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详解Objective C 中Block如何捕获外部值

作者:小橘爷

这篇文章主要为大家介绍了详解Objective C 中Block如何捕获外部值实现示例,有需要的朋友可以借鉴参考下,希望能够有所帮助,祝大家多多进步,早日升职加薪

引言

Block 本质上也是一个 Objective-C 对象,它内部也有个 isa指针。Block 是封装了函数调用以及函数调用环境的 Objective-C 对象。Block 的底层结构如下图所示:

Block 对于不同类型的值会有不同的捕获方式,本文将通过代码展示其对于各种场景下的外部值是如何进行捕获的。

自动变量

首先展示源代码:

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        NSInteger value = 0;
        void(^block)(void) = ^{
            NSLog(@"%zd", value);
        };
        block();
    }
    return 0;
}

经过 clang -rewrite-objc 之后,得到的代码如下,可以看到,对于自动变量的捕获,是会在 Block 结构体中生成一个对应类型的成员变量来实现捕获的能力,这也解释了为什么在 Block 中修改捕获的值的内容,无法对 Block 外的值产生影响。

struct __main_block_impl_0 {
  struct __block_impl impl;
  struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
  NSInteger value; // 捕获的 NSInteger value
  __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, NSInteger _value, int flags=0) : value(_value) {
    impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
    impl.Flags = flags;
    impl.FuncPtr = fp;
    Desc = desc;
  }
};
static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
  NSInteger value = __cself->value; // bound by copy
            NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_zz_zyxvpxvq6csfxvn_n0000000000000_T_main_e3ca95_mi_0, value);
        }
static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
  size_t reserved;
  size_t Block_size;
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0)};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    /* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool; 
        NSInteger value = 0;
        void(*block)(void) = ((void (*)())&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, value));
        ((void (*)(__block_impl *))((__block_impl *)block)->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)block);
    }
    return 0;
}

静态变量、静态全局变量与全局变量

对于静态变量、静态全局变量与全局变量的捕获,会稍有不同,其中:

NSInteger globalValue = 1;
static NSInteger staticGlobalValue = 2;
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        static NSInteger staticValue = 3;
        void(^block)(void) = ^{
            globalValue += 1;
            staticGlobalValue += 2;
            staticValue += 3;
        };
        block();
    }
    return 0;
}
NSInteger globalValue = 1;
static NSInteger staticGlobalValue = 2;
struct __main_block_impl_0 {
  struct __block_impl impl;
  struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
  NSInteger *staticValue;
  __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, NSInteger *_staticValue, int flags=0) : staticValue(_staticValue) {
    impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
    impl.Flags = flags;
    impl.FuncPtr = fp;
    Desc = desc;
  }
};
static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
  NSInteger *staticValue = __cself->staticValue; // bound by copy
            globalValue += 1;
            staticGlobalValue += 2;
            (*staticValue) += 3;
        }
static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
  size_t reserved;
  size_t Block_size;
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0)};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    /* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool; 
        static NSInteger staticValue = 3;
        void(*block)(void) = ((void (*)())&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, &staticValue));
        ((void (*)(__block_impl *))((__block_impl *)block)->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)block);
    }
    return 0;
}

带 __block 的自动变量

__block 修饰的自动变量,可以在 Block 内部对其外部的值进行修改:

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        __block NSInteger value = 0;
        void(^block)(void) = ^{
            value = 10;
        };
        block();
        NSLog(@"%zd", value);
    }
    return 0;
}

这次生成的代码复杂了一些,不过只关注 value 部分的话可以发现,Block 为了捕获 __block 类型的自动变量,会生成 __Block_byref_value_0 结构体,并通过该结构体来实现对外部 __block 自动变量的捕获。

struct __Block_byref_value_0 { // 为捕获 __block 的自动变量,生成的结构体。为的是方便多个 Block 同时捕获一个自动变量时使用。
  void *__isa; // isa 指针
__Block_byref_value_0 *__forwarding; // 在 Block 单纯在栈上是,指向的是自己,拷贝到堆上后,指向的是在堆上的 Block。之所以需要这样的指针是因为当 Block 拷贝到堆上时,调用方式是统一的。
 int __flags;
 int __size;
 NSInteger value; // 具体的值
};
struct __main_block_impl_0 {
  struct __block_impl impl;
  struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
  __Block_byref_value_0 *value; // 通过引用的方式捕获 value,其中变量类型为 __Block_byref_value_0
  __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, __Block_byref_value_0 *_value, int flags=0) : value(_value->__forwarding) {
    impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
    impl.Flags = flags;
    impl.FuncPtr = fp;
    Desc = desc;
  }
};
static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
  __Block_byref_value_0 *value = __cself->value; // bound by ref
            (value->__forwarding->value) = 10; // 赋值代码
        }
static void __main_block_copy_0(struct __main_block_impl_0*dst, struct __main_block_impl_0*src) {_Block_object_assign((void*)&dst->value, (void*)src->value, 8/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF*/);}
static void __main_block_dispose_0(struct __main_block_impl_0*src) {_Block_object_dispose((void*)src->value, 8/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF*/);}
static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
  size_t reserved;
  size_t Block_size;
  void (*copy)(struct __main_block_impl_0*, struct __main_block_impl_0*);
  void (*dispose)(struct __main_block_impl_0*);
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0), __main_block_copy_0, __main_block_dispose_0};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    /* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool; 
        __attribute__((__blocks__(byref))) __Block_byref_value_0 value = {(void*)0,(__Block_byref_value_0 *)&value, 0, sizeof(__Block_byref_value_0), 0};
        void(*block)(void) = ((void (*)())&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, (__Block_byref_value_0 *)&value, 570425344));
        ((void (*)(__block_impl *))((__block_impl *)block)->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)block);
        NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_zz_zyxvpxvq6csfxvn_n0000000000000_T_main_6bf1c6_mi_0, (value.__forwarding->value));
    }
    return 0;
}

__block 可以用于解决 block 内部无法修改 auto 变量值的问题,__block 不能修饰全局变量、静态变量(static),编译器会将 __block 变量包装成一个对象。

block 在栈上时,并不会对 __block 变量产生强引用。

blockcopy 到堆时,会调用 block 内部的 copy 函数,copy 函数内部会调用 _Block_object_assign 函数,_Block_object_assign 函数会对 __block 变量形成强引用(retain)。

block 从堆中移除时,会调用 block 内部的 dispose 函数,dispose 函数内部会调用 _Block_object_dispose 函数,_Block_object_dispose 函数会自动释放引用的 __block 变量(release)。

捕获对象

在探究完对标量类型的捕获之后,让我们看一下对对象类型的捕获:

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        NSArray *array = [NSArray array];
        void(^block)(void) = ^{
            NSLog(@"%@", array);
        };
        block();
    }
    return 0;
}

通过转译的代码可以看出,因为对象类型本身已经是存储在堆上的值了,所以直接获取其地址即可,同时其新增了两个函数 __main_block_copy_0__main_block_dispose_0,这两个函数是用来将对象拷贝到堆上和被从堆上移除时调用的,其内部又分别调用了 _Block_object_assign_Block_object_dispose 用来对捕获的对象进行引用计数的增加和减少。

struct __main_block_impl_0 {
  struct __block_impl impl;
  struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
  NSArray *array;
  __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, NSArray *_array, int flags=0) : array(_array) {
    impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
    impl.Flags = flags;
    impl.FuncPtr = fp;
    Desc = desc;
  }
};
static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
  NSArray *array = __cself->array; // bound by copy
            NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_zz_zyxvpxvq6csfxvn_n0000000000000_T_main_8ba4f7_mi_0, array);
        }
static void __main_block_copy_0(struct __main_block_impl_0*dst, struct __main_block_impl_0*src) {_Block_object_assign((void*)&dst->array, (void*)src->array, 3/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT*/);}
static void __main_block_dispose_0(struct __main_block_impl_0*src) {_Block_object_dispose((void*)src->array, 3/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT*/);}
static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
  size_t reserved;
  size_t Block_size;
  void (*copy)(struct __main_block_impl_0*, struct __main_block_impl_0*);
  void (*dispose)(struct __main_block_impl_0*);
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0), __main_block_copy_0, __main_block_dispose_0};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    /* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool; 
        NSArray *array = ((NSArray * _Nonnull (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("NSArray"), sel_registerName("array"));
        void(*block)(void) = ((void (*)())&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, array, 570425344));
        ((void (*)(__block_impl *))((__block_impl *)block)->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)block);
    }
    return 0;
}

Block 对象本身分为三种类型:

ARC 环境下,编译器会根据情况自动将栈上的 block 复制到堆上,比如以下情况:

所以,当 Block 内部访问了对象类型的 auto 变量时。如果 Block 是在栈上,将不会对 auto 变量产生强引用。

如果 Block 被拷贝到堆上,会调用 Block 内部的 copy 函数,copy 函数内部会调用 _Block_object_assign 函数,_Block_object_assign 函数会根据 auto 变量的修饰符(__strong__weak__unsafe_unretained)做出相应的操作,形成强引用或者弱引用。

如果 Block 从堆上移除,会调用 Block 内部的 dispose 函数,dispose 函数内部会调用 _Block_object_dispose 函数。_Block_object_dispose 函数会自动释放引用的 auto 变量(release)。

__block 对象类型的捕获

如果想在 Block 中,对捕获的对象的指针指向进行修改,则需要添加 __block 关键字:

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        __block NSArray *array = [NSArray array];
        void(^block)(void) = ^{
            array = [NSArray array];
            NSLog(@"%@", array);
        };
        block();
    }
    return 0;
}

通过转译我们可以看出,跟 __block 修饰的标量类型相似,同样会生成 __Block_byref_array_0 结构体来捕获对象类型。同时其内部生成了 __Block_byref_id_object_copy__Block_byref_id_object_dispose 两个函数指针,用于对被结构体包装的对象进行内存管理。

static void __Block_byref_id_object_copy_131(void *dst, void *src) {
 _Block_object_assign((char*)dst + 40, *(void * *) ((char*)src + 40), 131);
}
static void __Block_byref_id_object_dispose_131(void *src) {
 _Block_object_dispose(*(void * *) ((char*)src + 40), 131);
}
struct __Block_byref_array_0 {
  void *__isa;
__Block_byref_array_0 *__forwarding;
 int __flags;
 int __size;
 void (*__Block_byref_id_object_copy)(void*, void*);
 void (*__Block_byref_id_object_dispose)(void*);
 NSArray *array;
};
struct __main_block_impl_0 {
  struct __block_impl impl;
  struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
  __Block_byref_array_0 *array; // by ref
  __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, __Block_byref_array_0 *_array, int flags=0) : array(_array->__forwarding) {
    impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
    impl.Flags = flags;
    impl.FuncPtr = fp;
    Desc = desc;
  }
};
static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
  __Block_byref_array_0 *array = __cself->array; // bound by ref
            (array->__forwarding->array) = ((NSArray * _Nonnull (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("NSArray"), sel_registerName("array"));
            NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_zz_zyxvpxvq6csfxvn_n0000000000000_T_main_3593f0_mi_0, (array->__forwarding->array));
        }
static void __main_block_copy_0(struct __main_block_impl_0*dst, struct __main_block_impl_0*src) {_Block_object_assign((void*)&dst->array, (void*)src->array, 8/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF*/);}
static void __main_block_dispose_0(struct __main_block_impl_0*src) {_Block_object_dispose((void*)src->array, 8/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF*/);}
static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
  size_t reserved;
  size_t Block_size;
  void (*copy)(struct __main_block_impl_0*, struct __main_block_impl_0*);
  void (*dispose)(struct __main_block_impl_0*);
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0), __main_block_copy_0, __main_block_dispose_0};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    /* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool; 
        __attribute__((__blocks__(byref))) __Block_byref_array_0 array = {(void*)0,(__Block_byref_array_0 *)&array, 33554432, sizeof(__Block_byref_array_0), __Block_byref_id_object_copy_131, __Block_byref_id_object_dispose_131, ((NSArray * _Nonnull (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("NSArray"), sel_registerName("array"))};
        void(*block)(void) = ((void (*)())&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, (__Block_byref_array_0 *)&array, 570425344));
        ((void (*)(__block_impl *))((__block_impl *)block)->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)block);
    }
    return 0;
}

block 在栈上时,对它们都不会产生强引用。

block 拷贝到堆上时,都会通过 copy 函数来处理它们,__block 变量(假设变量名叫做 a):

_Block_object_assign((void*)&dst->a, (void*)src->a, 8/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF*/);

对象类型的 auto 变量(假设变量名叫做 p):

_Block_object_assign((void*)&dst->p, (void*)src->p, 3/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT*/);

block 从堆上移除时,都会通过 dispose 函数来释放它们,__block 变量(假设变量名叫做 a):

_Block_object_dispose((void*)src->a, 8/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF*/);

对象类型的 auto 变量(假设变量名叫做 p):

_Block_object_dispose((void*)src->p, 3/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT*/);

以上就是详解Objective C 中Block如何捕获外部值的详细内容,更多关于Objective C Block捕获外部值的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章!

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