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SpringMVC通过RESTful结构实现页面数据交互

作者:十八岁讨厌编程

RESTFUL是一种网络应用程序的设计风格和开发方式,基于HTTP,可以使用XML格式定义或JSON格式定义。RESTFUL适用于移动互联网厂商作为业务接口的场景,实现第三方OTT调用移动网络资源的功能,动作类型为新增、变更、删除所调用资源

需求分析

需求一:图片列表查询,从后台返回数据,将数据展示在页面上

需求二:新增图片,将新增图书的数据传递到后台,并在控制台打印

说明:此次案例的重点是在SpringMVC中如何使用RESTful实现前后台交互,所以本案例并没有和数据库进行交互,所有数据使用数据来完成开发。

我们的基本步骤:

环境准备

创建一个Web的Maven项目

pom.xml添加Spring依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.nefu</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc_try</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <port>80</port>
          <path>/</path>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

创建对应的配置类

public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[0];
    }
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
    }
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
    //乱码处理
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        return new Filter[]{filter};
    }
}
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.nefu.controller")
//开启json数据类型自动转换
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}

编写模型类Book

public class Book {
    private Integer id;
    private String type;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    //setter...getter...toString略
}

编写BookController

@Controller
public class BookController {
}

项目结构:

后台接口开发

步骤1:编写Controller类并使用RESTful进行配置

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
    @PostMapping
    public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book save ==> "+ book);
        return "{'module':'book save success'}";
    }
 	@GetMapping
    public List<Book> getAll(){
        System.out.println("book getAll is running ...");
        List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();
        Book book1 = new Book();
        book1.setType("计算机");
        book1.setName("SpringMVC入门教程");
        book1.setDescription("小试牛刀");
        bookList.add(book1);
        Book book2 = new Book();
        book2.setType("计算机");
        book2.setName("SpringMVC实战教程");
        book2.setDescription("一代宗师");
        bookList.add(book2);
        Book book3 = new Book();
        book3.setType("计算机丛书");
        book3.setName("SpringMVC实战教程进阶");
        book3.setDescription("一代宗师呕心创作");
        bookList.add(book3);
        return bookList;
    }
}

步骤2:使用PostMan进行测试

测试新增

{
    "type":"计算机丛书",
    "name":"SpringMVC终极开发",
    "description":"这是一本好书"
}

测试查询

页面访问处理

步骤1:拷贝静态页面

将资料\功能页面下的所有内容拷贝到项目的webapp目录下

步骤2:访问pages目录下的books.html

打开浏览器输入http://localhost/pages/books.html

(1)出现错误的原因?

SpringMVC拦截了静态资源,根据/pages/books.html去controller找对应的方法,找不到所以会报404的错误。

(2)SpringMVC为什么会拦截静态资源呢?

(3)解决方案?

SpringMVC需要将静态资源进行放行。

@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    //设置静态资源访问过滤,当前类需要设置为配置类,并被扫描加载
    @Override
    protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        //当访问/pages/????时候,从/pages目录下查找内容
        registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
    }
}

该配置类是在config目录下,SpringMVC扫描的是controller包,所以该配置类还未生效,要想生效需要将SpringMvcConfig配置类进行修改

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.nefu.controller","com.nefu.config"})
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}
//或者
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.nefu")
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}

注意:

此处有人可能会想着把SpringMvcSupport配置类上的@Configuration注解给去掉,然后在SpringMvcConfig文件中使用@Import进行引入这样是不行的!因为这样的话实际上是让SpringMvcConfig引入SpringMvcSupport配置类中所有的bean,但是你SpringMvcSupport配置类中就重写了一个方法,压根就没有bean。所以不能使用。 例如像下面这种才可以使用:

@Configuration
public class ImportedConfig {
   @Bean
   public ImportedBean getImportedBean(){
       return new ImportedBean();
   }
}

具体的@Import注解使用规则,可以参考下面的链接:

@Import注解详解

步骤3:修改books.html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <!-- 页面meta -->
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <title>SpringMVC案例</title>
        <!-- 引入样式 -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/elementui/index.css" rel="external nofollow" >
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="external nofollow" >
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/style.css" rel="external nofollow" >
    </head>
    <body class="hold-transition">
        <div id="app">
            <div class="content-header">
                <h1>图书管理</h1>
            </div>
            <div class="app-container">
                <div class="box">
                    <div class="filter-container">
                        <el-input placeholder="图书名称" style="width: 200px;" class="filter-item"></el-input>
                        <el-button class="dalfBut">查询</el-button>
                        <el-button type="primary" class="butT" @click="openSave()">新建</el-button>
                    </div>
                    <el-table size="small" current-row-key="id" :data="dataList" stripe highlight-current-row>
                        <el-table-column type="index" align="center" label="序号"></el-table-column>
                        <el-table-column prop="type" label="图书类别" align="center"></el-table-column>
                        <el-table-column prop="name" label="图书名称" align="center"></el-table-column>
                        <el-table-column prop="description" label="描述" align="center"></el-table-column>
                        <el-table-column label="操作" align="center">
                            <template slot-scope="scope">
                                <el-button type="primary" size="mini">编辑</el-button>
                                <el-button size="mini" type="danger">删除</el-button>
                            </template>
                        </el-table-column>
                    </el-table>
                    <div class="pagination-container">
                        <el-pagination
                            class="pagiantion"
                            @current-change="handleCurrentChange"
                            :current-page="pagination.currentPage"
                            :page-size="pagination.pageSize"
                            layout="total, prev, pager, next, jumper"
                            :total="pagination.total">
                        </el-pagination>
                    </div>
                    <!-- 新增标签弹层 -->
                    <div class="add-form">
                        <el-dialog title="新增图书" :visible.sync="dialogFormVisible">
                            <el-form ref="dataAddForm" :model="formData" :rules="rules" label-position="right" label-width="100px">
                                <el-row>
                                    <el-col :span="12">
                                        <el-form-item label="图书类别" prop="type">
                                            <el-input v-model="formData.type"/>
                                        </el-form-item>
                                    </el-col>
                                    <el-col :span="12">
                                        <el-form-item label="图书名称" prop="name">
                                            <el-input v-model="formData.name"/>
                                        </el-form-item>
                                    </el-col>
                                </el-row>
                                <el-row>
                                    <el-col :span="24">
                                        <el-form-item label="描述">
                                            <el-input v-model="formData.description" type="textarea"></el-input>
                                        </el-form-item>
                                    </el-col>
                                </el-row>
                            </el-form>
                            <div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
                                <el-button @click="dialogFormVisible = false">取消</el-button>
                                <el-button type="primary" @click="saveBook()">确定</el-button>
                            </div>
                        </el-dialog>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
    <!-- 引入组件库 -->
    <script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
    <script src="../plugins/elementui/index.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="../js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
    <script>
        var vue = new Vue({
            el: '#app',
            data:{
				dataList: [],//当前页要展示的分页列表数据
                formData: {},//表单数据
                dialogFormVisible: false,//增加表单是否可见
                dialogFormVisible4Edit:false,//编辑表单是否可见
                pagination: {},//分页模型数据,暂时弃用
            },
            //钩子函数,VUE对象初始化完成后自动执行
            created() {
                this.getAll();
            },
            methods: {
                // 重置表单
                resetForm() {
                    //清空输入框
                    this.formData = {};
                },
                // 弹出添加窗口
                openSave() {
                    this.dialogFormVisible = true;
                    this.resetForm();
                },
                //添加
                saveBook () {
                    axios.post("/books",this.formData).then((res)=>{
                    });
                },
                //主页列表查询
                getAll() {
                    axios.get("/books").then((res)=>{
                        this.dataList = res.data;
                    });
                },
            }
        })
    </script>
</html>

到此这篇关于SpringMVC通过RESTful结构实现页面数据交互的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SpringMVC RESTful内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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