Kotlin Navigation可视化开发详解
作者:小尹编码中...
前言
其实小编之前一直都是用的Java来开发Android,但是工作需求,开始了Kotlin的编程,接触到了JetPack,发现其中的Navigation特别有意思,今天来给大家分享一下,我们做一个四个页面吧,从APP的 欢迎页面——>新手引导页面——>注册登录页面——>APP主页面,我来带大家入门,希望大家不要嫌弃
Navigation的优势
站在Fragment角度:不用把Fragment添加到集合里面去操作了,也不用去操作SupportFragmentManager了
站在Activity角度:可以减少大量的Activity,增加Fragment的使用,毕竟Fragment有更加详细的生命周期,更好的传递信息
站在开发者角度:Navigation的可视化导航图非常优美,导航路径清晰可见,让开发人员更方便的开发
Navigation开发流程
一.注入依赖
// Kotlin Navigation implementation("androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment-ktx:2.5.1") implementation("androidx.navigation:navigation-ui-ktx:2.5.1")
二.创建Fragment和XML视图
在app/java/com.example.项目名目录下先创建一个Fragment文件夹,在文件夹中创建4个Fragment,分别为 WelcomeFragment(欢迎页面),NoviceGuidePageFragment(新手引导页面),RegistrationLandingPageFragment(注册登录页面),MainFragment(APP主页面),具体如下图所示:
在app/res/layout文件夹下创建4个XML,分别为fragment_welcome.xml,fragment_novice_guide_page.xml,fragment_registration_landing_page.xml,fragment_main.xml,具体如下图所示:
WelcomeFragment.kt:
package com.example.siyi2.fragment import android.os.Bundle import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.view.ViewGroup import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment import com.example.siyi2.R class WelcomeFragment : Fragment() { override fun onCreateView( inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle? ): View? { val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_welcome, container, false) return view } }
fragment_welcome.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TextView android:id="@+id/to_fragment_novice_guide" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:text="欢迎页面" android:textSize="30dp" android:textColor="@color/black" android:gravity="center"/> </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
NoviceGuidePageFragment.kt:
package com.example.siyi2.fragment import android.os.Bundle import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.view.ViewGroup import android.widget.TextView import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment import androidx.navigation.Navigation import com.example.siyi2.R class NoviceGuidePageFragment : Fragment() { override fun onCreateView( inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle? ): View? { val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_novice_guide_page, container, false) return view } }
fragment_novice_guide_page.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TextView android:id="@+id/to_fragment_registration_landing_page" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:text="新手引导页面" android:textSize="30dp" android:textColor="#F18C8C" android:gravity="center"/> </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
RegistrationLandingPageFragment.kt:
package com.example.siyi2.fragment import android.os.Bundle import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.view.ViewGroup import android.widget.TextView import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment import androidx.navigation.Navigation import com.example.siyi2.R class RegistrationLandingPageFragment :Fragment(){ override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle? ): View? { val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_registration_landing_page,container,false) return view } }
fragment_registration_landing_page.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TextView android:id="@+id/to_fragment_main" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:text="登录注册页面" android:textSize="30dp" android:textColor="#DC0404" android:gravity="center"/> </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
MainFragment.kt:
package com.example.siyi2.fragment import android.os.Bundle import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.view.ViewGroup import android.widget.TextView import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment import androidx.navigation.Navigation import com.example.siyi2.R class MainFragment :Fragment(){ override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle? ): View? { val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main,container,false) return view } }
fragment_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TextView android:id="@+id/main_fragment" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:text="APP主页面" android:textSize="30dp" android:textColor="@color/teal_200" android:gravity="center"/> </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
三.建立Navigation导航图并关联
1. 建立导航图
在app/res目录下新建一个文件夹取名navigation,在navigation文件夹下新建nav_graph.xml,如下图所示
提醒大家一下,我们开发过程中,大家的这个文件夹的名字和XML的名字大家尽量去一些见名知义的名字,方便开发人员和后续维护
nav_graph.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:id="@+id/nav_graph" app:startDestination="@id/fragment_welcome"> <fragment android:id="@+id/fragment_welcome" android:name="com.example.siyi2.fragment.WelcomeFragment" android:label="WelcomeFragment" > <action android:id="@+id/action_fragment_welcome_to_fragment_noviceGuide" app:destination="@id/fragment_noviceGuide" /> </fragment> <fragment android:id="@+id/fragment_noviceGuide" android:name="com.example.siyi2.fragment.NoviceGuidePageFragment" android:label="NoviceGuideFragment" > <action android:id="@+id/fragment_noviceGuide_to_fragment_registarationLandingpage" app:destination="@+id/fragment_registrationLandingPage" /> </fragment> <fragment android:id="@+id/fragment_registrationLandingPage" android:name="com.example.siyi2.fragment.RegistrationLandingPageFragment" android:label="RegistrationLandingPageFragment" > <action android:id="@+id/fragment_registrationLandingPage_to_fragment_main" app:destination="@+id/fragment_main" /> </fragment> <fragment android:id="@+id/fragment_main" android:name="com.example.siyi2.fragment.MainFragment" android:label="MainFragment" > </fragment> </navigation>
navigation是根标签,通过startDestinationlai配置默认启动时的第一个页面,小编这里配置的第一个fragment_welcome,我们也可以在代码中动态修改启动时的第一个Fragment,也可以在可视化面板中去修改
fragment标签就代表着这是一个Fragment
name指的是Fragment在项目中的路径
action标签定义了页面跳转的行为,也就是Navigation导航图的每一条线
destination定义跳转的Fragment目标,还可以加入跳转时的动画
Navigation首先要有起始页面,叫startDestination,处于栈底,是启动时的第一个页面,也是返回可见的最后一个页面。多个destination连接起来就构成了一个Navigation导航图,类似于一种栈结构,页面先进后出。destination之间的连接叫做action。
Navigation导航图如下图所示:
大家可以看到,这样的可视化页面流程导航图非常好看,对吧,这也是Google官方推荐大家使用的,便于开发和维护
2. 为Navigation导航绑定在Activity上
我们的navigation导航图也必须依赖于一个Activity上
MainActivity.kt:
package com.example.siyi2 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity import android.os.Bundle class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) } }
activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <fragment android:id="@+id/nav_host_fragment" app:defaultNavHost="true" app:navGraph="@navigation/nav_graph" android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /> </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
3. 为Navigation导航页面添加跳转事件
WelcomeFragment.kt:
package com.example.siyi2.fragment import android.os.Bundle import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.view.ViewGroup import android.widget.TextView import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment import androidx.navigation.Navigation import com.example.siyi2.R class WelcomeFragment : Fragment() { override fun onCreateView( inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle? ): View? { val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_welcome, container, false) view.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.to_fragment_novice_guide) .setOnClickListener { Navigation.findNavController(view) .navigate(R.id.action_fragment_welcome_to_fragment_noviceGuide) } return view } }
NoviceGuidePageFragment.kt:
package com.example.siyi2.fragment import android.os.Bundle import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.view.ViewGroup import android.widget.TextView import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment import androidx.navigation.Navigation import com.example.siyi2.R class NoviceGuidePageFragment : Fragment() { override fun onCreateView( inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle? ): View? { val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_novice_guide_page, container, false) view.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.to_fragment_registration_landing_page) .setOnClickListener { Navigation.findNavController(view) .navigate(R.id.fragment_noviceGuide_to_fragment_registarationLandingpage) } return view } }
RegistrationLandingPageFragment.kt:
package com.example.siyi2.fragment import android.os.Bundle import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.view.ViewGroup import android.widget.TextView import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment import androidx.navigation.Navigation import com.example.siyi2.R class RegistrationLandingPageFragment :Fragment(){ override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle? ): View? { val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_registration_landing_page,container,false) view.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.to_fragment_main) .setOnClickListener { Navigation.findNavController(view) .navigate(R.id.fragment_registrationLandingPage_to_fragment_main) } return view } }
MainFragment.kt:
package com.example.siyi2.fragment import android.os.Bundle import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.view.ViewGroup import android.widget.TextView import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment import androidx.navigation.Navigation import com.example.siyi2.R class MainFragment :Fragment(){ override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle? ): View? { val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main,container,false) return view } }
到此为止,我们就万事俱备,只欠东风了,直接运行,上效果图
四.Navigation效果演示
Navigation开发
到此这篇关于Kotlin Navigation可视化开发详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Kotlin Navigation 内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!