android 网络编程之网络通信几种方式实例分享
作者：
如今，手机应用渗透到各行各业，数量难以计数，其中大多数应用都会使用到网络，与服务器的交互势不可挡，那么android当中访问网络有哪些方式呢？
现在总结了六种方式：
（1）针对TCP/IP的Socket、ServerSocket
（2）针对UDP的DatagramSocket、DatagramPackage。这里需要注意的是，考虑到Android设备通常是手持终端,IP都是随着上网进行分配的。不是固定的。因此开发也是有一点与普通互联网应用有所差异的。
（3）针对直接URL的HttpURLConnection。
（4）Google集成了Apache HTTP客户端，可使用HTTP进行网络编程。
（5）使用WebService。Android可以通过开源包如jackson去支持Xmlrpc和Jsonrpc,另外也可以用Ksoap2去实现Webservice。
（6）直接使用WebView视图组件显示网页。基于WebView 进行开发，Google已经提供了一个基于chrome-lite的Web浏览器，直接就可以进行上网浏览网页。
一、socket与serverSocket
客户端代码
public class TestNetworkActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private Button connectBtn;
private Button sendBtn;
private TextView showView;
private EditText msgText;
private Socket socket;
private Handler handler;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.test_network_main);
connectBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_btn_connect);
sendBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_btn_send);
showView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_tv_show);
msgText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_et_msg);
connectBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
sendBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
handler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
String data = msg.getData().getString("msg");
showView.setText("来自服务器的消息:"+data);
}
};
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//连接服务器
if(v == connectBtn){
connectServer();
}
//发送消息
if(v == sendBtn){
String msg = msgText.getText().toString();
send(msg);
}
}
/**
*连接服务器的方法
*/
public void connectServer(){
try {
socket = new Socket("192.168.1.100",4000);
System.out.println("连接服务器成功");
recevie();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("连接服务器失败"+e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
*发送消息的方法
*/
public void send(String msg){
try {
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
ps.println(msg);
ps.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
*读取服务器传回的方法
*/
public void recevie(){
new Thread(){
public void run(){
while(true){
try {
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String str = br.readLine();
Message message = new Message();
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("msg", str);
message.setData(bundle);
handler.sendMessage(message);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}.start();
}
}
二、RUL、URLConnection、httpURLConnection、ApacheHttp、WebView
public class TestURLActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private Button connectBtn;
private Button urlConnectionBtn;
private Button httpUrlConnectionBtn;
private Button httpClientBtn;
private ImageView showImageView;
private TextView showTextView;
private WebView webView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.test_url_main);
connectBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_connect);
urlConnectionBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_urlconnection);
httpUrlConnectionBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_httpurlconnection);
httpClientBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_httpclient);
showImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_iv_show);
showTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_tv_show);
webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_wv);
connectBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
urlConnectionBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
httpUrlConnectionBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
httpClientBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 直接使用URL对象进行连接
if (v == connectBtn) {
try {
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/image.jpg");
InputStream is = url.openStream();
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
showImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 直接使用URLConnection对象进行连接
if (v == urlConnectionBtn) {
try {
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp");
URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
byte[] bs = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while ((len = is.read(bs)) != -1) {
String str = new String(bs, 0, len);
sb.append(str);
}
showTextView.setText(sb.toString());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 直接使用HttpURLConnection对象进行连接
if (v == httpUrlConnectionBtn) {
try {
URL url = new URL(
"http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp?username=abc");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url
.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
if (connection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
String message = connection.getResponseMessage();
showTextView.setText(message);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 使用ApacheHttp客户端进行连接(重要方法)
if (v == httpClientBtn) {
try {
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
// 如果是Get提交则创建HttpGet对象，否则创建HttpPost对象
// HttpGet httpGet = new
// HttpGet("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp?username=abc&pwd=321");
// post提交的方式
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(
"http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp");
// 如果是Post提交可以将参数封装到集合中传递
List dataList = new ArrayList();
dataList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "aaaaa"));
dataList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pwd", "123"));
// UrlEncodedFormEntity用于将集合转换为Entity对象
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(dataList));
// 获取相应消息
HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpPost);
// 获取消息内容
HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
// 把消息对象直接转换为字符串
String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
//showTextView.setText(content);
//通过webview来解析网页
webView.loadDataWithBaseURL(null, content, "text/html", "utf-8", null);
//给点url来进行解析
//webView.loadUrl(url);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
三、使用webService
public class LoginActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private Button loginBtn;
private static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://192.168.1.100:8080/loginservice/LoginServicePort";
private static final String NAMESPACE = "http://service.lovo.com/";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.login_main);
loginBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.login_main_btn_login);
loginBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(v == loginBtn){
//创建WebService的连接对象
HttpTransportSE httpSE = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);
//通过SOAP1.1协议对象得到envelop
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelop = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
//根据命名空间和方法名来创建SOAP对象
SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, "validate");
//向调用方法传递参数
soapObject.addProperty("arg0", "abc");
soapObject.addProperty("arg1","123");
//将SoapObject对象设置为SoapSerializationEnvelope对象的传出SOAP消息
envelop.bodyOut = soapObject;
try {
//开始调用远程的方法
httpSE.call(null, envelop);
//得到远程方法返回的SOAP对象
SoapObject resultObj = (SoapObject) envelop.bodyIn;
//根据名为return的键来获取里面的值，这个值就是方法的返回值
String returnStr = resultObj.getProperty("return").toString();
Toast.makeText(this, "返回值："+returnStr, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}