学习ahooks useRequest并实现手写
作者:冯心心爱吃肉
前言
最近业务没有之前紧张了,也是消失了一段时间,也总结了一些之前业务上的问题。
和同事沟通也是发现普通的async
+ await
+ 封装api
在复杂业务场景下针对于请求的业务逻辑比较多,也是推荐我去学习一波ahooks,由于问题起源于请求,因此作者也是直接从 useRequest
开始看起。
附ahooks useRequest
链接:
实现
话不多说,手写直接开始,参考几个比较常用的 useRequest
能力来一个个实现吧。
基础版(雏形)
先上代码:
useRequest.ts
interface UseRequestOptionsProps { /* * 请求参数 */ initialData?: object; /* * 请求成功回调 */ onSuccess?: (res: any) => void; } const useRequest = ( requestFn: ( initialData?: object | string | [], ) => Promise<SetStateAction<any>>, options: UseRequestOptionsProps, ) => { const [data, setData] = useState<SetStateAction<any>>(null); const [loading, setLoading] = useState<boolean>(false); const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null); const { initialData, onSuccess } = options; useEffect(() => { setLoading(true); setError(null); setData(null); request(); }, [requestFn]); // useRequest业务逻辑 const request = async () => { try { const res = await requestFn(initialData); setData(res); // 请求成功响应回调 onSuccess && onSuccess(res); } catch (err) { err && setError(JSON.stringify(err)); } finally { setLoading(false); } }; return { data, loading, error }; }; export default useRequest;
使用
const { data, loading, error } = useRequest( queryCompensatoryOrderSituation, { initialData: { compensatoryId, } onSuccess: (res) => { console.log('success request!', res); }, }, );
useRequest
对于请求函数的写法并无过多要求,只要是一个异步function
且返回一个promise
对象,即可传入useRequest
的第一个参数中,而第二个参数则是一系列的可选配置项,雏形版本我们暂时只支持onSuccess
。
手动触发
代码改造后:
useRequest.ts
interface UseRequestOptionsProps { /* * 手动开启 */ manual?: boolean; /* * 请求参数 */ initialData?: object; /* * 请求成功回调 */ onSuccess?: (res: any) => void; } const useRequest = ( requestFn: ( initialData?: object | string | [], ) => Promise<SetStateAction<any>>, options: UseRequestOptionsProps, ) => { const [data, setData] = useState<SetStateAction<any>>(null); const [loading, setLoading] = useState<boolean>(false); const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null); const { manual, initialData, onSuccess } = options; useEffect(() => { setLoading(true); setError(null); setData(null); !manual && request(); }, [manual]); // useRequest业务逻辑 const request = async () => { try { const res = await requestFn(initialData); setData(res); // 请求成功响应回调 onSuccess && onSuccess(res); } catch (err) { err && setError(JSON.stringify(err)); } finally { setLoading(false); } }; return { data, loading, error, request }; }; export default useRequest;
使用
const { data, loading, error, request } = useRequest( queryCompensatoryOrderSituation, { manual: true, initialData: { compensatoryId, }, onSuccess: (res) => { console.log('success request!', res); }, }, ); request();
手动执行的逻辑主要是根据manual
参数砍掉useRequest mount
阶段的渲染请求,把执行请求的能力暴露出去,在页面中去手动调用request()
来触发。
轮询与手动取消
代码改造后:
useRequest.ts
interface UseRequestOptionsProps { /* * 手动开启 */ manual?: boolean; /* * 请求参数 */ initialData?: object; /* * 轮询 */ pollingInterval?: number | null; /* * 请求成功回调 */ onSuccess?: (res: any) => void; } const useRequest = ( requestFn: ( initialData?: object | string | [], ) => Promise<SetStateAction<any>>, options: UseRequestOptionsProps, ) => { const [data, setData] = useState<SetStateAction<any>>(null); const [loading, setLoading] = useState<boolean>(false); const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null); const status = useRef<boolean>(false); const pollingIntervalTimer = useRef<NodeJS.Timer | null>(null); const { manual, initialData, pollingInterval, onSuccess } = options; useEffect(() => { setLoading(true); setError(null); setData(null); !manual && request(); }, [manual]); // useRequest业务逻辑 const request = async () => { try { !status.current && (status.current = true); if (pollingInterval && status.current) { pollingIntervalTimer.current = setTimeout(() => { status.current && request(); }, pollingInterval); } const res = await requestFn(initialData); setData(res); // 请求成功响应回调 onSuccess && onSuccess(res); } catch (err) { err && setError(JSON.stringify(err)); } finally { setLoading(false); } }; return { data, loading, error, request, cancel }; }; // 取消 const cancel = () => { if (pollingIntervalTimer.current) { clearTimeout(pollingIntervalTimer.current); pollingIntervalTimer.current = null; status.current && (status.current = false); } }; export default useRequest;
使用
const { data, loading, error, request, cancel } = useRequest( queryCompensatoryOrderSituation, { manual: true, initialData: { compensatoryId, }, pollingInterval: 1000, onSuccess: (res) => { console.log('success request!', res); }, }, ); request(); ... // 轮询到理想数据后 cancel();
轮询的支持在hook中主要用到了timer setTimeout
的递归思路,同时给出一个status
状态值判断是否在轮询中,当调用端执行cancel()
,status
则为false
;当轮询开始,则status
为true
。
而cancel()
的能力 主要也是取消了timer
的递归请求逻辑,并且轮询的业务场景和manual: true
配合很多。
依赖请求(串型请求)
代码改造后:
useRequest.ts
interface UseRequestOptionsProps { /* * 手动开启 */ manual?: boolean; /* * 请求参数 */ initialData?: object; /* * 轮询 */ pollingInterval?: number | null; /* * 准备,用于依赖请求 */ ready?: boolean; /* * 请求成功回调 */ onSuccess?: (res: any) => void; } const useRequest = ( requestFn: ( initialData?: object | string | [], ) => Promise<SetStateAction<any>>, options: UseRequestOptionsProps, ) => { const [data, setData] = useState<SetStateAction<any>>(null); const [loading, setLoading] = useState<boolean>(false); const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null); const status = useRef<boolean>(false); const pollingIntervalTimer = useRef<NodeJS.Timer | null>(null); const { manual, initialData, pollingInterval, ready = true, onSuccess, } = options; useEffect(() => { setLoading(true); setError(null); setData(null); !manual && ready && request(); }, [manual, ready]); // useRequest业务逻辑 const request = async () => { try { !status.current && (status.current = true); if (pollingInterval && status.current) { pollingIntervalTimer.current = setTimeout(() => { status.current && request(); }, pollingInterval); } const res = await requestFn(initialData); setData(res); // 请求成功响应回调 onSuccess && onSuccess(res); } catch (err) { err && setError(JSON.stringify(err)); } finally { setLoading(false); } }; return { data, loading, error, request, cancel }; }; // 取消 const cancel = () => { if (pollingIntervalTimer.current) { clearTimeout(pollingIntervalTimer.current); pollingIntervalTimer.current = null; status.current && (status.current = false); } }; export default useRequest;
使用
const [mountLoading, setMountLoading] = useState<boolean>(false); useEffect(() => { setMountLoading(true); }, [2000]) const { data, loading, error, request, cancel } = useRequest( queryCompensatoryOrderSituation, { initialData: { compensatoryId, }, pollingInterval: 1000, ready: mountLoading, onSuccess: (res) => { console.log('success request!', res); }, }, );
依赖请求的思路就是在hook
中加入一个ready
字段,也是在基于manual
一层的限制后又加了一层,来判断是否在hook
加载时是否做默认请求,而当option
中的ready
更新(为true)时,hook自动更新从而发起请求。
常用于页面中A请求完成后执行B请求,B请求的ready
字段依赖于A请求的data
/loading
字段。
防抖与节流
防抖和节流的实现比较简单,依赖于lodash
库,包装了一下request
函数的请求内容。
代码如下:
useRequest.ts
interface UseRequestOptionsProps { /* * 手动开启 */ manual?: boolean; /* * 请求参数 */ initialData?: object; /* * 轮询 */ pollingInterval?: number | null; /* * 准备,用于依赖请求 */ ready?: boolean; /* * 防抖 */ debounceInterval?: number; /* * 节流 */ throttleInterval?: number; /* * 请求成功回调 */ onSuccess?: (res: any) => void; } const useRequest = ( requestFn: ( initialData?: object | string | [], ) => Promise<SetStateAction<any>>, options: UseRequestOptionsProps, ) => { const [data, setData] = useState<SetStateAction<any>>(null); const [loading, setLoading] = useState<boolean>(false); const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null); const status = useRef<boolean>(false); const pollingIntervalTimer = useRef<NodeJS.Timer | null>(null); const { manual, initialData, pollingInterval, ready = true, debounceInterval, throttleInterval onSuccess, } = options; useEffect(() => { setLoading(true); setError(null); setData(null); !manual && ready && request(); }, [manual, ready]); // 请求 const request = () => { if (debounceInterval) { lodash.debounce(requestDoing, debounceInterval)(); } else if (throttleInterval) { lodash.throttle(requestDoing, throttleInterval)(); } else { requestDoing(); } }; // useRequest业务逻辑 const requestDoing = async () => { try { !status.current && (status.current = true); if (pollingInterval && status.current) { pollingIntervalTimer.current = setTimeout(() => { status.current && request(); }, pollingInterval); } const res = await requestFn(initialData); setData(res); // 请求成功响应回调 onSuccess && onSuccess(res); } catch (err) { err && setError(JSON.stringify(err)); } finally { setLoading(false); } }; // 取消 const cancel = () => { if (pollingIntervalTimer.current) { clearTimeout(pollingIntervalTimer.current); pollingIntervalTimer.current = null; status.current && (status.current = false); } }; export default useRequest;
使用
const { data, loading, error, request, cancel } = useRequest( queryCompensatoryOrderSituation, { manual: true, initialData: { compensatoryId, }, debounceInterval: 1000, // 防抖 throttleInterval: 1000, // 节流 onSuccess: (res) => { console.log('success request!', res); }, }, ); for(let i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { request(); }
在hook
中,通过lodash.debounce/lodash.throttle
来包装request
函数主体,通过option
中的判断来执行对应的包装体函数。
缓存与依赖更新
改造后的代码(最终代码)如下:
useRequest.ts
import { useState, useEffect, useRef, SetStateAction, useCallback, } from 'react'; import lodash from 'lodash'; interface UseRequestOptionsProps { /* * 手动开启 */ manual?: boolean; /* * 请求参数 */ initialData?: object; /* * 轮询 */ pollingInterval?: number | null; /* * 准备,用于依赖请求 */ ready?: boolean; /* * 防抖 */ debounceInterval?: number; /* * 节流 */ throttleInterval?: number; /* * 延迟loading为true的时间 */ loadingDelay?: number; /* * 依赖 */ refreshDeps?: any[]; /* * 请求成功回调 */ onSuccess?: (res: any) => void; } const useRequest = ( requestFn: ( initialData?: object | string | [], ) => Promise<SetStateAction<any>>, options: UseRequestOptionsProps, ) => { const [data, setData] = useState<SetStateAction<any>>(null); const [loading, setLoading] = useState<boolean>(false); const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null); const status = useRef<boolean>(false); const pollingIntervalTimer = useRef<NodeJS.Timer | null>(null); const { manual, initialData, pollingInterval, ready = true, debounceInterval, throttleInterval, loadingDelay, refreshDeps, onSuccess, } = options; useEffect(() => { if (loadingDelay) { setTimeout(() => { status && setLoading(true); }, loadingDelay); } setError(null); setData(null); // 手动触发request !manual && ready && request(); }, [manual, ready, ...(Array.isArray(refreshDeps) ? refreshDeps : [])]); // 请求 const request = () => { if (debounceInterval) { lodash.debounce(requestDoing, debounceInterval)(); } else if (throttleInterval) { lodash.throttle(requestDoing, throttleInterval)(); } else { requestDoing(); } }; // useRequest业务逻辑 const requestDoing = async () => { try { !status.current && (status.current = true); if (pollingInterval && status.current) { pollingIntervalTimer.current = setTimeout(() => { status.current && request(); }, pollingInterval); } const res = await requestFn(initialData); setData(res); // 请求成功响应回调 onSuccess && onSuccess(res); } catch (err) { err && setError(JSON.stringify(err)); } finally { setLoading(false); } }; // 取消 const cancel = () => { if (pollingIntervalTimer.current) { clearTimeout(pollingIntervalTimer.current); pollingIntervalTimer.current = null; status.current && (status.current = false); } }; // 缓存 const cachedFetchData = useCallback(() => data, [data]); return { data, loading, error, request, cancel, cachedFetchData }; }; export default useRequest;
使用
const [mountLoading, setMountLoading] = useState<boolean>(false); const [updateLoading, setUpdateLoading] = useState<boolean>(false); setTimeout(() => { setMountLoading(true); }, 1000); setTimeout(() => { setUpdateLoading(true); }, 2000); const { data, loading, error, request, cancel, cachedFetchData } = useRequest( queryCompensatoryOrderSituation, { manual: true, initialData: { compensatoryId, }, debounceInterval: 1000, // 防抖 throttleInterval: 1000, // 节流 refreshDeps: [mountLoading, updateLoading], onSuccess: (res) => { console.log('success request!', res); }, }, );
缓存的主体思路是在useRequest
中拿到第一次数据后通过useCallback
来透出data
依赖来保存,同时向外暴露一个cachedFetchData
来过渡data
从null
到请求到接口数据的过程。
依赖更新的思路则是在页面中给useRequest
一系列依赖状态一并加入在hook
的请求副作用中,监听到页面中依赖改变,则重新请求,具体实现则是refreshDeps
参数。
结尾
花了一上午时间,一个简易版本的useRequest
实现了,也是通过实现学习到了一些请求思路,在业务复杂的场景下也是很需要这类请求工具来让开发者的注意力从请求处理转移集中在业务逻辑中。
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