Python使用Crypto库实现加密解密的示例详解
作者：huaweichenai
这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了Python如何使用Crypto库实现加密解密的功能，文中的示例代码讲解详细，对我们学习Python有一定的帮助，需要的可以参考一下
一：crypto库安装
pycrypto，pycryptodome是crypto第三方库，pycrypto已经停止更新三年了，所以不建议安装这个库；pycryptodome是pycrypto的延伸版本，用法和pycrypto 是一模一样的；所以只需要安装pycryptodome就可以了
pip install pycryptodome
二：python使用crypto
1：crypto的加密解密组件des.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from Crypto.Cipher import DES
from binascii import b2a_hex, a2b_hex
class MyDESCrypt: #自己实现的DES加密类
def __init__(self, key = ''):
#密钥长度必须为64位，也就是8个字节
if key is not '':
self.key = key.encode('utf-8')
else:
self.key = '12345678'.encode('utf-8')
self.mode = DES.MODE_CBC
# 加密函数，如果text不足16位就用空格补足为16位，
# 如果大于16当时不是16的倍数，那就补足为16的倍数。
def encrypt(self,text):
try:
text = text.encode('utf-8')
cryptor = DES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key)
# 这里密钥key 长度必须为16（DES-128）,
# 24（DES-192）,或者32 （DES-256）Bytes 长度
# 目前DES-128 足够目前使用
length = 16 #lenth可以设置为8的倍数
count = len(text)
if count < length:
add = (length - count)
# \0 backspace
# text = text + ('\0' * add)
text = text + ('\0' * add).encode('utf-8')
elif count > length:
add = (length - (count % length))
# text = text + ('\0' * add)
text = text + ('\0' * add).encode('utf-8')
self.ciphertext = cryptor.encrypt(text)
# 因为DES加密时候得到的字符串不一定是ascii字符集的，输出到终端或者保存时候可能存在问题
# 所以这里统一把加密后的字符串转化为16进制字符串
return b2a_hex(self.ciphertext)
except:
return ""
# 解密后，去掉补足的空格用strip() 去掉
def decrypt(self, text):
try:
cryptor = DES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key)
plain_text = cryptor.decrypt(a2b_hex(text))
# return plain_text.rstrip('\0')
return bytes.decode(plain_text).rstrip('\0')
except:
return ""
2：crypto组件使用
from . import des msg = "password is 961223" key = "12345678" #key值可传可不传 des1 = des.MyDESCrypt() #加密 cipherTxt = des1.encrypt(msg) #返回值为bytes型 print(cipherTxt) #解密 decTxt = des1.decrypt(cipherTxt); #返回值为str型 print(decTxt)
知识补充
下面是小编为大家整理的一些Python利用pycrypto进行加密解密的示例，希望对大家有所帮助
AES-ECB加解密
下面是采用 ECB并以pkcs7填充的加密与解密方法
import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad, unpad
def aes_encrypt(secret_key, data):
"""加密数据
:param secret_key: 加密秘钥
:param data: 需要加密数据
"""
data = bytes(data, encoding="utf-8")
# 填充数据采用pkcs7
data = pad(data, block_size=16, style="pkcs7")
# 创建加密器
cipher = AES.new(key=secret_key.encode("utf-8"), mode=AES.MODE_ECB)
# 对数据进行加密
encrypted_data = cipher.encrypt(data)
# 对数据进行base64编码
encrypted_data = base64.b64encode(encrypted_data)
return encrypted_data.decode()
def aes_decrypt(secret_key, data):
"""解密数据
"""
data = base64.b64decode(data)
cipher = AES.new(key=secret_key.encode("utf-8"), mode=AES.MODE_ECB)
decrypt_data = cipher.decrypt(data)
decrypt_data = unpad(decrypt_data, 16, style="pkcs7")
return decrypt_data.decode("utf-8")
if __name__ == '__main__':
key = "22a1d4c4263e83d7f8c33a321eb19ae7"
data = "asdASD73j8H9k6C1asvhBOK0PXOzJM7dsqXysssW"
print("原始数据：%s" % data)
r = aes_encrypt(key, data)
print("加密数据：%s" % r)
r = aes_decrypt("22a1d4c4263e83d7f8c33a321eb19ae7", r)
print("解密数据：%s" % r)执行结果如下
AES-GCM加解密
import base64
import random
import string
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
def encrypt_aes_gcm(key, data, associated_data=None, nonce=None):
"""
AES-GCM加密
:param key: 密钥。16, 24 or 32字符长度的字符串
:param data: 待加密字符串
:param associated_data: 附加数据，一般为None
:param nonce: 随机值，和MD5的“加盐”有些类似，目的是防止同样的明文块，始终加密成同样的密文块
:return:
"""
key = key.encode('utf-8')
data = data.encode('utf-8')
# 假如先后端约定随机值为16位长度的字符串
nonce = nonce or "1234567812345678"
nonce = nonce.encode("utf-8")
# 生成加密器
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_GCM, nonce=nonce)
if associated_data is not None:
cipher.update(associated_data.encode())
# 加密数据
cipher_data, auth_tag = cipher.encrypt_and_digest(data)
# 拼接数据
join_data = nonce + cipher_data + auth_tag # 拼接数据为：前16位为nonce，后16位为验签值
# 返回base64编码数据
return base64.b64encode(join_data).decode('utf-8')
def decrypt_aes_gcm(key, cipher_data, associated_data=None):
"""
AES-GCM解密
:param cipher_data: encrypt_aes_gcm 方法返回的数据
:return:
"""
key = key.encode('utf-8')
# 进行base64解码
debase64_cipher_data = base64.b64decode(cipher_data)
# 分割数据
nonce = debase64_cipher_data[:16]
cipher_data = debase64_cipher_data[16:-16]
auth_tag = debase64_cipher_data[-16:]
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_GCM, nonce=nonce)
if associated_data is not None:
cipher.update(associated_data.encode())
# 解密数据
plaintext = cipher.decrypt_and_verify(cipher_data, auth_tag)
return plaintext.decode()
if __name__ == '__main__':
aes_key = 'DnKRYZbvVzdhPlF10rtcxmi5Cj36AbCd'
associated_data = "1234567812345678"
nonce = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 16))
data = '{"lang":"zh-CN","pageNumber":1,"pageSize":10,"cycleId":"1522973936269266945"}'
print("原始数据：" + data)
cipher_data = encrypt_aes_gcm(aes_key, data, associated_data=associated_data, nonce=nonce)
print("加密数据：" + cipher_data)
de_data = decrypt_aes_gcm(aes_key, cipher_data, associated_data)
print("解密数据：" + de_data)执行结果如下：
使用RAS实现非对称加解密
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
import base64
def get_key():
"""生成公私钥"""
# 生成rsa算法实例
rsa = RSA.generate(1024, Random.new().read)
# 生成公钥私钥
private_pem = rsa.exportKey()
public_pem = rsa.publickey().exportKey()
return {
"public_key": public_pem.decode(),
"private_key": private_pem.decode()
}
def rsa_encrypt(data, public_key):
"""公钥加密"""
# 加载公钥
rsakey = RSA.importKey(public_key)
# 生成密码器
cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(rsakey)
# 加密数据。注意，在python3中加密的数据必须是bytes类型的数据，不能是str类型的数据
encrypt_data = cipher.encrypt(data.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
# # 对数据进行base64编码
encrypt_data = base64.b64encode(encrypt_data)
# 公钥每次加密的结果不一样。原因是每次padding的数据不一样
return encrypt_data.decode()
def rsa_decrypt(cipher_data, private_key):
"""私钥解密"""
# 加载私钥
rsakey = RSA.importKey(private_key)
# 生成密码器
cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(rsakey)
# 将密文解密成明文，返回的是一个bytes类型数据，需要自己转换成str
decrypt_data = cipher.decrypt(base64.b64decode(cipher_data), "解密失败")
return decrypt_data.decode()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# k = get_key()
# public_key = k.get("public_key")
# private_key = k.get("private_key")
#
# print(public_key)
# print(private_key)
public_key = """-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDKF7UTc5K61xMUKrCtld0dYJf/
KjT5P+R3H8n8my8aEYqUaWQjO3CkQGsLN//5Tbs8g5Of4vAkqytoleWxSQxFGO7T
YuOQ7UtvRhKqTKvX8PvDnKX7ebKzw3zIXt1QDRbc2bJTqVAbPDdT1DNvyocQdCMC
BtPA2algMRs4Zq0qpwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
"""
private_key = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIICWwIBAAKBgQDKF7UTc5K61xMUKrCtld0dYJf/KjT5P+R3H8n8my8aEYqUaWQj
O3CkQGsLN//5Tbs8g5Of4vAkqytoleWxSQxFGO7TYuOQ7UtvRhKqTKvX8PvDnKX7
ebKzw3zIXt1QDRbc2bJTqVAbPDdT1DNvyocQdCMCBtPA2algMRs4Zq0qpwIDAQAB
AoGAE3LSn0uZDFgUYvV0yU/J1sDr/8dtD6uhbgFmK+Q3VTfo8T1vQKDAx13Xr121
SaW8Zid3doSdfbnnVIpQb45LGtM5GLLDEslSBVJ/u2pNaUF/JmwK+PZVe02g2zCX
rtmceROdOQZo66Iq3jlV3PWcuZdTr1n6XLgbXNyMyeQHf7ECQQDNfJN/ifeXZIk6
ouqWMGdlW6kFTCHXBGeSETqG5otfJWyvGDPOpN+950VXEObcU5y+yyGMX9CEyMNX
B65U/nY5AkEA+8WLBoz2orSptQTB8aDsBfy7rzOnqC7cPepSzsu5oIkNxe1ZJC3j
p0m/0UYpKOgb6RWGi4MhtdfYubMpRQ2n3wJACPoLO4Qcc9mpgQ1C8EK3EZ96d8fG
pq0DlUb5ZpFFv2dUIyYMhVeAirxCtDYBz9g7Pb6D/azl4BchKXklbYMcSQJAViwr
xGc090V8nG9vbiNVBUuWdYXpiV/Yk/yCsTL7at3d7/OnwgFO3PAaDifEaLLg8qsi
bNfKDvI8xHp00qS04wJAeNJg/6C4Xwo1GYeAg2HIy0yHIQ9gs1hwA5zXdUc/7t+9
UkZj7rd2ySQJmXsO2LU0/SvmLIjiNoG3frjWS+dqLA==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
"""
data = "hello python!"
cipher_data = rsa_encrypt(data, public_key)
print(cipher_data)
decrypt_data = rsa_decrypt(cipher_data, private_key)
print(decrypt_data)执行结果如下
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