Android基于Http协议实现文件上传功能的方法
作者：与时俱进
这篇文章主要介绍了Android基于Http协议实现文件上传功能的方法,结合实例形式分析了Android的HTTP协议原理与文件上传功能实现技巧,需要的朋友可以参考下
本文实例讲述了Android基于Http协议实现文件上传功能的方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
注意一般使用Http协议上传的文件都比较小，一般是小于2M
这里示例是上传一个小的MP3文件
1.主Activity：MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private EditText timelengthText;
private EditText titleText;
private EditText videoText;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//提交上传按钮
Button button = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button);
timelengthText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.timelength);
videoText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.video);
titleText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.title);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
String title = titleText.getText().toString();
String timelength = timelengthText.getText().toString();
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
params.put("method", "save");
params.put("title", title);
params.put("timelength", timelength);
try
{
//得到SDCard的目录
File uploadFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), videoText.getText().toString());
//上传音频文件
FormFile formfile = new FormFile("02.mp3", uploadFile, "video", "audio/mpeg");
SocketHttpRequester.post("http://192.168.1.100:8080/videoweb/video/manage.do", params, formfile);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, R.string.success, 1).show();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, R.string.error, 1).show();
Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
}
}
});
}
}
2.上传工具类，注意里面构造协议字符串需要根据不同的提交表单来处理
public class SocketHttpRequester
{
/**
* 发送xml数据
* @param path 请求地址
* @param xml xml数据
* @param encoding 编码
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] postXml(String path, String xml, String encoding) throws Exception{
byte[] data = xml.getBytes(encoding);
URL url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset="+ encoding);
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream();
outStream.write(data);
outStream.flush();
outStream.close();
if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){
return readStream(conn.getInputStream());
}
return null;
}
/**
* 直接通过HTTP协议提交数据到服务器,实现如下面表单提交功能:
* <FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://192.168.0.200:8080/ssi/fileload/test.do" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name">
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="id">
<input type="file" name="imagefile"/>
<input type="file" name="zip"/>
</FORM>
* @param path 上传路径(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试，
* 因为它会指向手机模拟器，你可以使用http://www.baidu.com或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试)
* @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值
* @param file 上传文件
*/
public static boolean post(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files) throws Exception
{
//数据分隔线
final String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------7da2137580612";
//数据结束标志"---------------------------7da2137580612--"
final String endline = "--" + BOUNDARY + "--/r/n";
//下面两个for循环都是为了得到数据长度参数，依据表单的类型而定
//首先得到文件类型数据的总长度(包括文件分割线)
int fileDataLength = 0;
for(FormFile uploadFile : files)
{
StringBuilder fileExplain = new StringBuilder();
fileExplain.append("--");
fileExplain.append(BOUNDARY);
fileExplain.append("/r/n");
fileExplain.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=/""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"/";filename=/""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "/"/r/n");
fileExplain.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"/r/n/r/n");
fileExplain.append("/r/n");
fileDataLength += fileExplain.length();
if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){
fileDataLength += uploadFile.getFile().length();
}else{
fileDataLength += uploadFile.getData().length;
}
}
//再构造文本类型参数的实体数据
StringBuilder textEntity = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet())
{
textEntity.append("--");
textEntity.append(BOUNDARY);
textEntity.append("/r/n");
textEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=/""+ entry.getKey() + "/"/r/n/r/n");
textEntity.append(entry.getValue());
textEntity.append("/r/n");
}
//计算传输给服务器的实体数据总长度(文本总长度+数据总长度+分隔符)
int dataLength = textEntity.toString().getBytes().length + fileDataLength + endline.getBytes().length;
URL url = new URL(path);
//默认端口号其实可以不写
int port = url.getPort()==-1 ? 80 : url.getPort();
//建立一个Socket链接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName(url.getHost()), port);
//获得一个输出流（从Android流到web）
OutputStream outStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//下面完成HTTP请求头的发送
String requestmethod = "POST "+ url.getPath()+" HTTP/1.1/r/n";
outStream.write(requestmethod.getBytes());
//构建accept
String accept = "Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*/r/n";
outStream.write(accept.getBytes());
//构建language
String language = "Accept-Language: zh-CN/r/n";
outStream.write(language.getBytes());
//构建contenttype
String contenttype = "Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="+ BOUNDARY+ "/r/n";
outStream.write(contenttype.getBytes());
//构建contentlength
String contentlength = "Content-Length: "+ dataLength + "/r/n";
outStream.write(contentlength.getBytes());
//构建alive
String alive = "Connection: Keep-Alive/r/n";
outStream.write(alive.getBytes());
//构建host
String host = "Host: "+ url.getHost() +":"+ port +"/r/n";
outStream.write(host.getBytes());
//写完HTTP请求头后根据HTTP协议再写一个回车换行
outStream.write("/r/n".getBytes());
//把所有文本类型的实体数据发送出来
outStream.write(textEntity.toString().getBytes());
//把所有文件类型的实体数据发送出来
for(FormFile uploadFile : files)
{
StringBuilder fileEntity = new StringBuilder();
fileEntity.append("--");
fileEntity.append(BOUNDARY);
fileEntity.append("/r/n");
fileEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=/""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"/";filename=/""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "/"/r/n");
fileEntity.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"/r/n/r/n");
outStream.write(fileEntity.toString().getBytes());
//边读边写
if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null)
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = uploadFile.getInStream().read(buffer, 0, 1024))!=-1)
{
outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
uploadFile.getInStream().close();
}
else
{
outStream.write(uploadFile.getData(), 0, uploadFile.getData().length);
}
outStream.write("/r/n".getBytes());
}
//下面发送数据结束标志，表示数据已经结束
outStream.write(endline.getBytes());
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
//读取web服务器返回的数据，判断请求码是否为200，如果不是200，代表请求失败
if(reader.readLine().indexOf("200")==-1)
{
return false;
}
outStream.flush();
outStream.close();
reader.close();
socket.close();
return true;
}
/**
* 提交数据到服务器
* @param path 上传路径(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试，因为它会指向手机模拟器，你可以使用http://www.baidu.com或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试)
* @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值
* @param file 上传文件
*/
public static boolean post(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file) throws Exception
{
return post(path, params, new FormFile[]{file});
}
/**
* 提交数据到服务器
* @param path 上传路径(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试，因为它会指向手机模拟器，你可以使用http://www.baidu.com或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试)
* @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值
* @param encode 编码
*/
public static byte[] postFromHttpClient(String path, Map<String, String> params, String encode) throws Exception
{
//用于存放请求参数
List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet())
{
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, encode);
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(path);
httppost.setEntity(entity);
//看作是浏览器
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
//发送post请求
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
return readStream(response.getEntity().getContent());
}
/**
* 发送请求
* @param path 请求路径
* @param params 请求参数 key为参数名称 value为参数值
* @param encode 请求参数的编码
*/
public static byte[] post(String path, Map<String, String> params, String encode) throws Exception
{
//String params = "method=save&name="+ URLEncoder.encode("老毕", "UTF-8")+ "&age=28&";//需要发送的参数
StringBuilder parambuilder = new StringBuilder("");
if(params!=null && !params.isEmpty())
{
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet())
{
parambuilder.append(entry.getKey()).append("=")
.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), encode)).append("&");
}
parambuilder.deleteCharAt(parambuilder.length()-1);
}
byte[] data = parambuilder.toString().getBytes();
URL url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
//设置允许对外发送请求参数
conn.setDoOutput(true);
//设置不进行缓存
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
//下面设置http请求头
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
//发送参数
DataOutputStream outStream = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
outStream.write(data);//把参数发送出去
outStream.flush();
outStream.close();
if(conn.getResponseCode()==200)
{
return readStream(conn.getInputStream());
}
return null;
}
/**
* 读取流
* @param inStream
* @return 字节数组
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] readStream(InputStream inStream) throws Exception
{
ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = -1;
while( (len=inStream.read(buffer)) != -1)
{
outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
outSteam.close();
inStream.close();
return outSteam.toByteArray();
}
}
public class StreamTool
{
/**
* 从输入流读取数据
* @param inStream
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] readInputStream(InputStream inStream) throws Exception{
ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while( (len = inStream.read(buffer)) !=-1 ){
outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
outSteam.close();
inStream.close();
return outSteam.toByteArray();
}
}
/**
* 使用JavaBean封装上传文件数据
*
*/
public class FormFile
{
//上传文件的数据
private byte[] data;
private InputStream inStream;
private File file;
//文件名称
private String filname;
//请求参数名称
private String parameterName;
//内容类型
private String contentType = "application/octet-stream";
/**
* 上传小文件，把文件数据先读入内存
* @param filname
* @param data
* @param parameterName
* @param contentType
*/
public FormFile(String filname, byte[] data, String parameterName, String contentType)
{
this.data = data;
this.filname = filname;
this.parameterName = parameterName;
if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;
}
/**
* 上传大文件，一边读文件数据一边上传
* @param filname
* @param file
* @param parameterName
* @param contentType
*/
public FormFile(String filname, File file, String parameterName, String contentType)
{
this.filname = filname;
this.parameterName = parameterName;
this.file = file;
try
{
this.inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;
}
public File getFile()
{
return file;
}
public InputStream getInStream()
{
return inStream;
}
public byte[] getData()
{
return data;
}
public String getFilname()
{
return filname;
}
public void setFilname(String filname)
{
this.filname = filname;
}
public String getParameterName()
{
return parameterName;
}
public void setParameterName(String parameterName)
{
this.parameterName = parameterName;
}
public String getContentType()
{
return contentType;
}
public void setContentType(String contentType)
{
this.contentType = contentType;
}
}
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