Flutter弹性布局Flex水平排列Row垂直排列Column使用示例
作者:Rocky_ruan
一:弹性布局(Flex)
弹性布局允许子组件按照一定比例来分配父容器空间。弹性布局的概念在其它UI系统中也都存在,如H5中的弹性盒子布局,Android中的FlexboxLayout等。Flutter中的弹性布局主要通过Flex和Expanded来配合实现
Flex({ Key? key, required this.direction,//Axis.vertical,Axis.horizontal,/弹性布局的方向, Row默认为水平方向,Column默认为垂直方向 this.mainAxisAlignment = MainAxisAlignment.start,//主轴排列方式 this.mainAxisSize = MainAxisSize.max, this.crossAxisAlignment = CrossAxisAlignment.center,//交叉轴排列方式 this.textDirection,// this.verticalDirection = VerticalDirection.down,//设置垂直方向上的子 Widget 的排列顺序,默认为 VerticalDirection.down this.textBaseline, // NO DEFAULT: we don't know what the text's baseline should be//设置文字对齐的基线类型 this.clipBehavior = Clip.none, List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[],//子组件 }) : assert(direction != null), assert(mainAxisAlignment != null), assert(mainAxisSize != null), assert(crossAxisAlignment != null), assert(verticalDirection != null), assert(crossAxisAlignment != CrossAxisAlignment.baseline || textBaseline != null, 'textBaseline is required if you specify the crossAxisAlignment with CrossAxisAlignment.baseline'), assert(clipBehavior != null), super(key: key, children: children);
1. direction设置主轴方向
可设置的值为 Axis.horizontal 和 Axis.vertical,交叉轴与主轴方向垂直。
在Flutter中,Row组件和Column组件都继承自Flex组件
- (1).Flex组件和Row、Column属性主要的区别就是多一个direction。
- (2).当direction的值为Axis.horizontal的时候,则是Row。
- (3).当direction的值为Axis.vertical的时候,则是Column
2. mainAxisAlignment设置子 Widget沿着主轴方向的排列方式
默认MainAxisAlignment.start,可设置的方式如下:
MainAxisAlignment.start:左对齐,默认值;
MainAxisAlignment.end:右对齐;
MainAxisAlignment.center:居中对齐;
MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween:两端对齐;
MainAxisAlignment.spaceAround:每个 Widget 两侧的间隔相等,与屏幕边缘的间隔是其他 Widget 之间间隔的一半;
MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvently:平均分布各个 Widget,与屏幕边缘的间隔与其他 Widget 之间的间隔相等.
3. mainAxisSize设置主轴的大小
默认 MainAxisSize.max,可设置的值如下:
MainAxisSize.max:主轴的大小是父容器的大小;
MainAxisSize.min:主轴的大小是其子 Widget 大小之和。
4. crossAxisAlignment设置子 Widget 沿着交叉轴方向的排列方式
默认 CrossAxisAlignment.center,可设置的方式如下:
CrossAxisAlignment.start:与交叉轴的起始位置对齐;
CrossAxisAlignment.end:与交叉轴的结束位置对齐;
CrossAxisAlignment.center:居中对齐;
CrossAxisAlignment.stretch:填充整个交叉轴;
CrossAxisAlignment.baseline:按照第一行文字基线对齐。
5. verticalDirection设置垂直方向上的子 Widget 的排列顺序
默认为 VerticalDirection.down,设置方式如下:
VerticalDirection.down:start 在顶部,end 在底部;
VerticalDirection.up:start 在底部,end 在顶部。
6. textBaseline设置文字对齐的基线类型
可设置的值如下:
TextBaseline.alphabetic:与字母基线对齐;
TextBaseline.ideographic:与表意字符基线对齐;
栗子:
return Scaffold( body: Center( child: Flex( direction: Axis.vertical,////弹性布局的方向, Row默认为水平方向,Column默认为垂直方向 mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,//主轴两端对齐 mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.max,//父类容器大小 crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,//交叉轴居中对齐 children: [ Container( width: 200, height: 20, color: Colors.purple, child: Text('我是第一列'), ), Container( width: 150, height: 20, color: Colors.orange, child: Text('我是第二列'), ), Container( width: 100, height: 20, color: Colors.red, child: Text('我是第三列'), ) ], ), ), );
二:Flutter组件之Row水平排列
//水平排列 Row({ Key? key, MainAxisAlignment mainAxisAlignment = MainAxisAlignment.start, MainAxisSize mainAxisSize = MainAxisSize.max, CrossAxisAlignment crossAxisAlignment = CrossAxisAlignment.center, TextDirection? textDirection, VerticalDirection verticalDirection = VerticalDirection.down, TextBaseline? textBaseline, // NO DEFAULT: we don't know what the text's baseline should be List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[], }) : super( children: children, key: key, direction: Axis.horizontal, mainAxisAlignment: mainAxisAlignment, mainAxisSize: mainAxisSize, crossAxisAlignment: crossAxisAlignment, textDirection: textDirection, verticalDirection: verticalDirection, textBaseline: textBaseline, );
栗子:
return Scaffold( body: Center( child: Row( mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,//主轴两端对齐 mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.max,//父类容器大小 crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,//交叉轴居中对齐 children: [ Container( width: 100, height: 100, color: Colors.purple, child: Text('我是第一行'), ), Container( width: 100, height: 50, color: Colors.orange, child: Text('我是第二行'), ), Container( width: 100, height: 30, color: Colors.red, child: Text('我是第三行'), ) ], ), ), );
三:Flutter组件之垂直排列Column
Column({ Key? key, MainAxisAlignment mainAxisAlignment = MainAxisAlignment.start, MainAxisSize mainAxisSize = MainAxisSize.max, CrossAxisAlignment crossAxisAlignment = CrossAxisAlignment.center, TextDirection? textDirection, VerticalDirection verticalDirection = VerticalDirection.down, TextBaseline? textBaseline, List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[], }) : super( children: children, key: key, direction: Axis.vertical, mainAxisAlignment: mainAxisAlignment, mainAxisSize: mainAxisSize, crossAxisAlignment: crossAxisAlignment, textDirection: textDirection, verticalDirection: verticalDirection, textBaseline: textBaseline, );
栗子:
return Scaffold( body: Center( child: Column( mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,//主轴两端对齐 mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.max,//父类容器大小 crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,//交叉轴居中对齐 children: [ Container( width: 150, height: 100, color: Colors.purple, child: Text('我是第一Column列'), ), Container( width: 100, height: 50, color: Colors.orange, child: Text('我是第二Column列'), ), Container( width: 200, height: 30, color: Colors.red, child: Text('我是第三Column列'), ) ], ), ), );
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