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基于WPF实现经典纸牌游戏

作者：微小冷

这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了如何溧阳WPF实现经典纸牌游戏，文中的示例代码讲解详细，对我们学习WPF有一定的帮助，需要的可以参考一下

1 纸牌类

之所以产生这个无聊至极的念头，是因为发现Unicode中竟然有这种字符。。。

这就意味着不用任何资源就可以实现一些纸牌游戏，效果如下图所示

这就意味着不用任何资源就可以实现一些纸牌游戏，效果如下图所示

#region 常量
private static readonly Dictionary<string, string[]> CardNames = new Dictionary<string, string[]>{
{"Spade", new string[13]{"🂡","🂢","🂣","🂤","🂥","🂦","🂧","🂨","🂩","🂪","🂫","🂭","🂮" } },
{"Heart", new string[13]{"🂱", "🂲", "🂳", "🂴", "🂵", "🂶", "🂷", "🂸", "🂹", "🂺", "🂻", "🂽", "🂾" } },
{"Diamond", new string[13]{"🃁", "🃂", "🃃", "🃄", "🃅", "🃆", "🃇", "🃈", "🃉", "🃊", "🃋", "🃍", "🃎" } },
{"Club" , new string[13]{"🃑", "🃒", "🃓", "🃔", "🃕", "🃖", "🃗", "🃘", "🃙", "🃚", "🃛", "🃝", "🃞"}}
};
#endregion

#region 卡牌类型
private class Card
{
	public Card(string name, int number, string type, bool red, int index)
	{
		Name =name;
		Number = number;
		Type = type;
		Red = red;
		Index = index;
	}

	public int Index;
	public string Name;
	public int Number;
	public bool Red;
	public string Type;
	public int Region;
}
#endregion

在实现了纸牌类之后，将每个纸牌放到一个Button的Tag中，然后再 为Button添加各种事件，就能实现这个游戏了。

2 布局

由于是动态布局，所以建议使用Canvas，xaml界面十分简洁，除了一个刷新按钮，剩下的就只有画布了。

    <StackPanel>
        <ToolBar DockPanel.Dock="Top" Margin="0 0 0 20">
            <Button Content="🔄" Click="btnUpdate_Click"/>
        </ToolBar>
        <Canvas x:Name="cvMain" Height="400"/>

    </StackPanel>

经典纸牌游戏大致可以分为12个区域，如图所示

这些个区域就可决定纸牌的位置，所以需要一个用来存放区间信息的变量

private List<int>[] cardIndex;

cardIndex是由12个List<int>组成的数组，然后每个Button的位置用下面的方式来设定

private void setBtnPosition(Button btn, int region)
{
    Canvas.SetLeft(btn, region % 6 * dw);
    Canvas.SetTop(btn, region / 6 * dh);
    Canvas.SetZIndex(btn, cardIndex[region].Count);
}

其中，SetLeft即控件据Canvas左端的距离，可以理解为x坐标；dw，dh为全局变量，用来存放每个区间的尺寸。SetTop对应的为y坐标。SetZIndex表示层级关系，值越大则越在上面。

3 初始化

初始化需要一个随机数组，目的是将牌打散。这里用了一个非常Low的方案，即生成随机数，然后交换自然序列中两个随机数所在位置的值。

private int[] RandomArray(int length)
{
    int[] arr = new int[length];
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
        arr[i] = i;
    int times = rand.Next(10, 100);
    for (int i = 0; i < times; i++)
    {
        int a = rand.Next(0, length - 1);
        int b = rand.Next(0, length - 1);
        var temp = arr[a];
        arr[a] = arr[b];
        arr[b] = temp;
    }
    return arr;
}

接下来就是初始化代码，这里按照平时发牌的顺序，先生成这个区域的纸牌

然后再生成牌堆。

public void InitCards()
{
    cvMain.Children.Clear();
    cards = new List<Card>();
    cardIndex = new List<int>[12];          //所有的扑克被划分为12个区域
    for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
        cardIndex[i] = new List<int>();

    int index = 0;
    foreach (var key in CardNames.Keys)
        for (int i = 0; i < 13; i++)
            cards.Add(new Card(CardNames[key][i], i, key,
                key == "Heart" || key == "Diamond", index++));
    
    var orders = RandomArray(52);

    index = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
        for (int j = i; j < 6; j++)
        {
            var card = cards[orders[index++]];
            cardIndex[6 + j].Add(cvMain.Children.Count);
            var btn = setOneButton(card);
            if (i == j)
            {
                coverCard(btn, false);      //当i==j时翻面
                SetOneColumn(i);
            }
            card.Region = 6 + j;
            setBtnPosition(btn, card.Region);
        }

    while (index<52)
    {
        var card = cards[orders[index++]];
        cardIndex[0].Add(cvMain.Children.Count);
        var btn = setOneButton(card);
        card.Region = 0;
        setBtnPosition(btn, 0);
        btn.Click += Card_Click;
    }
}

其中，SetOneColumn用于下面牌的上下排序，定义为

private void SetOneColumn(int region)
{
    var count = cardIndex[region].Count;
    var left = (region - 6) * dw;
    var top0 = dh;
    int i = 0;
    var ddh = (0.8 + 2.5 * count / 15) * dh / count;
    foreach (var index in cardIndex[region])
    {
        var btn = cvMain.Children[index];
        Canvas.SetLeft(btn, left);
        Canvas.SetTop(btn, top0 + ddh * (i++));
        Canvas.SetZIndex(btn, i);
    }
}

4 事件

针对纸牌游戏来说，鼠标事件可分为两类，一是点击牌堆需要发牌；二是拖动其他位置的牌。

点击牌堆

点击牌堆需要注意，当牌堆中的牌没有了之后，需要将1区的牌还给牌堆。

private void Card_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    var btn = sender as Button;
    var card = btn.Tag as Card;
    if (card.Region > 0)
        return;

    var count = cardIndex[0].Count;
    var num = Math.Min(count, numCard);
    for (int _ = 0; _ < num; _++)
    {
        var index = cardIndex[0][count - num];      //canvas中的顺序
        cardIndex[0].Remove(index);
        cardIndex[1].Add(index);

        btn = cvMain.Children[index] as Button;
        btn.Click -= Card_Click;
        btn.PreviewMouseLeftButtonDown += Card_PreviewLeftDown;
        coverCard(btn, false);
        setBtnPosition(btn, 1);
        card = btn.Tag as Card;
        card.Region = 1;
    }

    if (cardIndex[0].Count > 0 || cardIndex[1].Count <= numCard)
        return;

    foreach (var index in cardIndex[1])
    {
        cardIndex[0].Add(index);
        btn = cvMain.Children[index] as Button;
        btn.Click += Card_Click;
        btn.PreviewMouseLeftButtonDown -= Card_PreviewLeftDown;
        coverCard(btn, true);
        setBtnPosition(btn, 0);
        card = btn.Tag as Card;
        card.Region = 0;
    }
    cardIndex[1] = new List<int>();
}

拖动

拖动主要包含三个动作，即鼠标按下、鼠标挪动、鼠标弹开，所以对应三个函数，且当鼠标按下之后，才挂载鼠标挪动的事件。而鼠标弹起之后，则判断我们拖动的牌的最终位置。

private void Card_PreviewLeftDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
    btnNow = sender as Button;
    if (btnNow.Content.ToString() == bgCard)
        return;
    var card = btnNow.Tag as Card;
    regionNow = cardIndex[card.Region];
    indexNow = regionNow.IndexOf(
        cvMain.Children.IndexOf(btnNow));

    var count = regionNow.Count;
    offsets = new List<Point>();
    for (int i = indexNow; i < count; i++)
    {
        var btn = cvMain.Children[regionNow[i]] as Button;
        offsets.Add(Mouse.GetPosition(btn));
        Canvas.SetZIndex(btnNow, 100 + i);
    }

    btnNow.PreviewMouseLeftButtonUp += Card_PreviewLeftUp;
    btnNow.PreviewMouseMove += Card_PreviewMouseMove;
}

private void Card_PreviewMouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
    var p = Mouse.GetPosition(cvMain);
    for (int i = indexNow; i < regionNow.Count; i++)
    {
        var btn = cvMain.Children[regionNow[i]] as Button;
        Canvas.SetLeft(btn, p.X - offsets[i - indexNow].X);
        Canvas.SetTop(btn, p.Y - offsets[i - indexNow].Y);
    }
}

private void Card_PreviewLeftUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{

    btnNow.PreviewMouseLeftButtonUp -= Card_PreviewLeftUp;
    btnNow.PreviewMouseMove -= Card_PreviewMouseMove;

    var p = Mouse.GetPosition(cvMain);
    int region = (int)(p.X / dw) + (p.Y > dh ? 6 : 0);
    var index = cardIndex[region].Count - 1;        //目标区域最上面的牌的序号
    var card = btnNow.Tag as Card;
    int srcRegion = card.Region;

    //牌在挪动之后有两种可能，一种是成功了，另一种是失败了
    bool suc = region != srcRegion;     //如果挪动的区域相同，则必失败
    bool subSuc;
    suc &= region > 1;              //如果向牌堆挪动，则必失败。
    if (index < 0)
    {//A和K的情况满足任何一种即可成功
        subSuc = region > 1 && region < 6 && card.Number == 0;
        subSuc |= region > 5 && card.Number == 12;
    }
    else
    {
        var tarBtn = cvMain.Children[cardIndex[region][index]] as Button;
        var tarCard = tarBtn.Tag as Card;
        var flag = tarCard.Type == card.Type;
        var minus = card.Number - tarCard.Number;
        subSuc = region > 1 && region < 6 && flag && (minus == 1);
        subSuc |= region > 5 && (!flag) && (minus == -1);
    }
    reGroup(suc & subSuc, card, srcRegion, region);
}

牌的去留

通过reGroup函数决定牌最终的状态。

private void reGroup(bool suc, Card card, int srcRegion, int tarRegion)
{
    if (suc)
    {
        if (tarRegion > 5)
            setNewRegion(srcRegion, tarRegion);
        else
            setNewRegion(btnNow, card, srcRegion, tarRegion);
    }
    if (srcRegion < 6)
        setBtnPosition(btnNow, srcRegion);
    else
    {
        SetOneColumn(srcRegion);
        var i = regionNow.Count;
        if (i > 0)
        {
            var btn = cvMain.Children[regionNow[i - 1]] as Button;
            coverCard(btn, false);
        }
    }

}
private void setNewRegion(Button btn, Card card, int src, int tar)
{
    int i = cardIndex[src].Count - 1;
    cardIndex[tar].Add(cardIndex[src][i]);
    cardIndex[src].RemoveAt(i);
    card.Region = tar;
    setBtnPosition(btn, tar);
}

//src和tar均为大区
private void setNewRegion(int src, int tar)
{
    var count = regionNow.Count;
    for (int i = indexNow; i < count; i++)
    {
        var btn = cvMain.Children[regionNow[indexNow]] as Button;
        cardIndex[tar].Add(regionNow[indexNow]);
        regionNow.RemoveAt(indexNow);
        var card = btn.Tag as Card;
        card.Region = tar;
        Canvas.SetZIndex(btn, cardIndex[tar].Count);
    }
    SetOneColumn(tar);
    if (regionNow.Count > 0)
    {
        var btn = cvMain.Children[regionNow[indexNow - 1]] as Button;
        coverCard(btn, false);
    }

}

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