Spring Boot 接口加解密功能实现
作者:mry6
介绍
在我们日常的Java开发中,免不了和其他系统的业务交互,或者微服务之间的接口调用;如果我们想保证数据传输的安全,对接口出参加密,入参解密。但是不想写重复代码,我们可以提供一个通用starter,提供通用加密解密功能。
基础知识
hutool-crypto加密解密工具
hutool-crypto提供了很多加密解密工具,包括对称加密,非对称加密,摘要加密等等,这不做详细介绍。
request流只能读取一次的问题
问题描述
在接口调用链中,request的请求流只能调用一次,处理之后,如果之后还需要用到请求流获取数据,就会发现数据为空。
比如使用了filter或者aop在接口处理之前,获取了request中的数据,对参数进行了校验,那么之后就不能在获取request请求流了。
解决办法
继承HttpServletRequestWrapper,将请求中的流copy一份,复写getInputStream和getReader方法供外部使用。每次调用后的getInputStream方法都是从复制出来的二进制数组中进行获取,这个二进制数组在对象存在期间一致存在。
使用Filter过滤器,在一开始,替换request为自己定义的可以多次读取流的request。
下面这样就实现了流的重复获取:
工具类(InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper):
package com.mry.springboottools.validation; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import javax.servlet.ReadListener; import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; /** * 请求流支持多次获取 */ public class InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { /** * 用于缓存输入流 */ private ByteArrayOutputStream cachedBytes; public InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) { super(request); } @Override public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { if (cachedBytes == null) { // 首次获取流时,将流放入 缓存输入流 中 cacheInputStream(); } // 从 缓存输入流 中获取流并返回 return new CachedServletInputStream(cachedBytes.toByteArray()); } @Override public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException { return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream())); } /** * 首次获取流时,将流放入 缓存输入流 中 */ private void cacheInputStream() throws IOException { // 缓存输入流以便多次读取。为了方便, 我使用 org.apache.commons IOUtils cachedBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); IOUtils.copy(super.getInputStream(), cachedBytes); } /** * 读取缓存的请求正文的输入流 * <p> * 用于根据 缓存输入流 创建一个可返回的 */ public static class CachedServletInputStream extends ServletInputStream { private final ByteArrayInputStream input; public CachedServletInputStream(byte[] buf) { // 从缓存的请求正文创建一个新的输入流 input = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf); } @Override public boolean isFinished() { return false; } @Override public boolean isReady() { return false; } @Override public void setReadListener(ReadListener listener) { } @Override public int read() throws IOException { return input.read(); } } }
Filter过滤器(HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter):
package com.mry.springboottools.validation; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.IOException; import static org.springframework.core.Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE; /** * @author * @description: 请求流转换为多次读取的请求流 过滤器 */ @Component @Order(HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1) // 优先级最高 public class HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter implements Filter { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { // 转换为可以多次获取流的request HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request; InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper = new InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(httpServletRequest); // 放行 chain.doFilter(inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper, response); } }
SpringBoot的参数校验validation
为了减少接口中,业务代码之前的大量冗余的参数校验代码
SpringBoot-validation提供了优雅的参数校验,入参都是实体类,在实体类字段上加上对应注解,就可以在进入方法之前,进行参数校验,如果参数错误,会抛出错误BindException,是不会进入方法的。
这种方法,必须要求在接口参数上加注解@Validated或者是@Valid
但是很多清空下,我们希望在代码中调用某个实体类的校验功能,所以需要如下工具类。
package com.mry.springboottools.validation; import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation; import javax.validation.Validation; import javax.validation.Validator; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; /** * @author * @description 验证工具类 */ public class ValidationUtils { private static final Validator VALIDATOR = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory().getValidator(); /** * 验证数据 * @param object 数据 */ public static void validate(Object object) throws CustomizeException { Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object); // 验证结果异常 throwParamException(validate); } /** * 验证数据(分组) * @param object 数据 * @param groups 所在组 */ public static void validate(Object object, Class<?> ... groups) throws CustomizeException { Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object, groups); // 验证结果异常 throwParamException(validate); } /** * 验证数据中的某个字段(分组) * @param object 数据 * @param propertyName 字段名称 */ public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName) throws CustomizeException { Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName); // 验证结果异常 throwParamException(validate); } /** * 验证数据中的某个字段(分组) * @param object 数据 * @param propertyName 字段名称 * @param groups 所在组 */ public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName, Class<?> ... groups) throws CustomizeException { Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName, groups); // 验证结果异常 throwParamException(validate); } /** * 验证结果异常 * @param validate 验证结果 */ private static void throwParamException(Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate) throws CustomizeException { if (validate.size() > 0) { List<String> fieldList = new LinkedList<>(); List<String> msgList = new LinkedList<>(); for (ConstraintViolation<Object> next : validate) { fieldList.add(next.getPropertyPath().toString()); msgList.add(next.getMessage()); } throw new ParamException(fieldList, msgList); } } }
自定义参数异常:
package com.mry.springboottools.validation; import lombok.Getter; import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils; import java.util.List; /** * @author * @description 自定义参数异常 */ @Getter public class ParamException extends CustomizeException { private List<String> fieldList; private List<String> msgList; public ParamException(String message) { super(message); } public ParamException(String message, Throwable cause) { super(message, cause); } public ParamException(List<String> fieldList, List<String> msgList) throws CustomizeException { super(generatorMessage(fieldList, msgList)); this.fieldList = fieldList; this.msgList = msgList; } public ParamException(List<String> fieldList, List<String> msgList, Exception ex) throws CustomizeException { super(generatorMessage(fieldList, msgList), ex); this.fieldList = fieldList; this.msgList = msgList; } private static String generatorMessage(List<String> fieldList, List<String> msgList) throws CustomizeException { if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(fieldList) || CollectionUtils.isEmpty(msgList) || fieldList.size() != msgList.size()) { return "参数错误"; } StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < fieldList.size(); i++) { String field = fieldList.get(i); String msg = msgList.get(i); if (i == fieldList.size() - 1) { message.append(field).append(":").append(msg); } else { message.append(field).append(":").append(msg).append(","); } } return message.toString(); } }
自定义异常:
package com.mry.springboottools.validation; /** * @author * @description: 自定义异常 */ public class CustomizeException extends Exception { public CustomizeException(String message, Throwable cause) { super(message, cause); } public CustomizeException(String message) { super(message); } }
自定义starter
自定义starter步骤:
1.创建工厂,编写功能代码;
2.声明自动配置类,把需要对外提供的对象创建好,通过配置类统一向外暴露;
3.在resource目录下准备一个名为spring/spring.factories的文件,以org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration为key,自动配置类为value列表,进行注册;
RequestBodyAdvice和ResponseBodyAdvice
1.RequestBodyAdvice是对请求的json串进行处理, 一般使用环境是处理接口参数的自动解密;
2.ResponseBodyAdvice是对请求响应的json传进行处理,一般用于相应结果的加密;
功能介绍
接口数据的时候,返回的是加密之后的数据 接口入参的时候,接收的是解密之后的数据,但是在进入接口之前,加密的会自动解密,取得对应的数据。
功能细节
加密解密使用对称加密的AES算法,使用hutool-crypto模块进行实现
所有的实体类提取一个公共父类,包含属性时间戳,用于加密数据返回之后的实效性,如果超过60分钟,那么其他接口将不进行处理。
如果接口加了加密注解EncryptionAnnotation,并且返回统一的json数据Result类,则自动对数据进行加密。如果是继承了统一父类RequestBase的数据,自动注入时间戳,确保数据的时效性。
如果接口加了解密注解DecryptionAnnotation,并且参数使用RequestBody注解标注,传入json使用统一格式RequestData类,并且内容是继承了包含时间长的父类RequestBase,则自动解密,并且转为对应的数据类型。
功能提供Springboot的starter,实现开箱即用。
代码实现
项目结构
crypto-common
crypto-spring-boot-starter 代码结构
核心代码
crypto.properties AES需要的参数配置
# \u6A21\u5F0F cn.hutool.crypto.Mode crypto.mode=CTS # \u8865\u7801\u65B9\u5F0F cn.hutool.crypto.Mode crypto.padding=PKCS5Padding # \u79D8\u94A5 crypto.key=testkey123456789 # \u76D0 crypto.iv=testiv1234567890
spring.factories 自动配置文件
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ com.mry.crypto.config.AppConfig
CryptConfig AES需要的配置参数
package com.mry.crypto.config; import cn.hutool.crypto.Mode; import cn.hutool.crypto.Padding; import lombok.Data; import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode; import lombok.Getter; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource; import java.io.Serializable; /** * @author * @description: AES需要的配置参数 */ @Configuration @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "crypto") @PropertySource("classpath:crypto.properties") @Data @EqualsAndHashCode @Getter public class CryptConfig implements Serializable { private Mode mode; private Padding padding; private String key; private String iv; }
AppConfig 自动配置类
package com.mry.crypto.config; import cn.hutool.crypto.symmetric.AES; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import javax.annotation.Resource; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; /** * @author * @description: 自动配置类 */ @Configuration public class AppConfig { @Resource private CryptConfig cryptConfig; @Bean public AES aes() { return new AES(cryptConfig.getMode(), cryptConfig.getPadding(), cryptConfig.getKey().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), cryptConfig.getIv().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); } } package com.mry.crypto.config; import cn.hutool.crypto.symmetric.AES; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import javax.annotation.Resource; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; /** * @author * @description: 自动配置类 */ @Configuration public class AppConfig { @Resource private CryptConfig cryptConfig; @Bean public AES aes() { return new AES(cryptConfig.getMode(), cryptConfig.getPadding(), cryptConfig.getKey().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), cryptConfig.getIv().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); } }
DecryptRequestBodyAdvice 请求自动解密
package com.mry.crypto.advice; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.mry.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation; import com.mry.crypto.common.exception.ParamException; import com.mry.crypto.constant.CryptoConstant; import com.mry.crypto.entity.RequestBase; import com.mry.crypto.entity.RequestData; import com.mry.crypto.util.AESUtil; import lombok.SneakyThrows; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter; import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage; import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder; import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestBodyAdvice; import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.Type; /** * @author * @description: requestBody 自动解密 */ @ControllerAdvice public class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice { @Autowired private ObjectMapper objectMapper; /** * 方法上有DecryptionAnnotation注解的,进入此拦截器 * @param methodParameter 方法参数对象 * @param targetType 参数的类型 * @param converterType 消息转换器 * @return true,进入,false,跳过 */ @Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { return methodParameter.hasMethodAnnotation(DecryptionAnnotation.class); } @Override public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException { return inputMessage; } /** * 转换之后,执行此方法,解密,赋值 * @param body spring解析完的参数 * @param inputMessage 输入参数 * @param parameter 参数对象 * @param targetType 参数类型 * @param converterType 消息转换类型 * @return 真实的参数 */ @SneakyThrows @Override public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { // 获取request RequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes; if (servletRequestAttributes == null) { throw new ParamException("request错误"); } HttpServletRequest request = servletRequestAttributes.getRequest(); // 获取数据 ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream(); RequestData requestData = objectMapper.readValue(inputStream, RequestData.class); if (requestData == null || StringUtils.isBlank(requestData.getText())) { throw new ParamException("参数错误"); } // 获取加密的数据 String text = requestData.getText(); // 放入解密之前的数据 request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_ORIGINAL_DATA, text); // 解密 String decryptText = null; try { decryptText = AESUtil.decrypt(text); } catch (Exception e) { throw new ParamException("解密失败"); } if (StringUtils.isBlank(decryptText)) { throw new ParamException("解密失败"); } // 放入解密之后的数据 request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_DECRYPT_DATA, decryptText); // 获取结果 Object result = objectMapper.readValue(decryptText, body.getClass()); // 强制所有实体类必须继承RequestBase类,设置时间戳 if (result instanceof RequestBase) { // 获取时间戳 Long currentTimeMillis = ((RequestBase) result).getCurrentTimeMillis(); // 有效期 60秒 long effective = 60*1000; // 时间差 long expire = System.currentTimeMillis() - currentTimeMillis; // 是否在有效期内 if (Math.abs(expire) > effective) { throw new ParamException("时间戳不合法"); } // 返回解密之后的数据 return result; } else { throw new ParamException(String.format("请求参数类型:%s 未继承:%s", result.getClass().getName(), RequestBase.class.getName())); } } /** * 如果body为空,转为空对象 * @param body spring解析完的参数 * @param inputMessage 输入参数 * @param parameter 参数对象 * @param targetType 参数类型 * @param converterType 消息转换类型 * @return 真实的参数 */ @SneakyThrows @Override public Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { String typeName = targetType.getTypeName(); Class<?> bodyClass = Class.forName(typeName); return bodyClass.newInstance(); } }
EncryptResponseBodyAdvice 相应自动加密
package com.mry.crypto.advice; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.mry.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation; import com.mry.crypto.common.exception.ParamException; import com.mry.crypto.constant.CryptoConstant; import com.mry.crypto.entity.RequestBase; import com.mry.crypto.entity.RequestData; import com.mry.crypto.util.AESUtil; import lombok.SneakyThrows; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter; import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage; import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder; import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestBodyAdvice; import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.Type; /** * @author * @description: requestBody 自动解密 */ @ControllerAdvice public class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice { @Autowired private ObjectMapper objectMapper; /** * 方法上有DecryptionAnnotation注解的,进入此拦截器 * @param methodParameter 方法参数对象 * @param targetType 参数的类型 * @param converterType 消息转换器 * @return true,进入,false,跳过 */ @Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { return methodParameter.hasMethodAnnotation(DecryptionAnnotation.class); } @Override public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException { return inputMessage; } /** * 转换之后,执行此方法,解密,赋值 * @param body spring解析完的参数 * @param inputMessage 输入参数 * @param parameter 参数对象 * @param targetType 参数类型 * @param converterType 消息转换类型 * @return 真实的参数 */ @SneakyThrows @Override public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { // 获取request RequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes; if (servletRequestAttributes == null) { throw new ParamException("request错误"); } HttpServletRequest request = servletRequestAttributes.getRequest(); // 获取数据 ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream(); RequestData requestData = objectMapper.readValue(inputStream, RequestData.class); if (requestData == null || StringUtils.isBlank(requestData.getText())) { throw new ParamException("参数错误"); } // 获取加密的数据 String text = requestData.getText(); // 放入解密之前的数据 request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_ORIGINAL_DATA, text); // 解密 String decryptText = null; try { decryptText = AESUtil.decrypt(text); } catch (Exception e) { throw new ParamException("解密失败"); } if (StringUtils.isBlank(decryptText)) { throw new ParamException("解密失败"); } // 放入解密之后的数据 request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_DECRYPT_DATA, decryptText); // 获取结果 Object result = objectMapper.readValue(decryptText, body.getClass()); // 强制所有实体类必须继承RequestBase类,设置时间戳 if (result instanceof RequestBase) { // 获取时间戳 Long currentTimeMillis = ((RequestBase) result).getCurrentTimeMillis(); // 有效期 60秒 long effective = 60*1000; // 时间差 long expire = System.currentTimeMillis() - currentTimeMillis; // 是否在有效期内 if (Math.abs(expire) > effective) { throw new ParamException("时间戳不合法"); } // 返回解密之后的数据 return result; } else { throw new ParamException(String.format("请求参数类型:%s 未继承:%s", result.getClass().getName(), RequestBase.class.getName())); } } /** * 如果body为空,转为空对象 * @param body spring解析完的参数 * @param inputMessage 输入参数 * @param parameter 参数对象 * @param targetType 参数类型 * @param converterType 消息转换类型 * @return 真实的参数 */ @SneakyThrows @Override public Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { String typeName = targetType.getTypeName(); Class<?> bodyClass = Class.forName(typeName); return bodyClass.newInstance(); } }
crypto-test 代码结构
核心代码
application.yml 配置文件
spring: mvc: format: date-time: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss date: yyyy-MM-dd # 日期格式化 jackson: date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss time-zone: GMT+8 server: port: 9999
Teacher 实体类
package com.mry.crypto.entity; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range; import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Date; /** * @author * @description: Teacher实体类,使用SpringBoot的validation校验 */ @Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true) public class Teacher extends RequestBase implements Serializable { @NotBlank(message = "姓名不能为空") private String name; @NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空") @Range(min = 0, max = 150, message = "年龄不合法") private Integer age; @NotNull(message = "生日不能为空") private Date birthday; }
TestController 测试Controller
package com.mry.crypto.controller; import com.mry.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation; import com.mry.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation; import com.mry.crypto.common.entity.Result; import com.mry.crypto.common.entity.ResultBuilder; import com.mry.crypto.entity.Teacher; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author * @description: 测试Controller */ @RestController public class TestController implements ResultBuilder { /** * 直接返回对象,不加密 * @param teacher Teacher对象 * @return 不加密的对象 */ @PostMapping("/get") public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> get(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) { return success(teacher); } /** * 返回加密后的数据 * @param teacher Teacher对象 * @return 返回加密后的数据 ResponseBody<Result>格式 */ @PostMapping("/encrypt") @EncryptionAnnotation public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> encrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) { return success(teacher); } /** * 返回加密后的数据 * @param teacher Teacher对象 * @return 返回加密后的数据 Result格式 */ @PostMapping("/encrypt1") @EncryptionAnnotation public Result<?> encrypt1(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) { return success(teacher).getBody(); } /** * 返回解密后的数据 * @param teacher Teacher对象 * @return 返回解密后的数据 */ @PostMapping("/decrypt") @DecryptionAnnotation public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> decrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) { return success(teacher); } }
验证
加密:
解密:
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