C++实现停车场管理系统的示例代码

#pragma once // 防止头文件被重复调用
#include<string>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;

class Car {
private:
	string carNum; // 汽车编号
	string carType; // 汽车型号
	string color; // 汽车颜色
	time_t inTime; // 汽车停车时间点
public:
	void addCar();  // 下面四行对应增删改查
	void delCar();
	void modCar();
	void findCar();
	void timeAmount(); // 计算停车时长并统计汽车总数
	void showInfor(); // 显示车辆信息(读文件)
	void saveInfor(); // 保存车辆信息(写文件)		
};

#include"car.h"
#include<fstream> // 读写操作
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip> // IO流控制头文件，类似C里的格式化输出
using namespace std;

void Car::addCar() {
	time_t _time; // 定义时间变量，秒数，调用time()获取
	while (1) {
	AA:		cout << "请输入车牌号：";
		cin >> carNum;
		// 判断文件中是否已存在相同车牌号
		ifstream ifs("carData.txt", ios::in); // 读文件
		if (ifs) {
			char buf[1024];
			string strs[20];
			int index = 0; // 标识数组索引
			while (!ifs.eof()) { // 读取文件直到末尾
				ifs.getline(buf, 100); // 每次读取一行数据，放入buf数组 注：第二个参数为字符数，缓冲区尽量大，否则循环会异常结束
				strs[index++] = buf[0]; // buf[0]为车牌号，存入strs数组，索引自增
			}
			// 遍历strs数组,auto 自动推导数据类型，这里等价于 string
			for (auto& num : strs) {
				// 判断输入车牌号是否与文件里重复
				if (num == carNum) {
					cout << "车牌号重复！" << endl;
					goto AA; // 重复后重新输入车牌号
				}
			}
		}
		// 车牌号不重复继续加下来的输入
		cout << "请输入车的种类：";
		cin >> carType;
		cout << "请出入车的颜色：";
		cin >> color;
		inTime = time(&_time); // 记录停车时间
		// 保存新增车辆信息
		saveInfor();
		char ch; 
		cout << "\t是否继续？(y/n)"; // 判断是否继续输入，\t 制表符，通常八个空格
		cin >> ch;
		if (ch == 'n' || ch == 'N') {
			break;
		}
	}
}
void Car::delCar() {
	// 读文件
	ifstream carData("carData.txt", ios::in); 
	// 创建文件写入流，缓冲文件
	ofstream outData("tempCarData.txt", ios::out);
	if (!outData || !carData) {
		cout << "文件打开失败！" << endl;
		return;
	}
	string carId, name, str;
	bool flag = true;
	cout << "请输入要删除的车牌号：";
	cin >> carId;
	// 读取文件第一个字段（车牌号） >> 遇空格结束读取
	while (carData >> name) {
		getline(carData,str); // 将该行数据读取到 str
		// 如果相同，输出要删除的车辆信息：颜色，型号，停车时间
		if (name == carId) {
			cout << "要删除的车辆信息：" << endl << str << endl;
			flag = false;
			break;
		}
		// 如果不相同，将车辆信息写入到temp，否则舍弃该行
		outData << name << " " << str << endl;
	}
	if (flag) cout << "该车牌号不存在" << endl;
	else {
		while (getline(carData, str)) { // 继续按行读取，此时第一行
			outData << str << endl; // 写入到temp
		}
		carData.close();
		outData.close();
		// 读取 temp，写入 carData
		ifstream in("tempCarData.txt", ios::in);
		ofstream out("carData.txt", ios::out);
		if (!in || !out) {
			cout << "文件读取失败！" << endl;
			return;
		}
		else {
			while (getline(in, str)) { // 按行读取，写入
				out << str << endl;
			}
		}
		in.close();
		out.close();
	}
}
void Car::modCar() {
	string chepai1, chepai2, str;
	time_t  time1;
	int i = 1;
	cout << "请输入你要修改的车辆的车牌号" << endl;
	cin >> chepai1;
	ifstream indata("carData.txt", ios::in);
	ofstream outdata("tempCarData.txt", ios::out);
	if (!indata || !outdata)
	{
		cerr << "文件打开错误" << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	while (indata >> chepai2)
	{
		indata >> carType >> color >> inTime; // 读取该行剩余元素
		if (chepai1 == chepai2)
		{
			i = 0;
			cout << "已找到所要修改的车辆" << endl;
			cout << "修改后的车牌号" << endl;
			cin >> carNum;
			cout << "修改后的车辆型号" << endl;
			cin >> carType;
			cout << "修改后的车辆颜色" << endl;
			cin >> color;
			inTime = time(&time1);
			// 写入carData.txt
			outdata << carNum << " " << carType << "  " << color << "  " << inTime << endl;
			break;
		}
		// 车牌号不同，将车辆信息存到temp
		outdata << chepai2 << " " << carType << "  " << color << "  " << inTime << endl;
	}
	if (i) { 
		cout << "停车场中没有找到要修改的车辆" << endl; 
	}
	outdata.close();
	indata.close();
	ifstream in("tempCarData.txt", ios::in);
	ofstream out("carData.txt", ios::out);
	if (!in || !out)
	{
		cout << "文件打开错误" << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	while (getline(in, str))
	{
		out << str << endl;
	}
	in.close();
	out.close();
}
void Car::findCar() {
	ifstream carData("carData.txt", ios::in);
	if (!carData)
	{
		cout << "文件打开失败" << endl;
		return;
	}
	else {
		string carId;
		time_t _time, t1;
		bool flag = true;
		cout << "请输入要查找的车牌号" << endl;
		cin >> carId;
		while (carData >> carNum) // 读取车牌号
		{
			carData >> carType >> color >> inTime;
			t1 = time(&_time); // 获取系统当前时间
			if (carId == carNum)
			{
				flag = false;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (flag) {
			cout << "未找到该车辆信息!" << endl;
		}
		else {
			cout << "车牌号" << carNum <<" "<<"车的型号：" << carType <<" " <<
			" 车的颜色：" << color << " "<<"停车时长：" << (t1 - inTime) << "秒" 
				<<" "<< "停车费 " << (t1 - inTime) * 0.05 << "元" << endl;
		}
		carData.close();
	}
}
void Car::timeAmount() {
	time_t it, time1;
	int c1 = 0, c2 = 0;
	ifstream indata("carData.txt", ios::in);
	if (!indata)
	{
		cerr << "文件打开失败" << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	while (indata >> carNum)
	{
		indata >> carType >> color >> inTime;
		it = time(&time1);
		if ((it - inTime) / (60 * 60 * 24) >= 24)
		{
			c1++;
		}
		else c2++;
	}
	cout << "车辆总数是：" << c1 + c2 << endl;
	cout << "其中停放超过24小时的有" << c1 << "辆" << endl;
	cout << "其中停放不超过24小时的有" << c2 << "辆" << endl;
	indata.close();
}
void Car::showInfor() {
	int i = 1;
	string chepai;
	time_t it, time1;
	ifstream indata("carData.txt", ios::in);
	if (!indata)
	{
		cerr << "文件打开错误" << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	cout << "停车场中所有汽车信息如下所示：" << endl;
	cout << "-----------------------------" << endl;
	while (indata >> chepai)
	{
		indata >> carType >> color >> inTime;
		it = time(&time1);
		cout << "第" << i << "辆车信息如下" << endl;
		cout << "车牌号" << chepai << "  车的型号：" << carType << "  车的颜色：" << color 
			<< "  停车时间" << (it - inTime) << "秒" << 
			"  停车费 " << (it - inTime) * 0.05 << "元" << endl;
		i++;
	}
	indata.close();
}
void Car::saveInfor() {
	ofstream outData("carData.txt", ios::app); // app 追加方式写文件，即在文件末尾添加
	if (!outData) {
		cout << "文件打开失败！" << endl;
		return;
	}
	else {
		// 将新增车辆信息写入carData
		outData << carNum << " " << carType << " " << color << " " << inTime << endl;
	}
	outData.close();
}

#pragma once
#include<string>
using namespace std;

// 普通用户类，只能查看、统计、显示车辆，无法实现增删改
class User {
public:
	void checkCar(); // 普通用户登录菜单
};

#include<iostream>
#include<Windows.h>
#include"user.h"
#include"car.h"
using namespace std;
void User::checkCar() {
	Car car;
	while (1) {
		system("cls"); // 清空屏幕
		cout << "1.显示车辆状况" << endl;
		cout << "2.查询车辆信息" << endl;
		cout << "3.统计车辆" << endl;
		cout << "4.退出普通用户" << endl;
		
		int c;
		cout << "输入要执行的操作：";
		cin >> c;
		switch (c) {
			case 1: car.showInfor(); break;
			case 2: car.findCar(); break;
			case 3: car.timeAmount(); break;
			case 4: return;
			default: cout << "请输入正确的操作" << endl;
		}
		system("pause");
	}
}

#pragma once // 避免同一个头文件被包含多次
#include<string>
#include"user.h"
using namespace std;

// 管理员类，公有继承普通用户类，可以添加，修改，删除

class Admin:public User {
public:
	void Manager(); // 显示管理员登录的菜单
};

#include"admin.h"
#include"car.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

void Admin::Manager() {
	Car car;
	while (1) {
		system("cls"); // 清空屏幕
		cout << "1.增加车辆" << endl;
		cout << "2.显示所有车辆信息" << endl;
		cout << "3.查询" << endl;
		cout << "4.修改" << endl;
		cout << "5.删除" << endl;
		cout << "6.统计" << endl;
		cout << "7.退出管理用户" << endl;
		int choice;
		cout << "请输入要执行的操作：";
		cin >> choice;
		switch (choice) {
			case 1: car.addCar(); break;
			case 2: car.showInfor(); break;
			case 3: car.findCar(); break;
			case 4: car.modCar(); break;
			case 5: car.delCar(); break;
			case 6: car.timeAmount(); break;
			case 7: return;
			default: cout << "输入错误！" << endl; 
		}
		system("pause");
	}
}

#include"user.h"
#include"admin.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
	User user; // 普通用户对象
	Admin admin; // 管理员对象
	int choice;
	while (1) {
		system("cls");
		cout << "1.普通用户登录" << endl;
		cout << "2.管理员登录" << endl;
		cout << "3.退出系统" << endl;
		cout << "请输入要执行的操作：" << endl;
		cin >> choice;
		switch (choice) {
			case 1: user.checkCar(); break;
			case 2: admin.Manager(); break;
			case 3: exit(0); // 退出系统
			default: cout << "请输入正确的操作" << endl;
		}
		system("pause");
	}
	return 0;
}