Linux Shell脚本多命令执行逻辑的示例详解
作者:玩转测试开发
简介
Linux 中可以使用分号";“、双and号”&&“和双竖线”||"来连接多个命令。根据场景的不同适当的使用合适的符号。
历史攻略
命令连接符解析:
仅连接,表示运行先后,无逻辑关系:分号";",如command1 ; command2
逻辑与关系:&&,如command1 && command2
逻辑或关系:&&,如command1 && command2
一、分号
命令之间没有逻辑关系。分号连接的命令会按照顺序从前向后依次执行,但分号两端的命令之间没有任何逻辑关系,所有写出来的命令最终都会被执行,即使分号前面的命令出错也不影响后面的命令。
二、&&
逻辑与。&&连接的命令会按照顺序从前向后执行,但只有当command1正确执行才执行command2,如果command1不正确执行,则不执行command2。在bash中,通过预定义变量“? ”来判断命令是否正确执行,如果 " ?”来判断命令是否正确执行,如果"?”来判断命令是否正确执行,如果"?"的值为0则表示前一条命令正确执行,其他任意值都表示不正确执行。
三、||
逻辑或。||连接的命令会按照顺序从前向后执行,但只有当command1不正确执行才执行command2,command1正确执行则不会执行command2。||和&&都是短路符号,符号左右的命令之间具有逻辑关系。
案例剖析
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # time: 2022/10/4 21:47 # file: cmd_1_success.py # 公众号: 玩转测试开发 def run_success_1(): print("cmd_1 start run") print("cmd_1 do something") print("cmd_1 end") if __name__ == '__main__': run_success_1()
cmd1_fail = python cmd_1_fail.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # time: 2022/10/4 21:47 # file: cmd_1_fail.py # 公众号: 玩转测试开发 def run_fail_1(): print("cmd_1 start run") raise BaseException print("cmd_1 end") if __name__ == '__main__': run_fail_1()
cmd2_success = python cmd_2_success.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # time: 2022/10/4 21:49 # file: cmd_2_success.py def run_success_2(): print("cmd_2 start run") print("cmd_2 do something") print("cmd_2 end") if __name__ == '__main__': run_success_2()
cmd2_fail = python cmd_2_fail.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # time: 2022/10/4 21:51 # file: cmd_2_fail.py # 公众号: 玩转测试开发 def run_fail_2(): print("cmd_2 start run") raise BaseException print("cmd_2 end") if __name__ == '__main__': run_fail_2()
即:存在4种基本情况
cmd_1_success、cmd_2_success
cmd_1_fail、cmd_2_success
cmd_1_success、cmd_2_fail
cmd_1_fail、cmd_2_fail
test.sh
#bin/bash python cmd_1_success; python cmd_2_success python cmd_1_success && python cmd_2_success python cmd_1_success || python cmd_2_success
演示分号的四类基础情况:
# 第一种情况:cmd_1_success; cmd_2_success cmd_1 start run cmd_1 do something cmd_1 end cmd_2 start run cmd_2 do something cmd_2 end # 第二种情况:cmd_1_fail; cmd_2_success cmd_1 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_1() File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_1 raise BaseException BaseException cmd_2 start run cmd_2 do something cmd_2 end # 第三种情况:cmd_1_success; cmd_2_fail cmd_1 start run cmd_1 do something cmd_1 end cmd_2 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_2_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_2() File "cmd_2_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_2 raise BaseException BaseException # 第四种情况:cmd_1_fail; cmd_2_fail cmd_1 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_1() File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_1 raise BaseException BaseException cmd_2 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_2_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_2() File "cmd_2_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_2 raise BaseException BaseException
演示 && 的四类基本情况:
# 第一种情况:cmd_1_success && cmd_2_success cmd_1 start run cmd_1 do something cmd_1 end cmd_2 start run cmd_2 do something cmd_2 end # 第二种情况:cmd_1_fail && cmd_2_success cmd_1 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_1() File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_1 raise BaseException BaseException # 第三种情况:cmd_1_success && cmd_2_fail cmd_1 start run cmd_1 do something cmd_1 end cmd_2 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_2_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_2() File "cmd_2_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_2 raise BaseException BaseException # 第四种情况:cmd_1_fail && cmd_2_fail cmd_1 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_1() File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_1 raise BaseException BaseException
演示 || 的四类基本情况:
# 第一种情况:cmd_1_success || cmd_2_success cmd_1 start run cmd_1 do something cmd_1 end # 第二种情况:cmd_1_fail || cmd_2_success cmd_1 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_1() File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_1 raise BaseException BaseException cmd_2 start run cmd_2 do something cmd_2 end # 第三种情况:cmd_1_success || cmd_2_fail cmd_1 start run cmd_1 do something cmd_1 end # 第四种情况:cmd_1_fail || cmd_2_fail cmd_1 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_1() File "cmd_1_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_1 raise BaseException BaseException cmd_2 start run Traceback (most recent call last): File "cmd_2_fail.py", line 14, in <module> run_fail_2() File "cmd_2_fail.py", line 9, in run_fail_2 raise BaseException BaseException
即:分号前后运行无逻辑关系;&&后面的命令需要前面的命令正常执行;
||后面的命令需要前面的命令运行失败才执行。
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