Vue中四种操作dom方法保姆级讲解
作者:山山而川~xyj
这篇文章主要介绍了Vue中四种操作dom方法,首先,在vue中强烈禁用原生与jquery来操作DOM元素。我们要充分的利用vue的优势:MVVM,在vue中程序员几乎不操作DOM,只需要维护好数据即可,vue给程序员提供ref引用,不调用api直接获取元素组件的使用
前言
最近主管提出了许多优化用户体验的要求,其中很多涉及 dom
操作。本文将 Vue3 中常见的 dom
操作总结了一下。
一、通过ref拿到dom的引用
<template> <div class="ref-container"> <div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div> </div> </template> <script lang="ts" setup> import { ref } from 'vue' const sectionRef = ref() </script>
通过对 div
元素添加 ref
属性,为了获取到这个元素,我们声明了一个与 ref
属性名称相同的变量,然后通过 [变量名].value
的形式即可获取该 div
元素。
适用场景
单一 dom 元素或者个数较少的场景
示例代码
<template> <div class="ref-container"> <p>通过 ref 直接拿到 dom</p> <div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div> <button @click="action" class="btn">变高</button> </div> </template> <script lang="ts" setup> import { ref } from 'vue' const sectionRef = ref() let height = 100; const action= () => { height += 50; sectionRef.value.style = `height: ${height}px`; } </script> <style lang="scss" scoped> .demo1-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .ref-section { width: 200px; height: 100px; background-color: pink; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; } .btn { width: 200px; height: 50px; background-color: gray; color: #fff; margin-top: 100px; } } </style>
二、通过父容器的ref遍历拿到dom引用
通过对父元素添加 ref
属性,并声明一个与 ref
属性名称相同的变量 list
,此时通过 list.value
会获得包含子元素的 dom
对象。此时可以通过 list.value.children[index]
的形式获取子元素 dom
。
<template> <div class="ref-container"> <div ref="list" class="list-section"> <div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script lang="ts" setup> import { ref, reactive } from 'vue' const list = ref()
适用场景
通过 v-for
循环生成的固定数量元素的场景。
示例代码
<template> <div class="ref-container"> <p>通过父容器遍历拿到dom</p> <div ref="list" class="list-section"> <div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script lang="ts" setup> import { ref, reactive } from 'vue' const list = ref() const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] }) const higherAction = (index: number) => { let height = listRef.value.children[index].style.height ? listRef.value.children[index].style.height : '20px'; height = Number(height.replace('px', '')); listRef.value.children[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; } </script> <style lang="scss" scoped> .demo2-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .list-section { width: 200px; .list-item { width: 200px; height: 20px; background-color: pink; color: #333; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } } } </style>
三、通过子组件emit传递ref
通过对子组件添加 ref
属性,并声明一个与 ref
属性名称相同的变量 childRef
,此时通过 emit
将 childRef.value
作为一个 dom
引用传递出去。
<template> <div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </template> <script lang="ts" setup> import { ref } from 'vue' const props = defineProps({ item: Number }) const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']); const childRef = ref(); const cellAction = () => { emit('cellTap', childRef.value); } </script>
适用场景
多个页面都可能有操作组件 dom
的场景
示例代码
<template> <div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </template> <script lang="ts" setup> import { ref } from 'vue' const props = defineProps({ item: Number }) const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']); const childRef = ref() const cellAction = () => { emit('cellTap', childRef.value); } </script> <style lang="scss" scoped> .cell-item { width: 200px; height: 20px; background-color: pink; color: #333; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } </style>
<template> <div class="ref-container"> <p>通过子组件emit传递ref</p> <div class="list-section"> <Cell :item="item" @cellTap="cellTapHandler" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> </Cell> </div> </div> </template> <script lang="ts" setup> import { reactive } from 'vue' import Cell from '@/components/Cell.vue' const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], refList: [] as Array<any> }) const cellTapHandler = (el: any) => { let height = el.style.height ? el.style.height : '20px'; height = Number(height.replace('px', '')); el.style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; } </script> <style lang="scss" scoped> .demo2-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .list-section { width: 200px; } } </style>
四、通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中
通过 :ref
循环调用 setRefAction
方法,该方法会默认接收一个 el
参数,这个参数就是我们需要获取的 div
元素。
<template> <div class="ref-container"> <div class="list-section"> <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script lang="ts" setup> import { reactive } from 'vue' const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], refList: [] as Array<any> }) const setRefAction = (el: any) => { state.refList.push(el); } </script>
此时可以通过 state.refList[index]
的形式获取子元素 dom
。
适用场景
通过 v-for
循环生成的不固定数量或者多种元素的场景。
示例代码
<template> <div class="ref-container"> <p>通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中</p> <div class="list-section"> <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script lang="ts" setup> import { reactive } from 'vue' const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], refList: [] as Array<any> }) const higherAction = (index: number) => { let height = state.refList[index].style.height ? state.refList[index].style.height : '20px'; height = Number(height.replace('px', '')); state.refList[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; console.log(state.refList[index]); } const setRefAction = (el: any) => { state.refList.push(el); } </script> <style lang="scss" scoped> .demo2-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .list-section { width: 200px; .list-item { width: 200px; height: 20px; background-color: pink; color: #333; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } } } </style>
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