/**
* 处理请求成功的回调信息方法
* @param object 服务器响应信息
* @param callback 回调类
*/
private void sendSuccessResultCallback(final Object object, final ResultCallback callback) {
mDelivery.post(() -> {
callback.onResponse(object);
callback.onAfter();
});
}
}
这样我们就把Post方法封装好了，同理Get方法，ok，现在我们可以来调用调用了，在调用之前我们可以对返回数据格式再来封装封装，一般我们后台返回的数据格式是类似如下：
{
"code": 200,
"data": {},
"message": "登录成功"
}而data中有可能是对象，也有可能是数组，所以我们用两个类来实现一下
package com.qianmo.httprequest.bean;
/**
* 服务端返回通用接收实体
* Created by wangjitao on 15/10/30.
*/
public class CommonResultBean<T> {
private String code;
private T data;
private String message;
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public T getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(T data) {
this.data = data;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
CommonResultListBean
package com.qianmo.httprequest.bean;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 服务端返回带有List数据的通用接收实体
* Created by wangjitao on 15/12/1.
*/
public class CommonResultListBean<T> {
private String code;
private List<T> data;
private String message;
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public List<T> getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(List<T> data) {
this.data = data;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
ok，现在还是以上面我们登录的接口为例子开始我们的方法调用，返回的数据格式如图所示
我们创建UserMenu.java类
package com.qianmo.httprequest.bean;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by wangjitao on 2016/12/21 0021.
* E-Mail：543441727@qq.com
* 用户菜单权限按钮
*/
public class UserMenu {
/**
* last_login_time : 2016-12-21 15:40:28
* member_id : 1
* modules : []
* phone : 18900532225
* real_name : 超级管理员
* role : {"role_id":1,"role_name":"超级管理员"}
* username : superadmin
*/
private String last_login_time;
private int member_id;
private String phone;
private String real_name;
/**
* role_id : 1
* role_name : 超级管理员
*/
private RoleBean role;
private String username;
/**
* module_code : 100
* module_id : 1
* module_name : 首页
* pid : 0
* type : 1
* value : P_index
*/
private List<ModulesBean> modules;
public String getLast_login_time() {
return last_login_time;
}
public void setLast_login_time(String last_login_time) {
this.last_login_time = last_login_time;
}
public int getMember_id() {
return member_id;
}
public void setMember_id(int member_id) {
this.member_id = member_id;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
public String getReal_name() {
return real_name;
}
public void setReal_name(String real_name) {
this.real_name = real_name;
}
public RoleBean getRole() {
return role;
}
public void setRole(RoleBean role) {
this.role = role;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public List<ModulesBean> getModules() {
return modules;
}
public void setModules(List<ModulesBean> modules) {
this.modules = modules;
}
public static class RoleBean {
private int role_id;
private String role_name;
public int getRole_id() {
return role_id;
}
public void setRole_id(int role_id) {
this.role_id = role_id;
}
public String getRole_name() {
return role_name;
}
public void setRole_name(String role_name) {
this.role_name = role_name;
}
}
public static class ModulesBean {
private String module_code;
private int module_id;
private String module_name;
private int pid;
private int type;
private String value;
public String getModule_code() {
return module_code;
}
public void setModule_code(String module_code) {
this.module_code = module_code;
}
public int getModule_id() {
return module_id;
}
public void setModule_id(int module_id) {
this.module_id = module_id;
}
public String getModule_name() {
return module_name;
}
public void setModule_name(String module_name) {
this.module_name = module_name;
}
public int getPid() {
return pid;
}
public void setPid(int pid) {
this.pid = pid;
}
public int getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(int type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
}
}
所以MainActivity代码如下：
package com.qianmo.httprequest;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.bean.CommonResultBean;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.bean.UserMenu;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.IRequestCallBack;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.IRequestManager;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.OkHttpClientManager;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.RequestFactory;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.ResultCallback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Call;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.FormEncodingBuilder;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.squareup.okhttp.RequestBody;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Response;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnClickListener {
private Handler handler;
private TextView tv_message;
private Button btn_login;
private ProgressBar progressBar;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
tv_message = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_message);
btn_login = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_login);
progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
handler = new Handler();
btn_login.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
String url = "http://192.168.1.123:8081/api/login";
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap();
params.put("username", "superadmin");
params.put("pwd", "ba3253876aed6bc22d4a6ff53d8406c6ad864195ed144ab5c87621b6c233b548baeae6956df346ec8c17f5ea10f35ee3cbc514797ed7ddd3145464e2a0bab413");
OkHttpClientManager.postAsyn(url, params,
new ResultCallback<CommonResultBean<UserMenu>>() {
@Override
public void onError(Request request, Exception e) {
}
@Override
public void onResponse(CommonResultBean<UserMenu> response) {
if (response.getData() != null) {
UserMenu userMenu = response.getData();
tv_message.setText(userMenu.getReal_name());
progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
}
});
}
}
这样我们就可以简单的调用了，最后看一下我们的效果：
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