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Android14 、15动态申请读写权限实现方法示例代码 (Java)

作者:blog_jenny

在Android应用开发中,文件读写权限是至关重要的一个环节,因为这关乎到应用程序能否正常地存储和访问数据,这篇文章主要介绍了Android14 、15动态申请读写权限实现方法的相关资料,需要的朋友可以参考下

在 Android 14、15 中,Google 进一步优化了存储权限系统,特别是写权限的管理。以下是完整的 Java 实现方案:

1. AndroidManifest.xml 声明权限

<strong><!-- Android 14 存储权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO" />
<!-- 新增的视觉媒体选择权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED" /></strong>
<!-- 兼容旧版本 (可选) -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" 
                 android:maxSdkVersion="32" />
<!-- 写入权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" 
                 android:maxSdkVersion="32" /> <!-- 仅用于兼容旧版本 -->

2. Java 权限请求实现

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher;
import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class StoragePermissionHelper extends AppCompatActivity {

    // 多权限请求启动器
    private final ActivityResultLauncher<String[]> requestPermissionsLauncher =
            registerForActivityResult(new ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions(),
                    this::handlePermissionResult);

    // 检查并请求存储权限
    public void checkAndRequestStoragePermissions() {
        List<String> permissionsToRequest = new ArrayList<>();
        
        // Android 14+ 需要的权限(读、写权限)        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES) 
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                permissionsToRequest.add(Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES);            }
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO) 
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                permissionsToRequest.add(Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO);            }
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED) 
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                permissionsToRequest.add(Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED);            }
        } 
        // Android 13(读、写权限)        else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES) 
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                permissionsToRequest.add(Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES);
            }
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO) 
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                permissionsToRequest.add(Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO);
            }
        }
        // Android 10-12(读、写权限)        else if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) 
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionsToRequest.add(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) 
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionsToRequest.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        }
}
        if (permissionsToRequest.isEmpty()) {
            onStoragePermissionGranted();
        } else {
            requestPermissionsLauncher.launch(permissionsToRequest.toArray(new String[0]));
        }
    }

    // 处理权限请求结果
    private void handlePermissionResult(Map<String, Boolean> permissions) {
        List<String> deniedPermissions = new ArrayList<>();
        
        for (Map.Entry<String, Boolean> entry : permissions.entrySet()) {
            if (!entry.getValue()) {
                deniedPermissions.add(entry.getKey());
            }
        }

        if (deniedPermissions.isEmpty()) {
            onStoragePermissionGranted();
        } else {
            handleDeniedPermissions(deniedPermissions);
        }
    }

    // 权限全部授予
    private void onStoragePermissionGranted() {
        Toast.makeText(this, "存储权限已授予", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        // 这里可以执行需要权限的操作
    }

    // 处理被拒绝的权限
    private void handleDeniedPermissions(List<String> deniedPermissions) {
        for (String permission : deniedPermissions) {
            if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission)) {
                showRationaleDialog(permission);
            } else {
                showGoToSettingsDialog(permission);
            }
        }
    }

    // 显示权限解释对话框
    private void showRationaleDialog(String permission) {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle("需要权限")
                .setMessage(getPermissionMessage(permission))
                .setPositiveButton("确定", (dialog, which) -> 
                    checkAndRequestStoragePermissions())
                .setNegativeButton("取消", null)
                .show();
    }

    // 显示前往设置对话框
    private void showGoToSettingsDialog(String permission) {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle("权限被永久拒绝")
                .setMessage("请在应用设置中手动授予" + getPermissionName(permission) + "权限")
                .setPositiveButton("去设置", (dialog, which) -> {
                    Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                    intent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null));
                    startActivity(intent);
                })
                .setNegativeButton("取消", null)
                .show();
    }

    // 获取权限说明信息
    private String getPermissionMessage(String permission) {
        switch (permission) {
            case Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES:
                return "需要访问您的照片以提供完整功能";
            case Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO:
                return "需要访问您的视频以提供完整功能";
            case Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED:
                return "需要访问您选择的媒体文件";
            case Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                return "需要访问您的文件以提供完整功能";
            default:
                return "需要此权限以提供完整功能";
        }
    }

    // 获取权限名称
    private String getPermissionName(String permission) {
        switch (permission) {
            case Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES:
                return "照片访问";
            case Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO:
                return "视频访问";
            case Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED:
                return "选择的媒体文件访问";
            case Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                return "文件访问";
            default:
                return "存储";
        }
    }
}

3. 使用示例

public class MainActivity extends StoragePermissionHelper {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        findViewById(R.id.btn_request_storage).setOnClickListener(v -> {
            checkAndRequestStoragePermissions();
        });
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        // 从设置返回后检查权限状态
        verifyStoragePermissions();
    }
    
    private void verifyStoragePermissions() {
        boolean hasPermissions;
        
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) {
            hasPermissions = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, 
                    Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    && ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, 
                    Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            hasPermissions = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, 
                    Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        } else {
            hasPermissions = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, 
                    Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        }
        
        if (hasPermissions) {
            onStoragePermissionGranted();
        }
    }
}

Android 14 存储权限关键点

这套实现方案完全符合 Android 14 的存储权限要求,同时保持了良好的向后兼容性。

Android 14 写权限关键点

这套实现方案完全符合 Android 14 的写权限要求,同时保持了良好的向后兼容性。

总结

到此这篇关于Android14 、15动态申请读写权限实现方法的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Android动态申请读写内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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