android 自定义view实现彩虹进度条功能
作者:cyy298
实现一个彩虹色进度条功能,不说明具体用途大家应该能猜到。想找别人造的轮子,但是没有合适的,所以决定自己实现一个。
相关知识
android 自定义view
LinearGradient 线性渐变
实现步骤
自定义view
自定义一个TmcView类继承View
重写两个构造方法。构造方法一共有4个,这里边重写两个
重写ongSizeChanged方法,用来获取控件宽、高,来计算内部组件尺寸。
重写onDraw方法,里边要描画背景drawBackground,分段数据drawSection,和seekbar图片drawImage。
import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.view.View; import androidx.annotation.Nullable; import java.util.List; public class TmcView extends View { public TmcView(Context context) { super(context); } public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); drawBackground(canvas); drawSection(canvas); drawImage(canvas); } /** * 画背景 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) { } /** * 画分段数据 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawSection(Canvas canvas) { } /** * 画图片 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawImage(Canvas canvas) { } /** * 更新view * @param total 总长度 * @param rest 剩余长度 * @param sections 分段数据 */ public void updateView(int total, int rest, List<SectionData> sections){ }
实现几个重构方法
标注:
整体宽度为图片宽度44px
背景条宽度30px,外边距7px,圆角15px
带颜色的条宽度20xp,外边距5px,圆角15px
自定义view的坐标轴是以view的左上角位置为原点,向右为x轴正方向,向下为y轴正方向
在视图中用RectF创建背景,和颜色条,并在onSizeChanged中设置尺寸
public class TmcView extends View { private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF(); private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF(); public TmcView(Context context) { super(context); } public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出 backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h); colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5); } ... }
绘制背景条
实现drawBackground方法,画背景需要一根画笔Paint 为了避免重复创建,声明为成员变量
public class TmcView extends View { /*背景画笔*/ private final Paint backPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF(); private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF(); public TmcView(Context context) { super(context); } public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出 backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h); colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); drawBackground(canvas); drawSection(canvas); drawImage(canvas); } /** * 画背景 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) { backPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); backPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //抗锯齿 backPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF")); //画圆角矩形,15为圆角的角度 canvas.drawRoundRect(backgroundRectF, 15, 15, backPaint); } ... }
布局中加入TmcView
<com.bigxuan.tesapp.view.TmcView android:id="@+id/tmc" android:layout_width="44px" android:layout_height="690px" android:layout_marginEnd="1230px" android:layout_marginBottom="100px" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
绘制颜色条
实现drawSection方法,这里要用到线性渐变LinearGradient
LinearGradient 简单说,指定每一段的颜色和位置百分比,就能实现每一段显示不同颜色。
但它默认是渐变色,要想不变就在每一段的开始和结束位置都设置相同的颜色。
再创建一个画笔 Paint,画颜色条
public class TmcView extends View { private final Paint backPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); private final Paint colorPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF(); private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF(); public TmcView(Context context) { super(context); } public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出 backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h); colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); drawBackground(canvas); drawSection(canvas); drawImage(canvas); } /** * 画背景 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) { backPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); backPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //抗锯齿 backPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF")); //画圆角矩形,15为圆角的角度 canvas.drawRoundRect(backgroundRectF, 15, 15, backPaint); } /** * 画分段数据 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawSection(Canvas canvas) { int[] colorArray = { Color.parseColor("#FF0000"), Color.parseColor("#FF0000"), Color.parseColor("#00FF00"), Color.parseColor("#00FF00"), Color.parseColor("#0000FF"), Color.parseColor("#0000FF") }; float[] positionArray = { 0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1f }; colorPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); colorPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //指定渐变色方向x轴方向不变,沿y方向渐变,渐变范围为 颜色条高度 colorPaint.setShader(new LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, colorRectF.bottom, colorArray, positionArray, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT)); canvas.drawRoundRect(colorRectF,15, 15, colorPaint); } ... }
绘制进度图片
app加入图片资源,根据资源id获取bitmap对象,绘制。
需要注意的是,坐标轴的顶点在左上角,绘制图片时也是以图片左上顶点位置做定位,图片位置是view的高度减掉图片的高度,才能显示在正确位置。
public class TmcView extends View { private Context context; private final Paint backPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); private final Paint colorPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF(); private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF(); /*图片资源id*/ private int imgResId; /*图片位置*/ private int imgPos; public TmcView(Context context) { super(context); } public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); this.context = context; this.imgResId = R.drawable.icon_seekbar_day; } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出 backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h); colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5); imgPos = h - 44; // 设置一个初始位置 } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); drawBackground(canvas); drawSection(canvas); drawImage(canvas); } /** * 画背景 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) { backPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); backPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //抗锯齿 backPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF")); //画圆角矩形,15为圆角的角度 canvas.drawRoundRect(backgroundRectF, 15, 15, backPaint); } /** * 画分段数据 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawSection(Canvas canvas) { int[] colorArray = { Color.parseColor("#FF0000"), Color.parseColor("#FF0000"), Color.parseColor("#00FF00"), Color.parseColor("#00FF00"), Color.parseColor("#0000FF"), Color.parseColor("#0000FF") }; float[] positionArray = { 0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1f }; colorPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); colorPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //指定渐变色方向x轴方向不变,沿y方向渐变,渐变范围为 颜色条高度 colorPaint.setShader(new LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, colorRectF.bottom, colorArray, positionArray, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT)); canvas.drawRoundRect(colorRectF,15, 15, colorPaint); } /** * 画图片 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawImage(Canvas canvas) { Bitmap bitmap = initBitmap(imgResId); canvas.save(); canvas.translate(0, 0); canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, imgPos, null); canvas.restore(); } /** * 通过资源id 创建bitmap * @param resId 资源id * @return */ private Bitmap initBitmap(int resId) { Bitmap originalBmp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), resId); return Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(originalBmp, 44, 44, true); } ... }
公共方法
暴露方法用来更新进度updateView
定义一个图片有效的运动距离为view高度减掉图片高度,函数参数为总距离和剩余距离,计算百分比后乘以有效运动距离得出图片描画位置。最后调用invalidate方法刷新view
import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Color; import android.graphics.LinearGradient; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.graphics.RectF; import android.graphics.Shader; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.view.View; import androidx.annotation.Nullable; import com.navinfo.tesapp.R; import java.util.List; public class TmcView extends View { private Context context; private final Paint backPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); private final Paint colorPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF(); private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF(); /*图片资源id*/ private int imgResId; /*图片位置*/ private int imgPos; /*图片有效的运动距离*/ private int imgValidHeight; public TmcView(Context context) { super(context); } public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); this.context = context; this.imgResId = R.drawable.icon_seekbar_day; } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出 backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h); colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5); imgValidHeight = h - 44; imgPos = h - 44; // 设置一个初始位置 } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); drawBackground(canvas); drawSection(canvas); drawImage(canvas); } /** * 画背景 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) { backPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); backPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //抗锯齿 backPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF")); //画圆角矩形,15为圆角的角度 canvas.drawRoundRect(backgroundRectF, 15, 15, backPaint); } /** * 画分段数据 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawSection(Canvas canvas) { int[] colorArray = { Color.parseColor("#FF0000"), Color.parseColor("#FF0000"), Color.parseColor("#00FF00"), Color.parseColor("#00FF00"), Color.parseColor("#0000FF"), Color.parseColor("#0000FF") }; float[] positionArray = { 0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1f }; colorPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); colorPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //指定渐变色方向x轴方向不变,沿y方向渐变,渐变范围为 颜色条高度 colorPaint.setShader(new LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, colorRectF.bottom, colorArray, positionArray, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT)); canvas.drawRoundRect(colorRectF,15, 15, colorPaint); } /** * 画图片 * @param canvas 画布 */ private void drawImage(Canvas canvas) { Bitmap bitmap = initBitmap(imgResId); canvas.save(); canvas.translate(0, 0); canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, imgPos, null); canvas.restore(); } /** * * @param resId * @return */ private Bitmap initBitmap(int resId) { Bitmap originalBmp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), resId); return Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(originalBmp, 44, 44, true); } /** * 更新view * @param total 总长度 * @param rest 剩余长度 * @param sections 分段数据 */ public void updateView(int total, int rest, List<SectionData> sections){ float percent = (1f * rest) / total; //防止溢出 if(percent < 0){ return; } imgPos = (int)(percent * imgValidHeight); invalidate(); } }
updateView方法还有第三个参数,是用来传出颜色条不同段的颜色和百分比数据的。根据此数据来更新颜色条。这里需要根据业务不同自己实现,我这里就不写了。
总结
大家可能看出来了,这个视图是用来展示导航中不同路段交通情况和当前车辆进度用的。自定义view中可以在构造方法中获取一些自定义属性,像背景条和颜色条的边距、圆角这些都可以定义到xml中,因为只适配一种屏幕尺寸所以也没有做多尺寸适配。以前也没有做过,这次记录下来。