js中关于base64编码的问题
作者:分享心得
这篇文章主要介绍了js中关于base64编码的问题,具有很好的参考价值,希望对大家有所帮助。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教
关于base64编码的问题
1. 使用 Buffer对象
Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(jwtHeader)).toString('base64')
2. 使用base64js.js
/** * base64js Uint8Array 8位无符号整数,长度1个字节, * base64js.byteLength(base64Str) base64字符串转为字节数组的长度 * base64js.toByteArray(base64Str) base64字符串转为字节数组 * base64js.fromByteArray(bytes) 字节数组转为base64字符串 */ (function (r) { if (typeof exports === "object" && typeof module !== "undefined") { module.exports = r() } else { if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) { define([], r) } else { var e; if (typeof window !== "undefined") { e = window } else { if (typeof global !== "undefined") { e = global } else { if (typeof self !== "undefined") { e = self } else { e = this } } } e.base64js = r() } } })(function () { var r, e, t; return function r(e, t, n) { function o(i, a) { if (!t[i]) { if (!e[i]) { var u = typeof require == "function" && require; if (!a && u) { return u(i, !0) } if (f) { return f(i, !0) } var d = new Error("Cannot find module '" + i + "'"); throw d.code = "MODULE_NOT_FOUND", d } var c = t[i] = { exports: {} }; e[i][0].call(c.exports, function (r) { var t = e[i][1][r]; return o(t ? t : r) }, c, c.exports, r, e, t, n) } return t[i].exports } var f = typeof require == "function" && require; for (var i = 0; i < n.length; i++) { o(n[i]) } return o }({ "/": [function (r, e, t) { t.byteLength = c; t.toByteArray = v; t.fromByteArray = s; var n = []; var o = []; var f = typeof Uint8Array !== "undefined" ? Uint8Array : Array; var i = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; for (var a = 0, u = i.length; a < u; ++a) { n[a] = i[a]; o[i.charCodeAt(a)] = a } o["-".charCodeAt(0)] = 62; o["_".charCodeAt(0)] = 63; function d(r) { var e = r.length; if (e % 4 > 0) { throw new Error("Invalid string. Length must be a multiple of 4") } return r[e - 2] === "=" ? 2 : r[e - 1] === "=" ? 1 : 0 } function c(r) { return r.length * 3 / 4 - d(r) } function v(r) { var e, t, n, i, a; var u = r.length; i = d(r); a = new f(u * 3 / 4 - i); t = i > 0 ? u - 4 : u; var c = 0; for (e = 0; e < t; e += 4) { n = o[r.charCodeAt(e)] << 18 | o[r.charCodeAt(e + 1)] << 12 | o[r.charCodeAt(e + 2)] << 6 | o[r.charCodeAt(e + 3)]; a[c++] = n >> 16 & 255; a[c++] = n >> 8 & 255; a[c++] = n & 255 } if (i === 2) { n = o[r.charCodeAt(e)] << 2 | o[r.charCodeAt(e + 1)] >> 4; a[c++] = n & 255 } else { if (i === 1) { n = o[r.charCodeAt(e)] << 10 | o[r.charCodeAt(e + 1)] << 4 | o[r.charCodeAt(e + 2)] >> 2; a[c++] = n >> 8 & 255; a[c++] = n & 255 } } return a } function l(r) { return n[r >> 18 & 63] + n[r >> 12 & 63] + n[r >> 6 & 63] + n[r & 63] } function h(r, e, t) { var n; var o = []; for (var f = e; f < t; f += 3) { n = (r[f] << 16) + (r[f + 1] << 8) + r[f + 2]; o.push(l(n)) } return o.join("") } function s(r) { var e; var t = r.length; var o = t % 3; var f = ""; var i = []; var a = 16383; for (var u = 0, d = t - o; u < d; u += a) { i.push(h(r, u, u + a > d ? d : u + a)) } if (o === 1) { e = r[t - 1]; f += n[e >> 2]; f += n[e << 4 & 63]; f += "==" } else { if (o === 2) { e = (r[t - 2] << 8) + r[t - 1]; f += n[e >> 10]; f += n[e >> 4 & 63]; f += n[e << 2 & 63]; f += "=" } } i.push(f); return i.join("") } }, {}] }, {}, [])("/") });
字符串编码
/** * utf8字符串转为字节数组 同java中 String.getBytes(utf8Str) * @param utf8Str * @returns {[]} */ var utf8StrToBytes = function (utf8Str) { var ens = encodeURIComponent(utf8Str); var es = unescape(ens); var esLen = es.length; // Convert var words = []; for (var i = 0; i < esLen; i++) { words[i] = es.charCodeAt(i); } return words; } /** * 字节数组转为utf8字符串 同java中 new String(bytes) * @param bytesArray * @returns {string} */ var bytesToUtf8Str = function (bytesArray) { var utf8Byte = bytesArray; var latin1Chars = []; for (var i = 0; i < utf8Byte.length; i++) { latin1Chars.push(String.fromCharCode(utf8Byte[i])); } return decodeURIComponent(escape(latin1Chars.join(''))); }
测试
base64.fromByteArray(utf8StrToBytes('打快点快点')) // 5omT5b+r54K55b+r54K5 //同Java中 org.apache.commons.codec Base64.encodeBase64String("打快点快点".getBytes()) // 5omT5b+r54K55b+r54K5
3. js中类似java中byte强转int类型
/** * int 转 byte, js中int转byte(-128—127) * @param i 整数 */ var intToByte = function(i) { var b = i & 0xFF; var c = 0; if (b >= 128) { c = b % 128; c = -1 * (128 - c); } else { c = b; } return c }
手把手教你js实现base64编码规则
base64编码是使用自己的编码规则重新编码ascii码,原理是将3*8个字节用4*6去代替,将8字节划分时会在前面添加2个0形成6位,最后不够4个字节全补0。
base64也是基于64个可打印的字符来表示二进制的数据的一种方法。
base64编码表如下图所示:
js实现代码如下:
//2.加密、解密算法封装: function Base64() { // private property _keyStr = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/="; // public method for encoding this.encode = function (input) { var output = ""; var chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4; var i = 0; input = _utf8_encode(input); while (i < input.length) { chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++); chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++); chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++); enc1 = chr1 >> 2; // &3表示只要chr1的后两位 enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4); enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6); enc4 = chr3 & 63; if (isNaN(chr2)) { enc3 = enc4 = 64; } else if (isNaN(chr3)) { enc4 = 64; } output = output + _keyStr.charAt(enc1) + _keyStr.charAt(enc2) + _keyStr.charAt(enc3) + _keyStr.charAt(enc4); } return output; } // public method for decoding this.decode = function (input) { var output = ""; var chr1, chr2, chr3; var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4; var i = 0; input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g, ""); while (i < input.length) { enc1 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); enc2 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); enc3 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); enc4 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4); chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2); chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4; output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr1); if (enc3 != 64) { output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr2); } if (enc4 != 64) { output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr3); } } output = _utf8_decode(output); return output; } // private method for UTF-8 encoding _utf8_encode = function (string) { string = string.replace(/\r\n/g,"\n"); var utftext = ""; for (var n = 0; n < string.length; n++) { var c = string.charCodeAt(n); if (c < 128) { utftext += String.fromCharCode(c); } else if((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) { utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192); utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128); } else { utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224); utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128); utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128); } } return utftext; } // private method for UTF-8 decoding _utf8_decode = function (utftext) { var string = ""; var i = 0; var c = c1 = c2 = 0; while ( i < utftext.length ) { c = utftext.charCodeAt(i); if (c < 128) { string += String.fromCharCode(c); i++; } else if((c > 191) && (c < 224)) { c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1); string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63)); i += 2; } else { c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1); c3 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+2); string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63)); i += 3; } } return string; } } const base64 = new Base64() console.log(base64.encode('1ab')); console.log(base64.decode('MWE='));
二进制3*8位转4*6参考下图:
- 1.先来看看encode实现原理,首先是获取ascii码值,第一个字节001100是1在ascii码中是49,二进制是110001,此时在前面新增00得到00110001,第一个字节是110001右移两位得到001100。
- 2.我们看看第二个码010110,它是由第一个字节110001的后两位(&3)和第二个字节1100001的前四位(>>4)共同构成。
- 3.第三个码000101,它是由第二个字节1100001后四位(&15)和第三个字节的前两位(>>6)。
- 4.第四个码100010,它是由第三个字节1100010的后六位(&63)构成。
解码的操作跟这个刚好相反,大家可以试试。
1ab 110001 1100001 1100010 49 97 98 00110001 01100001 01100010(补成8位,划分成6位,高位补2个0) 001100 010110 000101 100010 (开始划分成4个,不够补0) 12 22 5 34 MWFi
总结
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。