详解Android中使用OkHttp发送HTTP的post请求的方法
作者：成富
OkHttp(github.com/square/okhttp)是近来人气迅速攀升的一款第三方安卓HTTP支持包,这里我们就来详解Android中使用OkHttp发送HTTP的post请求的方法
HTTP POST 和 PUT 请求可以包含要提交的内容。只需要在创建 Request 对象时，通过 post 和 put 方法来指定要提交的内容即可。
HTTP POST 请求的基本示例：
public class PostString {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_TEXT = MediaType.parse("text/plain");
String postBody = "Hello World";
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("http://www.baidu.com")
.post(RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_TEXT, postBody))
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
throw new IOException("服务器端错误: " + response);
}
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
}
以 String 类型提交内容只适用于内容比较小的情况。当请求内容较大时，应该使用流来提交。
Post方式提交流
以流的方式POST提交请求体。请求体的内容由流写入产生。这个例子是流直接写入 Okio 的BufferedSink。你的程序可能会使用 OutputStream ，你可以使用 BufferedSink.outputStream() 来获取。
public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
= MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
public void run() throws Exception {
RequestBody requestBody = new RequestBody() {
@Override public MediaType contentType() {
return MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN;
}
@Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
sink.writeUtf8("Numbers\n");
sink.writeUtf8("-------\n");
for (int i = 2; i <= 997; i++) {
sink.writeUtf8(String.format(" * %s = %s\n", i, factor(i)));
}
}
private String factor(int n) {
for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
int x = n / i;
if (x * i == n) return factor(x) + " × " + i;
}
return Integer.toString(n);
}
};
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
.post(requestBody)
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
Post方式提交文件
以文件作为请求体是十分简单的。
public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
= MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
public void run() throws Exception {
File file = new File("README.md");
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
.post(RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN, file))
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
Post方式提交表单
使用 FormEncodingBuilder 来构建和HTML <form> 标签相同效果的请求体。键值对将使用一种HTML兼容形式的URL编码来进行编码。
private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
public void run() throws Exception {
RequestBody formBody = new FormEncodingBuilder()
.add("search", "Jurassic Park")
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php")
.post(formBody)
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
Post方式提交分块请求
MultipartBuilder 可以构建复杂的请求体，与HTML文件上传形式兼容。多块请求体中每块请求都是一个请求体，可以定义自己的请求头。这些请求头可以用来描述这块请求，例如他的 Content-Disposition 。如果 Content-Length 和 Content-Type 可用的话，他们会被自动添加到请求头中。
private static final String IMGUR_CLIENT_ID = "...";
private static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_PNG = MediaType.parse("image/png");
private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
public void run() throws Exception {
// Use the imgur image upload API as documented at https://api.imgur.com/endpoints/image
RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBuilder()
.type(MultipartBuilder.FORM)
.addPart(
Headers.of("Content-Disposition", "form-data; name=\"title\""),
RequestBody.create(null, "Square Logo"))
.addPart(
Headers.of("Content-Disposition", "form-data; name=\"image\""),
RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_PNG, new File("website/static/logo-square.png")))
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.header("Authorization", "Client-ID " + IMGUR_CLIENT_ID)
.url("https://api.imgur.com/3/image")
.post(requestBody)
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}