Android浅析viewBinding和DataBinding
作者:FranzLiszt1847
viewBinding
优点
当一个页面布局出现多个控件时,使用findViewById去进行控件绑定,过于冗长,且存在NULL指针异常风险。viewBinding直接创建对视图的引用,不存在因控件ID不存在而引发的NULL指针异常。并且在绑定类中对控件添加@NonNull
注解
findViewById | viewBinding |
---|---|
冗长 | 简短 |
NULL | NULL安全 |
配置
3.6之前的版本在build.gradle文件中声明如下定义
viewBinding { enabled = true }
4.0以上的版本在build.gradle文件中声明如下定义
buildFeatures { viewBinding = true }
声明如上定义之后,点击同步(Sync Now)按钮,系统会自动生成viewBinding类,例如MainActivity会生成名为ActivityMainBinding的类,ReceiveActivity会生成名为ActivityReceiveBinding的类,以此类推;
以上viewBinding类会生成在如下路径文件中
build//generated//data_binding_base_class_source_out//debug//out//com.你的包名//databinding
使用
使用步骤很简单,需要被调用的控件声明id就行,然后声明viewBinding类对象
private ActivityMainBinding binding;
绑定视图:
binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater()); setContentView(binding.getRoot());
控件引用:
binding.postMes.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this,ReceiverActivity.class)); } });
源码解析
如上所示,我们使用了ActivityMainBinding.inflate()方法进行视图绑定和binding.getRoot()方法获取视图。
首先我们在外部通过调用ActivityMainBinding.inflate()方法。
@NonNull public static ActivityMainBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater) { return inflate(inflater, null, false); }
然后内部进行重载,添加我们的Avcivity的布局文件,并调研bind(root)方法
@NonNull public static ActivityMainBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup parent, boolean attachToParent) { View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_main, parent, false); if (attachToParent) { parent.addView(root); } return bind(root); }
在bind方法中进行控件绑定,通过其findChildViewById()方法
@NonNull public static ActivityMainBinding bind(@NonNull View rootView) { // The body of this method is generated in a way you would not otherwise write. // This is done to optimize the compiled bytecode for size and performance. int id; missingId: { id = R.id.content; TextView content = ViewBindings.findChildViewById(rootView, id); if (content == null) { break missingId; } id = R.id.postMes; Button postMes = ViewBindings.findChildViewById(rootView, id); if (postMes == null) { break missingId; } return new ActivityMainBinding((LinearLayout) rootView, content, postMes); } String missingId = rootView.getResources().getResourceName(id); throw new NullPointerException("Missing required view with ID: ".concat(missingId)); }
然后在findChildViewById()方法中最终也使用到了findViewById()方法,但差距在于跳过视图本身
/** * Like `findViewById` but skips the view itself. * * @hide */ @Nullable public static <T extends View> T findChildViewById(View rootView, @IdRes int id) { if (!(rootView instanceof ViewGroup)) { return null; } final ViewGroup rootViewGroup = (ViewGroup) rootView; final int childCount = rootViewGroup.getChildCount(); for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { final T view = rootViewGroup.getChildAt(i).findViewById(id); if (view != null) { return view; } } return null; }
最后通过将获取到的控件定义与内部定义的字段进行缝合,以暴露给外部使用
@NonNull private final LinearLayout rootView; @NonNull public final TextView content; @NonNull public final Button postMes;
private ActivityMainBinding(@NonNull LinearLayout rootView, @NonNull TextView content, @NonNull Button postMes) { this.rootView = rootView; this.content = content; this.postMes = postMes; }
DataBinding
配置
依旧在build.gradle文件中配置如下定义:
dataBinding { enabled = true }
创建实体类
实体类通过继承BaseObservable
类,而BaseObservable
又实现了Observable
,从而获取添加和移除监听的机制。
在get()方法中使用@Bindable
注解,会自动生成BR类,此类中将添加@Bindable
的字段声明成常量,然后在set()方法使用notifyPropertyChanged()配合使用,当数据发生变化时,dataBinding会自动修改该字段的值。
public class EventMessage extends BaseObservable { public String title; public EventMessage(){ } public EventMessage(String title){ this.title = title; } @Bindable public String getTitle() { return title; } /** * @param title*/ public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; notifyPropertyChanged(BR.title); } }
创建布局
创建layout标签布局才会生成ActivityMainBinding(以及布局文件名而定)
EditText通过使用如下定义进行绑定,
android:text="@={viewModel.message.title}"
Button通过如下定义进行点击事件监听
android:onClick="@{viewModel.setText}"
以上两者的存在差距,EditText多了一个=
,而Button没有,并且Button绑定监听事件,不需要加()
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"> <data> <variable name="viewModel" type="com.franzliszt.databinding.ViewModel" /> </data> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity" android:orientation="vertical" android:gravity="center"> <EditText android:id="@+id/inputText" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:hint="default" android:text="@={viewModel.message.title}"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/ShowText" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text=""/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="update" android:onClick="@{viewModel.setText}"/> </LinearLayout> </layout>
创建viewModel
通过监听Button点击事件,在其中监听EditText输入事件,并将其输入的字符串显示在TextView中
public class ViewModel { private ActivityMainBinding binding; public EventMessage message; public ViewModel(ActivityMainBinding binding, EventMessage message){ this.binding = binding; this.message = message; } public void setText(View view){ String str = message.getTitle(); binding.ShowText.setText(str); } }
dataBinding绑定
private ActivityMainBinding binding;
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView( this,R.layout.activity_main ); binding.setViewModel(new ViewModel(binding,new EventMessage()));
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