StoneDB主从配置及切换实践方案
作者：来来士
这篇文章主要介绍了StoneDB主从配置及切换实践方案的相关资料,需要的朋友可以参考下
StoneDB 的主从切换既可以手动切换，也可以自动切换，自动切换通常需要使用第三方中间件。本文介绍的是较为常用的中间件 Replication Manager，当 master 发生宕机时，可自动切换至 slave，保证业务正常运行，故障节点恢复后再加入主从。
服务器配置说明
| IP | Memory | CPU | OS version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.30.40 | 8G | 8C | CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
| 192.168.30.41 | 8G | 8C | CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
| 192.168.30.42 | 8G | 8C | CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
| 192.168.30.46 | 16G | 16C | CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
注：主从环境中的各个服务器的配置一般情况下建议是一致的，但由于 StoneDB 不管重放 binlog，还是用于 OLAP 场景的查询，都是较消耗系统资源的，建议 StoneDB 配置略高于 MySQL。
主从环境说明
| IP | DATABASE | ROLE | DB version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.30.40 | MySQL | master | MySQL 5.7 |
| 192.168.30.41 | / | Replication Manager | / |
| 192.168.30.42 | MySQL | slave | MySQL 5.7 |
| 192.168.30.46 | StoneDB | slave | StoneDB 5.7 |
注：MySQL 与 StoneDB 的版本建议保持一致。
推荐采用一主两从的架构，其中 StoneDB 不参与主从切换：
1）master（192.168.30.40）使用 InnoDB 引擎，可读写，提供 OLTP 场景的读写业务；
2）slave1（192.168.30.42）使用 InnoDB 引擎，只读，同时作为 standby，当 master 发生宕机时，可切换至 slave1，保证业务正常运行；
3）slave2（192.168.30.46）使用 Tianmu 引擎，只读，提供 OLAP 场景的读业务。
1、操作系统环境检查
操作系统环境检查的步骤在四个节点均需要执行。
1.1 关闭防火墙
# systemctl stop firewalld # systemctl disable firewalld
1.2 关闭SELINUX
# vim /etc/selinux/config SELINUX = disabled
1.3 设置Swap分区
修改vm.swappiness的值为1，表示尽量不使用Swap。
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf vm.swappiness = 1
1.4 修改操作系统的限制
# ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 1031433 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 65535 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 1024 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited 修改操作系统的软硬限制 # vim /etc/security/limits.conf * soft nofile 65535 * hard nofile 65535 mysql soft nproc 1028056 mysql hard nproc 1028056
1.5 创建用户
# groupadd mysql # useradd -g mysql mysql # passwd mysql
Replication Manager 节点无需创建，以上步骤执行完之后，重启操作系统。
2、部署MySQL
在 master 节点和 slave1 节点安装 MySQL。
2.1 下载安装包
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/从官网下载 MySQL 5.7 的安装包。
2.2 卸载mariadb
# rpm -qa|grep mariadb mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 mariadb-server-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 # yum remove mariadb* # rpm -qa|grep mariadb
2.3 上传tar包并解压
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ # cd /usr/local/ # mv mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
2.4 创建目录
# mkdir -p /mysql/data/ # mkdir -p /mysql/log # chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/
2.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
master
# vim /etc/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /mysql/data socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock pid_file = /mysql/data/mysqld.pid log_error = /mysql/log/mysqld.log log_bin = /mysql/log/mybinlog server_id = 40 character_set_server = utf8mb4 collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci max_connections = 1000 binlog_format = row default_storage_engine = innodb read_only=0 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096000000 innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 #开启GTID模式 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 #并行复制 binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking = WRITESET transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
slave1
# vim /etc/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /mysql/data socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock pid_file = /mysql/data/mysqld.pid log_error = /mysql/log/mysqld.log log_bin = /mysql/log/mybinlog server_id = 42 character_set_server = utf8mb4 collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci max_connections = 1000 binlog_format = row default_storage_engine = innodb read_only=1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096000000 innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 #开启GTID模式 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 #并行复制 slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK slave_parallel_workers = 4
2.6 初始化实例
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
2.7 启动实例
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
注：管理员用户的临时密码在 mysqld.log 中，第一次登陆后需要修改管理员用户的密码。
3、部署StoneDB
3.1 下载安装包
https://stonedb.io/zh/docs/download/从官网下载 StoneDB 5.7 的安装包。
3.2 上传tar包并解压
# cd / # tar -zxvf stonedb-ce-5.7-v1.0.0.el7.x86_64.tar.gz
用户可根据安装规范将安装包上传至服务器，解压出来的目录是 stonedb57，示例中的安装路径是 /stonedb57。
3.3 检查依赖文件
# cd /stonedb57/install/bin # ldd mysqld # ldd mysql
如果检查返回有关键字"not found"，说明缺少文件，需要安装对应的依赖包。例如：
libsnappy.so.1 => not found
在 Ubuntu 上使用命令 "sudo apt search libsnappy" 检查，说明需要安装 libsnappy-dev。在 RedHat 或者 CentOS 上使用命令 "yum search all snappy" 检查，说明需要安装 snappy-devel、snappy。
3.4 创建目录
mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/data mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/binlog mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/log mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/tmp mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/redolog mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/undolog chown -R mysql:mysql /stonedb57
3.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
# vim /stonedb57/install/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 basedir = /stonedb57/install/ datadir = /stonedb57/install/data socket = /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock pid_file = /stonedb57/install/data/mysqld.pid log_error = /stonedb57/install/log/mysqld.log log_bin = /stonedb57/install/binlog/binlog server_id = 46 character_set_server = utf8mb4 collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci max_connections = 1000 binlog_format = row default_storage_engine = tianmu read_only=1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048000000 innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 innodb_log_group_home_dir = /stonedb57/install/redolog/ innodb_undo_directory = /stonedb57/install/undolog/ innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3 innodb_undo_logs = 128 #开启GTID模式 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 #并行复制 slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK slave_parallel_workers = 8
3.6 初始化实例
/stonedb57/install/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/stonedb57/install/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
3.7 启动实例
/stonedb57/install/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/stonedb57/install/my.cnf --user=mysql &
注：管理员用户的临时密码在 mysqld.log 中，第一次登陆后需要修改管理员用户的密码。
4、配置主从
4.1 创建复制用户
create user 'repl'@'%' identified by 'mysql123'; grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%';
4.2 备份主库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmysql123 --single-transaction --set-gtid-purged=on -B aa > /tmp/aa.sql
4.3 传输备份文件
scp /tmp/aa.sql root@192.168.30.42:/tmp scp /tmp/aa.sql root@192.168.30.43:/tmp
注：如果数据较大，建议使用 mydumper.
4.4 slave1节点
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pmysql123 -S /mysqldb/data/mysql.sock source /tmp/aa.sql
注：恢复前需要确保 gtid_executed 为空。
4.5 slave2节点
在恢复前，需要修改存储引擎，注释锁表语句。
sed -i 's/UNLOCK TABLES/-- UNLOCK TABLES/g' /tmp/aa.sql sed -i 's/LOCK TABLES `/-- LOCK TABLES `/g' /tmp/aa.sql sed -i 's/ENGINE=InnoDB/ENGINE=tianmu/g' /tmp/aa.sql /stonedb57/install/bin/mysql -uroot -pmysql123 -S /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock source /tmp/aa.sql
注：恢复前需要确保 gtid_executed 为空。
4.6 建立主从复制
slave1节点
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.30.40', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql123', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1; start slave; show slave status\G
slave2节点
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.30.40', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql123', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1; start slave; show slave status\G
5、配置Replication Manager
5.1 配置hosts文件
在所有节点都要配置
# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.30.40 HAMI01 192.168.30.41 HAMI02 192.168.30.42 HAMI03 192.168.30.46 HAST05
5.2 配置免密
在 Replication Manager 节点配置
ssh-keygen ssh-copy-id HAMI01 ssh-copy-id HAMI03 ssh-copy-id HAST05 ssh HAMI01 ssh HAMI03 ssh HAST05
注：若 ssh 免密登录表示免密配置成功。
5.3 配置yum源
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/signal18.repo [signal18] name=Signal18 repositories baseurl=http://repo.signal18.io/centos/2.1/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1
5.4 安装Replication Manager
# yum install -y replication-manager-osc # rpm -qa|grep replication replication-manager-osc-2.2.20-1.x86_64
5.5 主库创建监控用户
create user 'rep_monitor'@'%' identified by 'mysql123'; grant reload, process, super, replication slave, replication client, event ON *.* to 'rep_monitor'@'%'; grant select ON mysql.event to 'rep_monitor'@'%'; grant select ON mysql.user to 'rep_monitor'@'%'; grant select ON performance_schema.* to 'rep_monitor'@'%';
5.6 配置config.toml
# vim /etc/replication-manager/config.toml # 集群名称 [StoneDB-HA] # 主从节点 db-servers-hosts = "192.168.30.40:3306,192.168.30.42:3306,192.168.30.46:3306" # 主节点 db-servers-prefered-master = "192.168.30.40:3306" # 监控用户 db-servers-credential = "rep_monitor:mysql123" db-servers-connect-timeout = 2 # 复制用户 replication-credential = "repl:mysql123" # StoneDB不被用于切换 db-servers-ignored-hosts="192.168.30.46:3306" ############## ## FAILOVER ## ############## # 故障自动切换 failover-mode = "automatic" # 30s内再次发生故障不切换，防止硬件问题或网络问题 failover-time-limit=30 [Default] ######### ## LOG ## ######### log-file = "/var/log/replication-manager.log" log-heartbeat = false log-syslog = false monitoring-datadir = "/var/lib/replication-manager" log-level=1 replication-multi-master = false replication-multi-tier-slave = false failover-readonly-state = true http-server = true http-bind-address = "0.0.0.0" http-port = "10001"
5.7 启动Replication Manager
# systemctl start replication-manager # netstat -lntp|grep replication tcp6 0 0 :::10001 :::* LISTEN 13128/replication-m tcp6 0 0 :::10005 :::* LISTEN 13128/replication-m
5.8 WEB登录
http://192.168.30.41:10001默认用户名密码为 admin/repman
6、建议项
1）建议设置为 GTID 模式；
2）建议主从配置成半同步模式；
3）StoneDB 不参与主从切换。
到此这篇关于StoneDB主从配置及切换实践方案的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关StoneDB主从配置内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！