SpringMVC通过RESTful结构实现页面数据交互
作者:十八岁讨厌编程
需求分析
需求一:图片列表查询,从后台返回数据,将数据展示在页面上
需求二:新增图片,将新增图书的数据传递到后台,并在控制台打印
说明:此次案例的重点是在SpringMVC中如何使用RESTful实现前后台交互,所以本案例并没有和数据库进行交互,所有数据使用假
数据来完成开发。
我们的基本步骤:
- 搭建项目导入jar包
- 编写Controller类,提供两个方法,一个用来做列表查询,一个用来做新增
- 在方法上使用RESTful进行路径设置
- 完成请求、参数的接收和结果的响应
- 使用PostMan进行测试
- 将前端页面拷贝到项目中
- 页面发送ajax请求
- 完成页面数据的展示
环境准备
创建一个Web的Maven项目
pom.xml添加Spring依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.nefu</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc_try</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> <configuration> <port>80</port> <path>/</path> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
创建对应的配置类
public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[0]; } protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class}; } protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[]{"/"}; } //乱码处理 @Override protected Filter[] getServletFilters() { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter(); filter.setEncoding("UTF-8"); return new Filter[]{filter}; } } @Configuration @ComponentScan("com.nefu.controller") //开启json数据类型自动转换 @EnableWebMvc public class SpringMvcConfig { }
编写模型类Book
public class Book { private Integer id; private String type; private String name; private String description; //setter...getter...toString略 }
编写BookController
@Controller public class BookController { }
项目结构:
后台接口开发
步骤1:编写Controller类并使用RESTful进行配置
@RestController @RequestMapping("/books") public class BookController { @PostMapping public String save(@RequestBody Book book){ System.out.println("book save ==> "+ book); return "{'module':'book save success'}"; } @GetMapping public List<Book> getAll(){ System.out.println("book getAll is running ..."); List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>(); Book book1 = new Book(); book1.setType("计算机"); book1.setName("SpringMVC入门教程"); book1.setDescription("小试牛刀"); bookList.add(book1); Book book2 = new Book(); book2.setType("计算机"); book2.setName("SpringMVC实战教程"); book2.setDescription("一代宗师"); bookList.add(book2); Book book3 = new Book(); book3.setType("计算机丛书"); book3.setName("SpringMVC实战教程进阶"); book3.setDescription("一代宗师呕心创作"); bookList.add(book3); return bookList; } }
步骤2:使用PostMan进行测试
测试新增
{
"type":"计算机丛书",
"name":"SpringMVC终极开发",
"description":"这是一本好书"
}
测试查询
页面访问处理
步骤1:拷贝静态页面
将资料\功能页面下的所有内容拷贝到项目的webapp
目录下
步骤2:访问pages目录下的books.html
打开浏览器输入http://localhost/pages/books.html
(1)出现错误的原因?
SpringMVC拦截了静态资源,根据/pages/books.html去controller找对应的方法,找不到所以会报404的错误。
(2)SpringMVC为什么会拦截静态资源呢?
(3)解决方案?
SpringMVC需要将静态资源进行放行。
@Configuration public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport { //设置静态资源访问过滤,当前类需要设置为配置类,并被扫描加载 @Override protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { //当访问/pages/????时候,从/pages目录下查找内容 registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/"); registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/"); registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/"); registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/"); } }
该配置类是在config目录下,SpringMVC扫描的是controller包,所以该配置类还未生效,要想生效需要将SpringMvcConfig配置类进行修改
@Configuration @ComponentScan({"com.nefu.controller","com.nefu.config"}) @EnableWebMvc public class SpringMvcConfig { } //或者 @Configuration @ComponentScan("com.nefu") @EnableWebMvc public class SpringMvcConfig { }
注意:
此处有人可能会想着把SpringMvcSupport配置类上的@Configuration注解给去掉,然后在SpringMvcConfig文件中使用@Import进行引入这样是不行的!因为这样的话实际上是让SpringMvcConfig引入SpringMvcSupport配置类中所有的bean,但是你SpringMvcSupport配置类中就重写了一个方法,压根就没有bean。所以不能使用。 例如像下面这种才可以使用:
@Configuration public class ImportedConfig { @Bean public ImportedBean getImportedBean(){ return new ImportedBean(); } }
具体的@Import注解使用规则,可以参考下面的链接:
步骤3:修改books.html页面
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <!-- 页面meta --> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>SpringMVC案例</title> <!-- 引入样式 --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/elementui/index.css" rel="external nofollow" > <link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="external nofollow" > <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/style.css" rel="external nofollow" > </head> <body class="hold-transition"> <div id="app"> <div class="content-header"> <h1>图书管理</h1> </div> <div class="app-container"> <div class="box"> <div class="filter-container"> <el-input placeholder="图书名称" style="width: 200px;" class="filter-item"></el-input> <el-button class="dalfBut">查询</el-button> <el-button type="primary" class="butT" @click="openSave()">新建</el-button> </div> <el-table size="small" current-row-key="id" :data="dataList" stripe highlight-current-row> <el-table-column type="index" align="center" label="序号"></el-table-column> <el-table-column prop="type" label="图书类别" align="center"></el-table-column> <el-table-column prop="name" label="图书名称" align="center"></el-table-column> <el-table-column prop="description" label="描述" align="center"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="操作" align="center"> <template slot-scope="scope"> <el-button type="primary" size="mini">编辑</el-button> <el-button size="mini" type="danger">删除</el-button> </template> </el-table-column> </el-table> <div class="pagination-container"> <el-pagination class="pagiantion" @current-change="handleCurrentChange" :current-page="pagination.currentPage" :page-size="pagination.pageSize" layout="total, prev, pager, next, jumper" :total="pagination.total"> </el-pagination> </div> <!-- 新增标签弹层 --> <div class="add-form"> <el-dialog title="新增图书" :visible.sync="dialogFormVisible"> <el-form ref="dataAddForm" :model="formData" :rules="rules" label-position="right" label-width="100px"> <el-row> <el-col :span="12"> <el-form-item label="图书类别" prop="type"> <el-input v-model="formData.type"/> </el-form-item> </el-col> <el-col :span="12"> <el-form-item label="图书名称" prop="name"> <el-input v-model="formData.name"/> </el-form-item> </el-col> </el-row> <el-row> <el-col :span="24"> <el-form-item label="描述"> <el-input v-model="formData.description" type="textarea"></el-input> </el-form-item> </el-col> </el-row> </el-form> <div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer"> <el-button @click="dialogFormVisible = false">取消</el-button> <el-button type="primary" @click="saveBook()">确定</el-button> </div> </el-dialog> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> <!-- 引入组件库 --> <script src="../js/vue.js"></script> <script src="../plugins/elementui/index.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="../js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script> <script> var vue = new Vue({ el: '#app', data:{ dataList: [],//当前页要展示的分页列表数据 formData: {},//表单数据 dialogFormVisible: false,//增加表单是否可见 dialogFormVisible4Edit:false,//编辑表单是否可见 pagination: {},//分页模型数据,暂时弃用 }, //钩子函数,VUE对象初始化完成后自动执行 created() { this.getAll(); }, methods: { // 重置表单 resetForm() { //清空输入框 this.formData = {}; }, // 弹出添加窗口 openSave() { this.dialogFormVisible = true; this.resetForm(); }, //添加 saveBook () { axios.post("/books",this.formData).then((res)=>{ }); }, //主页列表查询 getAll() { axios.get("/books").then((res)=>{ this.dataList = res.data; }); }, } }) </script> </html>
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