C#实现虚拟键盘的实例详解
作者：芝麻粒儿
这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了如何利用C#实现虚拟键盘，文中的示例代码讲解详细，对我们学习C#有一定的帮助，感兴趣的小伙伴可以跟随小编一起了解一下
实践过程
效果
代码
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private HookEx.UserActivityHook hook;//实例化HookEx.UserActivityHook
private static IDictionary<short, IList<FecitButton>> spacialVKButtonsMap;//表示键/值对应的泛型集合
private static IDictionary<short, IList<FecitButton>> combinationVKButtonsMap;//表示键/值对应的泛型集合
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
#region 将指定的按钮值添加到键类型中
spacialVKButtonsMap = new Dictionary<short, IList<FecitButton>>();
combinationVKButtonsMap = new Dictionary<short, IList<FecitButton>>();
IList<FecitButton> buttonList = new List<FecitButton>();//实例化IList<FecitButton>(按照索引单独访问的一组对象)
buttonList.Add(this.btnLCTRL);//添加左面的CTRL键
combinationVKButtonsMap.Add(KeyboardConstaint.VK_CONTROL, buttonList);//添加左面的CTRL键值
buttonList = new List<FecitButton>();
buttonList.Add(this.btnLSHFT);//添加左面的LSHFT键
buttonList.Add(this.btnRSHFT);//添加右面的LSHFT键
combinationVKButtonsMap.Add(KeyboardConstaint.VK_SHIFT, buttonList);//添加LSHFT键值
buttonList = new List<FecitButton>();//实例化IList<FecitButton>
buttonList.Add(this.btnLALT);//添加左面的ALT键
combinationVKButtonsMap.Add(KeyboardConstaint.VK_MENU, buttonList);//添加左面的ALT键值
buttonList = new List<FecitButton>();//实例化IList<FecitButton>
buttonList.Add(this.btnLW);//添加左面的WIN键
combinationVKButtonsMap.Add(KeyboardConstaint.VK_LWIN, buttonList);//添加左面的WIN键值
buttonList = new List<FecitButton>();//实例化IList<FecitButton>
buttonList.Add(this.btnLOCK);//添加LOCK键
spacialVKButtonsMap.Add(KeyboardConstaint.VK_CAPITAL, buttonList);//添加LOCK键值
#endregion
foreach (Control ctrl in this.Controls)
{
FecitButton button = ctrl as FecitButton;
if (button == null)
{
continue;
}
#region 设置按键的消息值
short key = 0;//记录键值
bool isSpacialKey = true;
//记录快捷键的键值
switch (button.Name)//获取键名称
{
case "btnLCTRL"://CTRL键的左键名称
case "btnRCTRL"://CTRL键的右键名称
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_CONTROL;//获取CTRL键的键值
break;
case "btnLSHFT"://SHFT键的左键名称
case "btnRSHFT"://SHFT键的左键名称
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_SHIFT;//获取SHFT键的键值
break;
case "btnLALT"://ALT键的左键名称
case "btnRALT"://ALT键的左键名称
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_MENU;//获取ALT键的键值
break;
case "btnLW"://WIN键的左键名称
case "btnRW"://WIN键的左键名称
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_LWIN;//获取WIN键的键值
break;
case "btnESC"://ESC键的名称
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_ESCAPE;//获取ESC键的键值
break;
case "btnTAB"://TAB键的名称
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_TAB;//获取TAB键的键值
break;
case "btnF1"://F1键的名称
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F1;//获取F1键的键值
break;
case "btnF2":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F2;
break;
case "btnF3":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F3;
break;
case "btnF4":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F4;
break;
case "btnF5":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F5;
break;
case "btnF6":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F6;
break;
case "btnF7":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F7;
break;
case "btnF8":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F8;
break;
case "btnF9":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F9;
break;
case "btnF10":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F10;
break;
case "btnF11":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F11;
break;
case "btnF12":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_F12;
break;
case "btnENT":
case "btnNUMENT":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_RETURN;
break;
case "btnWave":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_3;
break;
case "btnSem":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_1;
break;
case "btnQute":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_7;
break;
case "btnSpace":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_SPACE;
break;
case "btnBKSP":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_BACK;
break;
case "btnComma":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_COMMA;
break;
case "btnFullStop":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_PERIOD;
break;
case "btnLOCK":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_CAPITAL;
break;
case "btnMinus":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_MINUS;
break;
case "btnEqual":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_PLUS;
break;
case "btnLBracket":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_4;
break;
case "btnRBracket":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_6;
break;
case "btnPath":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_5;
break;
case "btnDivide":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_OEM_2;
break;
case "btnPSC":
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_SNAPSHOT;
break;
case "btnINS"://Insert键的名称
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_INSERT;//获取Insert键的键值
break;
case "btnDEL"://Delete键的名称
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_DELETE;//获取Delete键的键值
break;
default:
isSpacialKey = false;
break;
}
if (!isSpacialKey)
{
key = (short)button.Name[3];//获取按钮的键值
}
button.Tag = key;//在按钮的Tag属性中记录相应的键值
#endregion
button.Click += ButtonOnClick;//重载按钮的单击事件
}
this.hook = new HookEx.UserActivityHook(true, true);
HookEvents();
}
private void HookEvents()
{
this.hook.KeyDown += HookOnGlobalKeyDown;//重载hook类中的自定义事件KeyDown
this.hook.KeyUp += HookOnGlobalKeyUp;//重载hook类中的自定义事件KeyUp
this.hook.MouseActivity += HookOnMouseActivity;//重载hook类中的自定义事件MouseActivity
}
private void ButtonOnClick(object sender, EventArgs e)//按键的单击事件
{
FecitButton btnKey = sender as FecitButton;//获取当前按键的信息
if (btnKey == null)//如果按键为空值
return;
SendKeyCommand(btnKey);//发送按键的信息
}
/// <summary>
/// 接收并发送按键信息
/// </summary>
/// <param keyButton="FecitButton">按键信息</param>
private void SendKeyCommand(FecitButton keyButton)
{
short key = Convert.ToInt16(keyButton.Tag.ToString());//获取当前键的键值
if (combinationVKButtonsMap.ContainsKey(key))//如果键值在键值列表中
{
if (keyButton.Checked)//如果按钮处于按下状态
{
SendKeyUp(key);//对按钮进行抬起操作
}
else
{
SendKeyDown(key);//对按钮进行按下操作
}
}
else
{
//执行按钮按下和抬起的操作
SendKeyDown(key);
SendKeyUp(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 记录键盘的按下操作的值
/// </summary>
/// <param key="short">键值</param>
private void SendKeyDown(short key)
{
Input[] input = new Input[1];//实例化Input[]
input[0].type = INPUT.KEYBOARD;//记录当有键值的类型
input[0].ki.wVk = key;//记录当前键值
input[0].ki.time = NativeMethods.GetTickCount();//获取自windows启动以来经历的时间长度（毫秒）
//消息的输入
if (NativeMethods.SendInput((uint)input.Length, input, Marshal.SizeOf(input[0])) < input.Length)
{
throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());//指定错误的初始化
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 记录键盘抬起操作的值
/// </summary>
/// <param key="short">键值</param>
private void SendKeyUp(short key)
{
Input[] input = new Input[1];//实例化Input[]
input[0].type = INPUT.KEYBOARD;//记录当有键值的类型
input[0].ki.wVk = key;//记录当前键值
input[0].ki.dwFlags = KeyboardConstaint.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP;
input[0].ki.time = NativeMethods.GetTickCount();//获取自windows启动以来经历的时间长度（毫秒）
//消息的输入
if (NativeMethods.SendInput((uint)input.Length, input, Marshal.SizeOf(input[0])) < input.Length)
{
throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());//指定错误的初始化
}
}
//键盘的按下事件
private void HookOnGlobalKeyDown(object sender, HookEx.KeyExEventArgs e)
{
SetButtonStatus(e, true);
}
//键盘的抬起事件
private void HookOnGlobalKeyUp(object sender, HookEx.KeyExEventArgs e)
{
SetButtonStatus(e, false);
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置当前按钮的状态
/// </summary>
/// <param args="KeyExEventArgs">键信息</param>
/// <param isDown="bool">标识，当前键是否按下</param>
private void SetButtonStatus(HookEx.KeyExEventArgs args, bool isDown)
{
IList<FecitButton> buttonList = FindButtonList(args);//查找当有键
if (buttonList.Count <= 0)//如果没有找到
return;//退出本次操作
short key = (short)args.KeyValue;//获取当前键的键值
if (spacialVKButtonsMap.ContainsKey(key))//如果键/值列表中有该键
{
if (!isDown)//如果按钮没有被按下
{
FecitButton button = spacialVKButtonsMap[key][0];//设置按钮的信息
button.Checked = !button.Checked;//设置当前按钮为按下状态
}
}
else
{
foreach (FecitButton button in buttonList)//遍历IList中的所有按钮
{
if (button == null)//如果按钮为空
break;//退出循环
button.Checked = isDown;//设置按钮的状态
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 鼠标事件
/// </summary>
/// <param sener="object">鼠标对象</param>
/// <param e="MouseExEventArgs">为MouseUp、MouseDown和MouseMove事件提供数据</param>
private void HookOnMouseActivity(object sener, HookEx.MouseExEventArgs e)
{
Point location = e.Location;//获取鼠标的位置
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)//如果是鼠标左键
{
Rectangle captionRect = new Rectangle(this.Location, new Size(this.Width, SystemInformation.CaptionHeight));//获取窗体的所在区域
if (captionRect.Contains(location))//如果鼠标在该窗体范围内
{ //设置窗体的扩展样式
NativeMethods.SetWindowLong(this.Handle, KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE, (int)NativeMethods.GetWindowLong(this.Handle, KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE) & (~KeyboardConstaint.WS_DISABLED));
//将消息发送给指定窗体
NativeMethods.SendMessage(this.Handle, KeyboardConstaint.WM_SETFOCUS, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
}
else
{
//设置窗体的扩展样式
NativeMethods.SetWindowLong(this.Handle, KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE, (int)NativeMethods.GetWindowLong(this.Handle, KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE) | KeyboardConstaint.WS_DISABLED);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 在键列表中查找键值
/// </summary>
/// <param args="KeyExEventArgs">键信息</param>
private IList<FecitButton> FindButtonList(HookEx.KeyExEventArgs args)
{
short key = (short)args.KeyValue;//获取键值
if (key == KeyboardConstaint.VK_LCONTROL || key == KeyboardConstaint.VK_RCONTROL)//如果是CTRL键
{
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_CONTROL;//记录CTRL键值
}
else if (key == KeyboardConstaint.VK_LSHIFT || key == KeyboardConstaint.VK_RSHIFT)//如果是SHIFT键
{
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_SHIFT;//记录SHIFT键值
}
else if (key == KeyboardConstaint.VK_LMENU || key == KeyboardConstaint.VK_RMENU)//如果是ALT键
{
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_MENU;//记录ALT键值
}
else if (key == KeyboardConstaint.VK_RWIN)//如果是WIN键
{
key = KeyboardConstaint.VK_LWIN;//记录WIN键值
}
if (combinationVKButtonsMap.ContainsKey(key))//如果在IDictionary的集合中
{
return combinationVKButtonsMap[key];//返回当前键的键值
}
IList<FecitButton> buttonList = new List<FecitButton>();//实例化IList<FecitButton>
foreach (Control ctrl in this.Controls)//遍历当前窗体中的所有控件
{
FecitButton button = ctrl as FecitButton;//如果当前控件是FecitButton按钮
if (button == null)//如果当前按钮为空
continue;//重新循环
short theKey = Convert.ToInt16(button.Tag.ToString());//获取当前按钮的键值
if (theKey == key)//如果与当前操作的按钮相同
{
buttonList.Add(button);//添加当前操作的按键信息
break;
}
}
return buttonList;
}
}
public partial class FecitButton : Button
{
public FecitButton()
{
InitializeComponent();
base.Font = new Font("宋体", 9.75F, FontStyle.Bold);
base.Width = 26;
base.Height = 25;
}
private Color Color_Brush = Color.MediumPurple;
private Color Color_Pen = Color.Indigo;
public static bool MouseE = false;
private bool TChecked = false;
[Browsable(true), Category("按钮操作"), Description("设置按钮是否被按下，如按下，则为true")]
public bool Checked
{
get { return TChecked; }
set
{
TChecked = value;
Invalidate();
}
}
protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
Color tem_colorb = Color_Brush;
Color tem_colorp = Color_Pen;
if (Checked)
{
Color_Brush = Color.Pink;
Color_Pen = Color.PaleVioletRed;
}
else
{
Color_Brush = tem_colorb;
Color_Pen = tem_colorp;
}
SolidBrush tem_Brush = new SolidBrush(Color_Brush);
Pen tem_Pen = new Pen(new SolidBrush(Color_Pen), 2);
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(tem_Brush, 0, 0, this.Width, this.Height);
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(tem_Pen, 1, 1, this.Width - 2, this.Height - 2);
ProtractText(e.Graphics);
}
/// <summary>
/// 鼠标移入控件的可见区域时触发
/// </summary>
protected override void OnMouseEnter(EventArgs e)
{
Color_Brush = Color.LightSteelBlue;
Color_Pen = Color.LightSlateGray;
Invalidate();
base.OnMouseEnter(e);
}
/// <summary>
/// 鼠标移出控件的可见区域时触发
/// </summary>
protected override void OnMouseLeave(EventArgs e)
{
Color_Brush = Color.MediumPurple;
Color_Pen = Color.Indigo;
Invalidate();
base.OnMouseLeave(e);
}
private void ProtractText(Graphics g)
{
Graphics TitG = this.CreateGraphics();//创建Graphics类对象
string TitS = base.Text;//获取图表标题的名称
SizeF TitSize = TitG.MeasureString(TitS, this.Font);//将绘制的字符串进行格式化
float TitWidth = TitSize.Width;//获取字符串的宽度
float TitHeight = TitSize.Height;//获取字符串的高度
float TitX = 0;//标题的横向坐标
float TitY = 0;//标题的纵向坐标
if (this.Height > TitHeight)
TitY = (this.Height - TitHeight) / 2F;
else
TitY = 1;
if (this.Width > TitWidth)
TitX = (this.Width - TitWidth) / 2F;
else
TitX = 2;
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle((int)Math.Floor(TitX), (int)Math.Floor(TitY), (int)Math.Ceiling(TitWidth), (int)Math.Ceiling(TitHeight));
g.DrawString(TitS, base.Font,new SolidBrush(base.ForeColor), new PointF(TitX, TitY));
}
}
internal static class KeyboardConstaint
{
internal static readonly short VK_F1 = 0x70;
internal static readonly short VK_F2 = 0x71;
internal static readonly short VK_F3 = 0x72;
internal static readonly short VK_F4 = 0x73;
internal static readonly short VK_F5 = 0x74;
internal static readonly short VK_F6 = 0x75;
internal static readonly short VK_F7 = 0x76;
internal static readonly short VK_F8 = 0x77;
internal static readonly short VK_F9 = 0x78;
internal static readonly short VK_F10 = 0x79;
internal static readonly short VK_F11 = 0x7A;
internal static readonly short VK_F12 = 0x7B;
internal static readonly short VK_LEFT = 0x25;
internal static readonly short VK_UP = 0x26;
internal static readonly short VK_RIGHT = 0x27;
internal static readonly short VK_DOWN = 0x28;
internal static readonly short VK_NONE = 0x00;
internal static readonly short VK_ESCAPE = 0x1B;
internal static readonly short VK_EXECUTE = 0x2B;
internal static readonly short VK_CANCEL = 0x03;
internal static readonly short VK_RETURN = 0x0D;
internal static readonly short VK_ACCEPT = 0x1E;
internal static readonly short VK_BACK = 0x08;
internal static readonly short VK_TAB = 0x09;
internal static readonly short VK_DELETE = 0x2E;
internal static readonly short VK_CAPITAL = 0x14;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMLOCK = 0x90;
internal static readonly short VK_SPACE = 0x20;
internal static readonly short VK_DECIMAL = 0x6E;
internal static readonly short VK_SUBTRACT = 0x6D;
internal static readonly short VK_ADD = 0x6B;
internal static readonly short VK_DIVIDE = 0x6F;
internal static readonly short VK_MULTIPLY = 0x6A;
internal static readonly short VK_INSERT = 0x2D;
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_1 = 0xBA; // ';:' for US
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_PLUS = 0xBB; // '+' any country
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_MINUS = 0xBD; // '-' any country
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_2 = 0xBF; // '/?' for US
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_3 = 0xC0; // '`~' for US
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_4 = 0xDB; // '[{' for US
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_5 = 0xDC; // '\|' for US
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_6 = 0xDD; // ']}' for US
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_7 = 0xDE; // ''"' for US
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_PERIOD = 0xBE; // '.>' any country
internal static readonly short VK_OEM_COMMA = 0xBC; // ',<' any country
internal static readonly short VK_SHIFT = 0x10;
internal static readonly short VK_CONTROL = 0x11;
internal static readonly short VK_MENU = 0x12;
internal static readonly short VK_LWIN = 0x5B;
internal static readonly short VK_RWIN = 0x5C;
internal static readonly short VK_APPS = 0x5D;
internal static readonly short VK_LSHIFT = 0xA0;
internal static readonly short VK_RSHIFT = 0xA1;
internal static readonly short VK_LCONTROL = 0xA2;
internal static readonly short VK_RCONTROL = 0xA3;
internal static readonly short VK_LMENU = 0xA4;
internal static readonly short VK_RMENU = 0xA5;
internal static readonly short VK_SNAPSHOT = 0x2C;
internal static readonly short VK_SCROLL = 0x91;
internal static readonly short VK_PAUSE = 0x13;
internal static readonly short VK_HOME = 0x24;
internal static readonly short VK_NEXT = 0x22;
internal static readonly short VK_PRIOR = 0x21;
internal static readonly short VK_END = 0x23;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD0 = 0x60;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD1 = 0x61;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD2 = 0x62;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD3 = 0x63;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD4 = 0x64;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD5 = 0x65;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD5NOTHING = 0x0C;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD6 = 0x66;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD7 = 0x67;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD8 = 0x68;
internal static readonly short VK_NUMPAD9 = 0x69;
internal static readonly short KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY = 0x0001;
internal static readonly short KEYEVENTF_KEYUP = 0x0002;
internal static readonly int GWL_EXSTYLE = -20;
internal static readonly int WS_DISABLED = 0X8000000;
internal static readonly int WM_SETFOCUS = 0X0007;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct MOUSEINPUT
{
public int dx;
public int dy;
public int mouseData;
public int dwFlags;
public int time;
public IntPtr dwExtraInfo;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct KEYBDINPUT
{
public short wVk;
public short wScan;
public int dwFlags;
public int time;
public IntPtr dwExtraInfo;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
internal struct Input
{
[FieldOffset(0)]
public int type;
[FieldOffset(4)]
public MOUSEINPUT mi;
[FieldOffset(4)]
public KEYBDINPUT ki;
[FieldOffset(4)]
public HARDWAREINPUT hi;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct HARDWAREINPUT
{
public int uMsg;
public short wParamL;
public short wParamH;
}
internal class INPUT
{
public const int MOUSE = 0;
public const int KEYBOARD = 1;
public const int HARDWARE = 2;
}
internal static class NativeMethods
{
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = false)]
internal static extern IntPtr GetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex);
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = false)]
internal static extern IntPtr SetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex, int dwNewLong);
[DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendInput", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
internal static extern UInt32 SendInput(UInt32 nInputs, Input[] pInputs, Int32 cbSize);
[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetTickCount", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
internal static extern int GetTickCount();
[DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetKeyState", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
internal static extern short GetKeyState(int nVirtKey);
[DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
internal static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
}
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