vue.js

关注公众号 jb51net

关闭
首页 > 网络编程 > JavaScript > javascript类库 > vue.js > Vue操作dom

Vue中四种操作dom方法保姆级讲解

作者:山山而川~xyj

这篇文章主要介绍了Vue中四种操作dom方法,首先,在vue中强烈禁用原生与jquery来操作DOM元素。我们要充分的利用vue的优势:MVVM,在vue中程序员几乎不操作DOM,只需要维护好数据即可,vue给程序员提供ref引用,不调用api直接获取元素组件的使用

前言

最近主管提出了许多优化用户体验的要求,其中很多涉及 dom 操作。本文将 Vue3 中常见的 dom 操作总结了一下。

一、通过ref拿到dom的引用

<template>
    <div class="ref-container">
        <div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div>
    </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
</script>

通过对 div 元素添加 ref 属性,为了获取到这个元素,我们声明了一个与 ref 属性名称相同的变量,然后通过 [变量名].value 的形式即可获取该 div 元素。

适用场景

单一 dom 元素或者个数较少的场景

示例代码

<template>
    <div class="ref-container">
        <p>通过 ref 直接拿到 dom</p>
        <div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div>
        <button @click="action" class="btn">变高</button>
    </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
let height = 100;
const action= () => {
    height += 50;
    sectionRef.value.style = `height: ${height}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo1-container {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    .ref-section {
        width: 200px;
        height: 100px;
        background-color: pink;
        transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
    }
    .btn {
        width: 200px;
        height: 50px;
        background-color: gray;
        color: #fff;
        margin-top: 100px;
    }
}
</style>

二、通过父容器的ref遍历拿到dom引用

通过对父元素添加 ref 属性,并声明一个与 ref 属性名称相同的变量 list,此时通过 list.value 会获得包含子元素的 dom 对象。此时可以通过 list.value.children[index] 的形式获取子元素 dom

<template>
    <div class="ref-container">
        <div ref="list" class="list-section">
            <div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
                <span>{{item}}</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'
const list = ref()

适用场景

通过 v-for 循环生成的固定数量元素的场景。

示例代码

<template>
    <div class="ref-container">
        <p>通过父容器遍历拿到dom</p>
        <div ref="list" class="list-section">
            <div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
                <span>{{item}}</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'
const list = ref()
const state = reactive({
    list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
    let height = listRef.value.children[index].style.height ? listRef.value.children[index].style.height : '20px';
    height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
    listRef.value.children[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    .list-section {
        width: 200px;
        .list-item {
            width: 200px;
            height: 20px;
            background-color: pink;
            color: #333;
            transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }
    }
}
</style>

三、通过子组件emit传递ref

通过对子组件添加 ref 属性,并声明一个与 ref 属性名称相同的变量 childRef,此时通过 emitchildRef.value 作为一个 dom 引用传递出去。

<template>
    <div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item">
        <span>{{item}}</span>
    </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
    item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const childRef = ref();
const cellAction = () => {
    emit('cellTap', childRef.value);
}
</script>

适用场景

多个页面都可能有操作组件 dom 的场景

示例代码

<template>
    <div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item">
        <span>{{item}}</span>
    </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
    item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const childRef = ref()
const cellAction = () => {
    emit('cellTap', childRef.value);
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.cell-item {
    width: 200px;
    height: 20px;
    background-color: pink;
    color: #333;
    transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}
</style>
<template>
    <div class="ref-container">
        <p>通过子组件emit传递ref</p>
        <div class="list-section">
            <Cell :item="item" @cellTap="cellTapHandler" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
            </Cell>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
import Cell from '@/components/Cell.vue'
const state = reactive({
    list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
    refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const cellTapHandler = (el: any) => {
    let height = el.style.height ? el.style.height : '20px';
    height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
    el.style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;

    .list-section {
        width: 200px;
    }
}
</style>

四、通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中

通过 :ref 循环调用 setRefAction 方法,该方法会默认接收一个 el 参数,这个参数就是我们需要获取的 div 元素。

<template>
    <div class="ref-container">
        <div class="list-section">
            <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
                <span>{{item}}</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
    list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
    refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
    state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>

此时可以通过 state.refList[index] 的形式获取子元素 dom

适用场景

通过 v-for 循环生成的不固定数量或者多种元素的场景。

示例代码

<template>
    <div class="ref-container">
        <p>通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中</p>
        <div class="list-section">
            <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
                <span>{{item}}</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
    list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
    refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
    let height = state.refList[index].style.height ? state.refList[index].style.height : '20px';
    height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
    state.refList[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
    console.log(state.refList[index]);
}
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
    state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;

    .list-section {
        width: 200px;
        .list-item {
            width: 200px;
            height: 20px;
            background-color: pink;
            color: #333;
            transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }
    }
}
</style>

到此这篇关于Vue中四种操作dom方法保姆级讲解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Vue操作dom内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

您可能感兴趣的文章:
阅读全文