利用AOP实现系统告警的方法详解
作者：知了一笑
在开发的过程中会遇到各种各样的开发问题，服务器宕机、网络抖动、代码本身的bug等等。针对代码的bug，我们可以提前预支，通过发送告警信息来警示我们去干预，尽早处理。本文将利用AOP实现系统告警，需要的可以参考一下
一、业务背景
在开发的过程中会遇到各种各样的开发问题，服务器宕机、网络抖动、代码本身的bug等等。针对代码的bug，我们可以提前预支，通过发送告警信息来警示我们去干预，尽早处理。
二、告警的方式
1、钉钉告警
通过在企业钉钉群，添加群机器人的方式，通过机器人向群内发送报警信息。至于钉钉机器人怎么创建，发送消息的api等等，请参考官方文档
2、企业微信告警
同样的套路，企业微信也是，在企业微信群中，添加群机器人。通过机器人发送告警信息。具体请看官方文档
3、邮件告警
与上述不同的是，邮件是发送给个人的，当然也可以是批量发送，只实现了发送文本格式的方式，至于markdown格式，有待考察。邮件发送相对比较简单，这里就不展开赘述。
三、源码解析
1、Alarm自定义注解
@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface Alarm {
/**
* 报警标题
*
* @return String
*/
String title() default "";
/**
* 发送报警格式：目前支持text，markdown
* @return
*/
MessageTye messageType() default MessageTye.TEXT;
/**
* 告警模板id
* @return
*/
String templateId() default "";
/**
* 成功是否通知：true-通知，false-不通知
* @return
*/
boolean successNotice() default false;
}
1.1、注解使用
@Alarm标记在方法上使用，被标记的方法发生异常，会根据配置，读取配置信息，发送异常堆栈信息。使用方法如下所示：
@Alarm(title = "某某业务告警", messageType = MessageTye.MARKDOWN, templateId = "errorTemp")
1.2、注解字段解析
title
告警消息标题：可以定义为业务信息，如导师身份计算
messageType
告警消息展示类型：目前支持text文本类型，markdown类型
templateId
消息模板id：与配置文件中配置的模板id一致
successNotice
正常情况是否也需要发送告警信息，默认值是fasle，表示不需要发送。当然，有些业务场景正常情况也需要发送，比如：支付出单通知等。
2、配置文件分析
2.1、钉钉配置文件
spring: alarm: dingtalk: # 开启钉钉发送告警 enabled: true # 钉钉群机器人唯一的token token: xxxxxx # 安全设置：加签的密钥 secret: xxxxxxx
2.2、企业微信配置文件
spring: alarm: wechat: # 开启企业微信告警 enabled: true # 企业微信群机器人唯一key key: xxxxxdsf # 被@人的手机号 to-user: 1314243
2.3、邮件配置文件
spring: alarm: mail: enabled: true smtpHost: xxx@qq.com smtpPort: 22 to: xxx@qq.com from: 132@qq.com username: wsrf password: xxx
2.4、自定义模板配置
spring: alarm: template: # 开启通过模板配置 enabled: true # 配置模板来源为文件 source: FILE # 配置模板数据 templates: errorTemp: templateId: errorTemp templateName: 服务异常模板 templateContent: 这里是配置模板的内容
spring:alarm:template:enabled，Boolean类型，表示开启告警消息使用模板发送。spring:alarm:template:source，模板来源，枚举类：JDBC（数据库）、FILE（配置文件）、MEMORY（内存），目前只支持FILE，其他两种可自行扩展。spring:alarm:template:templates，配置模板内容，是一个map，errorTemp是模板id，需要使用哪种模板，就在@Alarm中的templateId设置为对应配置文件中的templateId。
3、核心AOP分析
3.1、原理分析
3.2、自定义切面
@Aspect
@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class AlarmAspect {
private final AlarmTemplateProvider alarmTemplateProvider;
private final static String ERROR_TEMPLATE = "\n\n<font color=\"#F37335\">异常信息:</font>\n" +
"```java\n" +
"#{[exception]}\n" +
"```\n";
private final static String TEXT_ERROR_TEMPLATE = "\n异常信息:\n" +
"#{[exception]}";
private final static String MARKDOWN_TITLE_TEMPLATE = "# 【#{[title]}】\n" +
"\n请求状态：<font color=\"#{[stateColor]}\">#{[state]}</font>\n\n";
private final static String TEXT_TITLE_TEMPLATE = "【#{[title]}】\n" +
"请求状态：#{[state]}\n";
@Pointcut("@annotation(alarm)")
public void alarmPointcut(Alarm alarm) {
}
@Around(value = "alarmPointcut(alarm)", argNames = "joinPoint,alarm")
public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Alarm alarm) throws Throwable {
Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
if (alarm.successNotice()) {
String templateId = alarm.templateId();
String fileTemplateContent = "";
if (Objects.nonNull(alarmTemplateProvider)) {
AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = alarmTemplateProvider.loadingAlarmTemplate(templateId);
fileTemplateContent = alarmTemplate.getTemplateContent();
}
String templateContent = "";
MessageTye messageTye = alarm.messageType();
if (messageTye.equals(MessageTye.TEXT)) {
templateContent = TEXT_TITLE_TEMPLATE.concat(fileTemplateContent);
} else if (messageTye.equals(MessageTye.MARKDOWN)) {
templateContent = MARKDOWN_TITLE_TEMPLATE.concat(fileTemplateContent);
}
Map<String, Object> alarmParamMap = new HashMap<>();
alarmParamMap.put("title", alarm.title());
alarmParamMap.put("stateColor", "#45B649");
alarmParamMap.put("state", "成功");
sendAlarm(alarm, templateContent, alarmParamMap);
}
return result;
}
@AfterThrowing(pointcut = "alarmPointcut(alarm)", argNames = "joinPoint,alarm,e", throwing = "e")
public void doAfterThrow(JoinPoint joinPoint, Alarm alarm, Exception e) {
log.info("请求接口发生异常 : [{}]", e.getMessage());
String templateId = alarm.templateId();
// 加载模板中配置的内容，若有
String templateContent = "";
String fileTemplateContent = "";
if (Objects.nonNull(alarmTemplateProvider)) {
AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = alarmTemplateProvider.loadingAlarmTemplate(templateId);
fileTemplateContent = alarmTemplate.getTemplateContent();
}
MessageTye messageTye = alarm.messageType();
if (messageTye.equals(MessageTye.TEXT)) {
templateContent = TEXT_TITLE_TEMPLATE.concat(fileTemplateContent).concat(TEXT_ERROR_TEMPLATE);
} else if (messageTye.equals(MessageTye.MARKDOWN)) {
templateContent = MARKDOWN_TITLE_TEMPLATE.concat(fileTemplateContent).concat(ERROR_TEMPLATE);
}
Map<String, Object> alarmParamMap = new HashMap<>();
alarmParamMap.put("title", alarm.title());
alarmParamMap.put("stateColor", "#FF4B2B");
alarmParamMap.put("state", "失败");
alarmParamMap.put("exception", ExceptionUtil.stacktraceToString(e));
sendAlarm(alarm, templateContent, alarmParamMap);
}
private void sendAlarm(Alarm alarm, String templateContent, Map<String, Object> alarmParamMap) {
ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
TemplateParserContext parserContext = new TemplateParserContext();
String message = parser.parseExpression(templateContent, parserContext).getValue(alarmParamMap, String.class);
MessageTye messageTye = alarm.messageType();
NotifyMessage notifyMessage = new NotifyMessage();
notifyMessage.setTitle(alarm.title());
notifyMessage.setMessageTye(messageTye);
notifyMessage.setMessage(message);
AlarmFactoryExecute.execute(notifyMessage);
}
}
4、模板提供器
4.1、AlarmTemplateProvider
定义一个抽象接口AlarmTemplateProvider，用于被具体的子类实现
public interface AlarmTemplateProvider {
/**
* 加载告警模板
*
* @param templateId 模板id
* @return AlarmTemplate
*/
AlarmTemplate loadingAlarmTemplate(String templateId);
}
4.2、BaseAlarmTemplateProvider
抽象类BaseAlarmTemplateProvider实现该抽象接口
public abstract class BaseAlarmTemplateProvider implements AlarmTemplateProvider {
@Override
public AlarmTemplate loadingAlarmTemplate(String templateId) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(templateId)) {
throw new AlarmException(400, "告警模板配置id不能为空");
}
return getAlarmTemplate(templateId);
}
/**
* 查询告警模板
*
* @param templateId 模板id
* @return AlarmTemplate
*/
abstract AlarmTemplate getAlarmTemplate(String templateId);
}
4.3、YamlAlarmTemplateProvider
具体实现类YamlAlarmTemplateProvider，实现从配置文件中读取模板，该类在项目启动时，会被加载进spring的bean容器
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class YamlAlarmTemplateProvider extends BaseAlarmTemplateProvider {
private final TemplateConfig templateConfig;
@Override
AlarmTemplate getAlarmTemplate(String templateId) {
Map<String, AlarmTemplate> configTemplates = templateConfig.getTemplates();
AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = configTemplates.get(templateId);
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(alarmTemplate)) {
throw new AlarmException(400, "未发现告警配置模板");
}
return alarmTemplate;
}
}
4.4、MemoryAlarmTemplateProvider和JdbcAlarmTemplateProvider
抽象类BaseAlarmTemplateProvider还有其他两个子类，分别是MemoryAlarmTemplateProvider和JdbcAlarmTemplateProvider。但是这两个子类暂时还未实现逻辑，后续可以自行扩展。
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class MemoryAlarmTemplateProvider extends BaseAlarmTemplateProvider {
private final Function<String, AlarmTemplate> function;
@Override
AlarmTemplate getAlarmTemplate(String templateId) {
AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = function.apply(templateId);
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(alarmTemplate)) {
throw new AlarmException(400, "未发现告警配置模板");
}
return alarmTemplate;
}
}
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class JdbcAlarmTemplateProvider extends BaseAlarmTemplateProvider {
private final Function<String, AlarmTemplate> function;
@Override
AlarmTemplate getAlarmTemplate(String templateId) {
AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = function.apply(templateId);
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(alarmTemplate)) {
throw new AlarmException(400, "未发现告警配置模板");
}
return alarmTemplate;
}
}
两个类中都有Function<String, AlarmTemplate>接口，为函数式接口，可以供外部自行去实现逻辑。
5、告警发送
5.1、AlarmFactoryExecute
该类内部保存了一个容器，主要用于缓存真正的发送类
public class AlarmFactoryExecute {
private static List<AlarmWarnService> serviceList = new ArrayList<>();
public AlarmFactoryExecute(List<AlarmWarnService> alarmLogWarnServices) {
serviceList = alarmLogWarnServices;
}
public static void addAlarmLogWarnService(AlarmWarnService alarmLogWarnService) {
serviceList.add(alarmLogWarnService);
}
public static List<AlarmWarnService> getServiceList() {
return serviceList;
}
public static void execute(NotifyMessage notifyMessage) {
for (AlarmWarnService alarmWarnService : getServiceList()) {
alarmWarnService.send(notifyMessage);
}
}
}
5.2、AlarmWarnService
抽象接口，只提供一个发送的方法
public interface AlarmWarnService {
/**
* 发送信息
*
* @param notifyMessage message
*/
void send(NotifyMessage notifyMessage);
}
5.3、BaseWarnService
与抽象的模板提供器AlarmTemplateProvider一样的套路，该接口有一个抽象的实现类BaseWarnService,该类对外暴露send方法，用于发送消息，内部用doSendMarkdown，doSendText方法实现具体的发送逻辑，当然具体发送逻辑还是得由其子类去实现。
@Slf4j
public abstract class BaseWarnService implements AlarmWarnService {
@Override
public void send(NotifyMessage notifyMessage) {
if (notifyMessage.getMessageTye().equals(MessageTye.TEXT)) {
CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
try {
doSendText(notifyMessage.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("send text warn message error", e);
}
});
} else if (notifyMessage.getMessageTye().equals(MessageTye.MARKDOWN)) {
CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
try {
doSendMarkdown(notifyMessage.getTitle(), notifyMessage.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("send markdown warn message error", e);
}
});
}
}
/**
* 发送Markdown消息
*
* @param title Markdown标题
* @param message Markdown消息
* @throws Exception 异常
*/
protected abstract void doSendMarkdown(String title, String message) throws Exception;
/**
* 发送文本消息
*
* @param message 文本消息
* @throws Exception 异常
*/
protected abstract void doSendText(String message) throws Exception;
}
5.4、DingTalkWarnService
主要实现了钉钉发送告警信息的逻辑
@Slf4j
public class DingTalkWarnService extends BaseWarnService {
private static final String ROBOT_SEND_URL = "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=";
private final String token;
private final String secret;
public DingTalkWarnService(String token, String secret) {
this.token = token;
this.secret = secret;
}
public void sendRobotMessage(DingTalkSendRequest dingTalkSendRequest) throws Exception {
String json = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(dingTalkSendRequest);
String sign = getSign();
String body = HttpRequest.post(sign).contentType(ContentType.JSON.getValue()).body(json).execute().body();
log.info("钉钉机器人通知结果：{}", body);
}
/**
* 获取签名
*
* @return 返回签名
*/
private String getSign() throws Exception {
long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
String stringToSign = timestamp + "\n" + secret;
Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256");
mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(secret.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), "HmacSHA256"));
byte[] signData = mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return ROBOT_SEND_URL + token + "×tamp=" + timestamp + "&sign=" + URLEncoder.encode(new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(signData)), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString());
}
@Override
protected void doSendText(String message) throws Exception {
DingTalkSendRequest param = new DingTalkSendRequest();
param.setMsgtype(DingTalkSendMsgTypeEnum.TEXT.getType());
param.setText(new DingTalkSendRequest.Text(message));
sendRobotMessage(param);
}
@Override
protected void doSendMarkdown(String title, String message) throws Exception {
DingTalkSendRequest param = new DingTalkSendRequest();
param.setMsgtype(DingTalkSendMsgTypeEnum.MARKDOWN.getType());
DingTalkSendRequest.Markdown markdown = new DingTalkSendRequest.Markdown(title, message);
param.setMarkdown(markdown);
sendRobotMessage(param);
}
}
5.5、WorkWeXinWarnService
主要实现了发送企业微信告警信息的逻辑
@Slf4j
public class WorkWeXinWarnService extends BaseWarnService {
private static final String SEND_MESSAGE_URL = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=%s";
private final String key;
private final String toUser;
public WorkWeXinWarnService(String key, String toUser) {
this.key = key;
this.toUser = toUser;
}
private String createPostData(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum messageTye, String contentValue) {
WorkWeXinSendRequest wcd = new WorkWeXinSendRequest();
wcd.setMsgtype(messageTye.getType());
List<String> toUsers = Arrays.asList("@all");
if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(toUser)) {
String[] split = toUser.split("\\|");
toUsers = Arrays.asList(split);
}
if (messageTye.equals(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum.TEXT)) {
WorkWeXinSendRequest.Text text = new WorkWeXinSendRequest.Text(contentValue, toUsers);
wcd.setText(text);
} else if (messageTye.equals(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum.MARKDOWN)) {
WorkWeXinSendRequest.Markdown markdown = new WorkWeXinSendRequest.Markdown(contentValue, toUsers);
wcd.setMarkdown(markdown);
}
return JSONUtil.toJsonStr(wcd);
}
@Override
protected void doSendText(String message) {
String data = createPostData(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum.TEXT, message);
String url = String.format(SEND_MESSAGE_URL, key);
String resp = HttpRequest.post(url).body(data).execute().body();
log.info("send work weixin message call [{}], param:{}, resp:{}", url, data, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doSendMarkdown(String title, String message) {
String data = createPostData(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum.MARKDOWN, message);
String url = String.format(SEND_MESSAGE_URL, key);
String resp = HttpRequest.post(url).body(data).execute().body();
log.info("send work weixin message call [{}], param:{}, resp:{}", url, data, resp);
}
}
5.6、MailWarnService
主要实现邮件告警逻辑
@Slf4j
public class MailWarnService extends BaseWarnService {
private final String smtpHost;
private final String smtpPort;
private final String to;
private final String from;
private final String username;
private final String password;
private Boolean ssl = true;
private Boolean debug = false;
public MailWarnService(String smtpHost, String smtpPort, String to, String from, String username, String password) {
this.smtpHost = smtpHost;
this.smtpPort = smtpPort;
this.to = to;
this.from = from;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
public void setSsl(Boolean ssl) {
this.ssl = ssl;
}
public void setDebug(Boolean debug) {
this.debug = debug;
}
@Override
protected void doSendText(String message) throws Exception {
Properties props = new Properties();
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost);
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", smtpPort);
props.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", true);
Session session = Session.getInstance(props);
session.setDebug(false);
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
for (String toUser : to.split(",")) {
msg.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(toUser));
}
Map<String, String> map = JSONUtil.toBean(message, Map.class);
msg.setSubject(map.get("subject"), "UTF-8");
msg.setContent(map.get("content"), "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
msg.setSentDate(new Date());
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
transport.connect(username, password);
transport.sendMessage(msg, msg.getAllRecipients());
transport.close();
}
@Override
protected void doSendMarkdown(String title, String message) throws Exception {
log.warn("暂不支持发送Markdown邮件");
}
}
6、AlarmAutoConfiguration自动装配类
运用了springboot自定义的starter，再META-INF包下的配置文件spring.factories下，配置上该类
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ com.seven.buttemsg.autoconfigure.AlarmAutoConfiguration
自动装配类，用于装载自定义的bean
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class AlarmAutoConfiguration {
// 邮件相关配置装载
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = MailConfig.PREFIX, name = "enabled", havingValue = "true")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MailConfig.class)
static class MailWarnServiceMethod {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(MailWarnService.class)
public MailWarnService mailWarnService(final MailConfig mailConfig) {
MailWarnService mailWarnService = new MailWarnService(mailConfig.getSmtpHost(), mailConfig.getSmtpPort(), mailConfig.getTo(), mailConfig.getFrom(), mailConfig.getUsername(), mailConfig.getPassword());
mailWarnService.setSsl(mailConfig.getSsl());
mailWarnService.setDebug(mailConfig.getDebug());
AlarmFactoryExecute.addAlarmLogWarnService(mailWarnService);
return mailWarnService;
}
}
// 企业微信相关配置装载
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = WorkWeXinConfig.PREFIX, name = "enabled", havingValue = "true")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WorkWeXinConfig.class)
static class WorkWechatWarnServiceMethod {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(MailWarnService.class)
public WorkWeXinWarnService workWechatWarnService(final WorkWeXinConfig workWeXinConfig) {
return new WorkWeXinWarnService(workWeXinConfig.getKey(), workWeXinConfig.getToUser());
}
@Autowired
void setDataChangedListener(WorkWeXinWarnService workWeXinWarnService) {
AlarmFactoryExecute.addAlarmLogWarnService(workWeXinWarnService);
}
}
// 钉钉相关配置装载
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = DingTalkConfig.PREFIX, name = "enabled", havingValue = "true")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(DingTalkConfig.class)
static class DingTalkWarnServiceMethod {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DingTalkWarnService.class)
public DingTalkWarnService dingTalkWarnService(final DingTalkConfig dingtalkConfig) {
DingTalkWarnService dingTalkWarnService = new DingTalkWarnService(dingtalkConfig.getToken(), dingtalkConfig.getSecret());
AlarmFactoryExecute.addAlarmLogWarnService(dingTalkWarnService);
return dingTalkWarnService;
}
}
// 消息模板配置装载
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = TemplateConfig.PREFIX, name = "enabled", havingValue = "true")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(TemplateConfig.class)
static class TemplateConfigServiceMethod {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public AlarmTemplateProvider alarmTemplateProvider(TemplateConfig templateConfig) {
if (TemplateSource.FILE == templateConfig.getSource()) {
return new YamlAlarmTemplateProvider(templateConfig);
} else if (TemplateSource.JDBC == templateConfig.getSource()) {
// 数据库（如mysql）读取文件，未实现，可自行扩展
return new JdbcAlarmTemplateProvider(templateId -> null);
} else if (TemplateSource.MEMORY == templateConfig.getSource()) {
// 内存（如redis，本地内存）读取文件，未实现，可自行扩展
return new MemoryAlarmTemplateProvider(templateId -> null);
}
return new YamlAlarmTemplateProvider(templateConfig);
}
}
@Bean
public AlarmAspect alarmAspect(@Autowired(required = false) AlarmTemplateProvider alarmTemplateProvider) {
return new AlarmAspect(alarmTemplateProvider);
}
}
四、总结
主要借助spring的切面技术，以及springboot的自动装配原理，实现了发送告警逻辑。对业务代码无侵入，只需要在业务代码上标记注解，就可实现可插拔的功能，比较轻量。
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