MyBatis的⾼级映射及延迟加载过程详解
作者:@每天都要敲代码
一:MyBatis的⾼级映射及延迟加载
前期准备:
模块名:mybatis-010-advanced-mapping
打包⽅式:jar
引⼊依赖:mysql驱动依赖、mybatis依赖、junit依赖、logback依赖
pojo:com.powernode.mybatis.pojo.Student和Calzz
mapper接⼝:com.powernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper和ClazzMapper
引⼊配置⽂件:mybatis-config.xml、jdbc.properties、logback.xml
mapper配置⽂件:com/powernode/mybatis/mapper/StudentMapper.xml和ClazzMapper.xml
编写测试类:com.powernode.mybatis.test.StudentMapperTest和ClazzMapperTest
拷⻉⼯具类:com.powernode.mybatis.utils.SqlSessionUtil
准备数据库表:⼀个班级对应多个学⽣:
班级表:t_clazz
学⽣表:t_student
clazz实例类
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo; /** * @Author:朗朗乾坤 * @Package:com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo * @Project:mybatis * @name:Clazz * @Date:2023/1/7 18:18 */ public class Clazz { private Integer cid; private String cname; public Clazz() { } public Clazz(Integer cid, String cname) { this.cid = cid; this.cname = cname; } @Override public String toString() { return "Clazz{" + "cid=" + cid + ", cname='" + cname + '\'' + '}'; } public Integer getCid() { return cid; } public void setCid(Integer cid) { this.cid = cid; } public String getCname() { return cname; } public void setCname(String cname) { this.cname = cname; } }
Student实体类:只定义两个字段;对于cid属性,是为了维护两者关系的属性
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo; /** * @Author:朗朗乾坤 * @Package:com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo * @Project:mybatis * @name:Student * @Date:2023/1/7 18:18 */ public class Student { private Integer sid; private String sname; public Student() { } public Student(Integer sid, String sname) { this.sid = sid; this.sname = sname; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student{" + "sid=" + sid + ", sname='" + sname + '\'' + '}'; } public Integer getSid() { return sid; } public void setSid(Integer sid) { this.sid = sid; } public String getSname() { return sname; } public void setSname(String sname) { this.sname = sname; } }
1. 多对⼀
pojo类Student中添加⼀个属性:Clazz clazz; 表示学⽣关联的班级对象,增加setter and getter方法,重写toString方法。
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo; /** * @Author:朗朗乾坤 * @Package:com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo * @Project:mybatis * @name:Student * @Date:2023/1/7 18:18 */ public class Student { // Student是多的一方 private Integer sid; private String sname; private Clazz clazz; // Clazz是一的一方 public Student() { } public Student(Integer sid, String sname) { this.sid = sid; this.sname = sname; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student{" + "sid=" + sid + ", sname='" + sname + '\'' + ", clazz=" + clazz + '}'; } public Clazz getClazz() { return clazz; } public void setClazz(Clazz clazz) { this.clazz = clazz; } public Integer getSid() { return sid; } public void setSid(Integer sid) { this.sid = sid; } public String getSname() { return sname; } public void setSname(String sname) { this.sname = sname; } }
多对一:多个学生Student对应一个班级Clazz
多种⽅式,常⻅的包括三种:
① 第⼀种⽅式:⼀条SQL语句,级联属性映射。
② 第⼆种⽅式:⼀条SQL语句,association。
③第三种⽅式:两条SQL语句,分步查询。
第⼀种⽅式:级联属性映射
三兄弟之一:StudentMapper接口,编写方法
根据id获取学生Student信息,同时获取学生关联的班级Clazz信息
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Student; public interface StudentMapper { /* * @param id 学生的id * @return 学生对象,但是学生对象当中含有班级对象 */ Student selectById(Integer id); }
三兄弟之二:StudentMapper.xml文件,编写sql语句
(1)使用resultMap来指定映射关系,结果映射resultMap有两个参数:
一个参数是id,指定resultMap的唯一标识,这个id将来在select标签中使用。
一个参数是type,用来指定POJO类的类名。
(2)在resultMap下还有一个子标签result;首先对于有主键的需要配一个id,不是必须的,但可以增加效率;下面使用result子标签的property属性和column属性分别指定POJO类的属性名和数据库表中的字段表之间的映射关系。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper"> <!--多对一映射的第一种方式:一条SQL语句,级联属性映射--> <resultMap id="studentResultMap" type="Student"> <id property="id" column="id"/> <result property="sid" column="sid"/> <result property="clazz.cid" column="cid"/> <result property="clazz.cname" column="cname" /> </resultMap> <select id="selectById" resultMap="studentResultMap"> select s.sid,s.sname,c.cid,c.cname from t_student s left join t_clazz c on s.cid = c.cid where s.sid = #{sid} </select> </mapper> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper"> <!--多对一映射的第一种方式:一条SQL语句,级联属性映射--> <resultMap id="studentResultMap" type="Student"> <id property="id" column="id"/> <result property="sid" column="sid"/> <result property="clazz.cid" column="cid"/> <result property="clazz.cname" column="cname" /> </resultMap> <select id="selectById" resultMap="studentResultMap"> select s.sid,s.sname,c.cid,c.cname from t_student s left join t_clazz c on s.cid = c.cid where s.sid = #{sid} </select> </mapper>
三兄弟之三:StudentMappeTest类,用来编写测试类
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.test; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Student; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.utils.SqlSessionUtil; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.junit.Test; public class StudentMapperTest { @Test public void testSelectById(){ SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession(); StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); Student student = mapper.selectById(1); // 直接输出Student对象 System.out.println(student); // 输出每个属性 System.out.println(student.getSid()); System.out.println(student.getSname()); System.out.println(student.getClazz().getCid()); System.out.println(student.getClazz().getCname()); sqlSession.close(); } }
执行结果:
第⼆种⽅式:association标签
第二种方式,和第一种方式的代码很类似,就是多引入一个association标签,association翻译为关联的意思
三兄弟之一:StudentMapper接口,编写方法
根据id获取学生Student信息,同时获取学生关联的班级Clazz信息
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Student; public interface StudentMapper { /** * 一条SQL语句,使用association标签的方式 * @param id 学生的id * @return 学生对象,但是学生对象当中含有班级对象 */ Student selectByIdAssociation(Integer id); }
三兄弟之二:StudentMapper.xml文件,编写sql语句
association:翻译为关联,一个Student对象关联一个Clazz对象
①property标签:提供要映射的POJO类的属性名,这里就是clazz
②javaType标签:用来指定要映射的java类型,这里就是com.bjpowernode.mybatis.Clazz
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper"> <!--一条SQL语句,引入association标签--> <resultMap id="studentResultMapAssociation" type="Student"> <id property="sid" column="sid"/> <result property="sname" column="sname"/> <!--使用assocaition标签--> <association property="clazz" javaType="Clazz"> <!--虽然字段是相同的,但是不能省略不写--> <id property="cid" column="cid"/> <result property="cname" column="cname" /> </association> </resultMap> <select id="selectByIdAssociation" resultMap="studentResultMapAssociation"> select s.sid,s.sname,c.cid,c.cname from t_student s left join t_clazz c on s.cid = c.cid where s.sid = #{sid} </select> </mapper>
三兄弟之三:StudentMappeTest类,用来编写测试类
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.test; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Student; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.utils.SqlSessionUtil; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.junit.Test; public class StudentMapperTest { @Test public void testSelectByIdAssociation(){ SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession(); StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); Student student = mapper.selectByIdAssociation(2); // 直接输出Student对象 System.out.println(student); sqlSession.close(); } }
执行结果:
第三种⽅式:分步查询
分布查询,需要两条SQL语句,这种⽅式常⽤:
①优点⼀是可复⽤。
②优点⼆是⽀持懒加载(延迟加载)
(1)分布查询第一步:先根据学生的sid查询学生信息
①在StudentMapper中编写第一步的查询方法
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Student; public interface StudentMapper { // 分布查询第一步:现根据学生的sid查询学生信息 Student selectByIdStep1(Integer id); }
②在StudentMapper.xml中编写SQL语句,并指明两者之间的关联关系
还是需要association标签:
①property属性:还是提供要映射的POJO类的属性名,这里就是clazz
②select属性:用来指定另外第二步SQL语句的id,这个id实际上就是namespace+id;通过第二步语句的查询结果,把值赋值给clazz
③column属性:是把第一条SQL语句查询出来的cid传给第第二条SQL语句
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper"> <!--这是第一步:根据学生的id查询学生的所有信息,包含cid--> <resultMap id="studentResultMapByStep" type="Student"> <id property="sid" column="sid"/> <result property="sname" column="sname" /> <!--使用association标签,指明关联关系--> <association property="clazz" select="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.ClazzMapper.selectByIdStep2" column="cid"/> </resultMap> <select id="selectByIdStep1" resultMap="studentResultMapByStep"> select sid,sname,cid from t_student where sid = #{sid}; </select> </mapper>
(2)分布查询第二步:根据学生的cid查询班级信息
①在ClazzMapper中编写第二步的查询方法
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Clazz; public interface ClazzMapper { // 分布查询第二步:根据cid获取查询信息 Clazz selectByIdStep2(Integer cid); }
②在ClazzMapper.xml中编写SQL语句
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.ClazzMapper"> <!--分布查询第二步:根据cid获取班级信息--> <select id="selectByIdStep2" resultType="Clazz"> select cid,cname from t_clazz where cid = #{id}; </select> </mapper>
(3)最终StudentMapperTest编写测试,因为Student是主表
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.test; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Student; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.utils.SqlSessionUtil; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.junit.Test; public class StudentMapperTest { @Test public void testSelectByIdStep1(){ SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession(); StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); Student student = mapper.selectByIdStep1(3); System.out.println(student); sqlSession.close(); } }
执行结果:
2. 多对⼀延迟加载
(1)延迟加载的核心是:用到的在查询,暂时访问不到的数据可以先不查询。
(2)作用:提⾼程序的执⾏效率;不用的时候也查性能肯定低,例如笛卡尔积现象
(3)在MyBatis中如何开启延迟加载:asspciation标签当中添加fetchType="lazy"
例1:不开启延迟加载机制,假如只访问学生表t_student的sname属性,和t_clazz表实际上是没有任何关系的
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.test; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Student; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.utils.SqlSessionUtil; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.junit.Test; public class StudentMapperTest { @Test public void testSelectByIdStep1(){ SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession(); StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); Student student = mapper.selectByIdStep1(3); // System.out.println(student); // 只访问sname属性 System.out.println(student.getSname()); sqlSession.close(); } }
执行结果:实际上执行了两个查询语句,效率变低
例2:在asspciation标签中开启延迟机制,就能做到只执行第一条SQL语句,第二条不执行;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper"> <resultMap id="studentResultMapByStep" type="Student"> <id property="sid" column="sid"/> <result property="sname" column="sname" /> <!--使用association标签,并开启延迟加载机制--> <association property="clazz" select="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.ClazzMapper.selectByIdStep2" column="cid" fetchType="lazy"/> </resultMap> <select id="selectByIdStep1" resultMap="studentResultMapByStep"> select sid,sname,cid from t_student where sid = #{sid}; </select> </mapper>
执行结果:同样还是只访问学生表t_student的sname属性,此时就是只查询一张表即可
(4)在association标签中配置fetchType=“lazy”,实际上是局部的设置,只对当前的association关联的SQL语句起作用!
(5)那么怎样在mybatis中如何开启全局的延迟加载呢?需要setting配置,如下:
(6)在核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml文件当中使用setting标签进行配置
<!--启⽤全局延迟加载机制--> <settings> <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/> </settings>
(7)开启全局延迟加载之后,所有的SQL都会⽀持延迟加载,但是如果某个SQL你不希望它⽀持延迟加载怎么办呢? 将fetchType设置为eager
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper"> <resultMap id="studentResultMapByStep" type="Student"> <id property="sid" column="sid"/> <result property="sname" column="sname" /> <!--使用association标签,不开启延迟加载机制--> <association property="clazz" select="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.ClazzMapper.selectByIdStep2" column="cid" fetchType="eager"/> </resultMap> <select id="selectByIdStep1" resultMap="studentResultMapByStep"> select sid,sname,cid from t_student where sid = #{sid}; </select> </mapper>
3. ⼀对多
⼀对多的实现,通常是在⼀的⼀⽅中有List集合属性!
pojo类Clazz中添加⼀个属性:List<Student> stu; 表示班级关联的学生对象,增加setter and getter方法,重写toString方法。
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo; import java.util.*; public class Clazz { private Integer cid; private String cname; private List<Student> stus; public Clazz() { } public Clazz(Integer cid, String cname) { this.cid = cid; this.cname = cname; } @Override public String toString() { return "Clazz{" + "cid=" + cid + ", cname='" + cname + '\'' + ", stus=" + stus + '}'; } public List<Student> getStus() { return stus; } public void setStus(List<Student> stus) { this.stus = stus; } public Integer getCid() { return cid; } public void setCid(Integer cid) { this.cid = cid; } public String getCname() { return cname; } public void setCname(String cname) { this.cname = cname; } }
⼀对多的实现通常包括两种实现⽅式:
①第⼀种⽅式:collection
②第⼆种⽅式:分步查询
第⼀种⽅式:collection
注:这次t_calss是主表,所以是在ClazzMapper、ClazzMapper.xml、ClazzMapperTest当中完成一些列操作。
三兄弟之一:ClazzMapper接口,编写方法
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Clazz; public interface ClazzMapper { // 根据班级编号查询班级信息 Clazz selectByIdCollection(Integer cid); }
三兄弟之二:ClazzMapper.xml文件,编写sql语句
使用collection标签,和上面使用association标签的第二种方法是很相似的
①property属性:提供要映射的POJO类的属性名,这里就是stus
②ofType属性:用来指定集合当中的元素类型com.bjpowernode.mybatis.Student
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.ClazzMapper"> <resultMap id="clazzResultMap" type="Clazz"> <id property="cid" column="cid"/> <result property="cname" column="cname"/> <!--ofType用来指定集合当中的元素类型--> <collection property="stus" ofType="Student"> <id property="sid" column="sid"/> <result property="sname" column="sname"/> </collection> </resultMap> <select id="selectByIdCollection" resultMap="clazzResultMap"> select c.cid,c.cname,s.sid,s.sname from t_clazz c left join t_student s on c.cid = s.cid where c.cid = #{cid} </select> </mapper>
三兄弟之三:ClazzMappeTest类,用来编写测试类
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.test; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.ClazzMapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Clazz; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.utils.SqlSessionUtil; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.junit.Test; public class ClazzMapperTest { @Test public void testSelectByIdCollection(){ SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession(); ClazzMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(ClazzMapper.class); Clazz clazz = mapper.selectByIdCollection(1001); System.out.println(clazz); sqlSession.close(); } }
执行结果:
查询的结果是stus变量是一个有三个数据的List集合,其中clazz是null属于正常现象,如果clazz还有值,就会与前面的Student形成递归循环
第⼆种⽅式:分步查询和延迟加载
(1)分布查询第一步:先根据班级编号获取班级信息
①在ClazzMapper中编写第一步的查询方法
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Clazz; public interface ClazzMapper { // 分布查询第一步:根据班级编号,获取班级信息 Clazz selectByStep1(Integer cid); }
②在ClazzMapper.xml中编写SQL语句,并指明两者之间的关联关系
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.ClazzMapper"> <!--分布查询第一步:根据班级的cid获取班级信息--> <resultMap id="clazzResultMapStep" type="Clazz"> <id property="cid" column="cid"/> <result property="cname" column="cname"/> <collection property="stus" select="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.selectByCidStep2" column="cid" /> </resultMap> <select id="selectByStep1" resultMap="clazzResultMapStep"> select cid,cname from t_clazz where cid = #{cid} </select> </mapper>
(2)分布查询第二步:根据学生的cid查询班级信息
①在StudentMapper中编写第二步的查询方法
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Student; import java.util.List; public interface StudentMapper { // 分布查询第二步:根据班级编号查询学生信息 List<Student> selectByCidStep2(Integer cid); }
②在StudentMapper.xml中编写SQL语句
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper"> <select id="selectByCidStep2" resultType="Student"> select * from t_student where cid = #{cid} </select> </mapper>
(3)最终ClazzMapperTest编写测试,因为Clazz是主表
package com.bjpowernode.mybatis.test; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.mapper.ClazzMapper; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.pojo.Clazz; import com.bjpowernode.mybatis.utils.SqlSessionUtil; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.junit.Test; public class ClazzMapperTest { @Test public void testSelectByStep1(){ SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSession(); ClazzMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(ClazzMapper.class); Clazz clazz = mapper.selectByStep1(1001); System.out.println(clazz); sqlSession.close(); } }
执行结果:
⼀对多延迟加载机制和多对⼀是⼀样的,同样是通过两种⽅式:
第⼀种:fetchType="lazy"
第⼆种:修改全局的配置setting,lazyLoadingEnabled=true,如果开启全局延迟加载,想让某个 sql不使⽤延迟加载:fetchType="eager"
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