分布式框架Zookeeper api的使用介绍
作者:悠然予夏
Zookeeper作为⼀个分布式框架,主要用来解决分布式⼀致性问题,它提供了简单的分布式原语,并且对多种编程语⾔提供了API,所以接下来重点来看下Zookeeper的java客户端API使用方式
前言
Zookeeper API共包含五个包,分别为:
- org.apache.zookeeper
- org.apache.zookeeper.data
- org.apache.zookeeper.server
- org.apache.zookeeper.server.quorum
- org.apache.zookeeper.server.upgrade
其中org.apache.zookeeper,包含Zookeeper类,他是我们编程时最常⽤的类文件。这个类是Zookeeper客户端的主要类文件。如果要使用Zookeeper服务,应⽤程序⾸先必须创建⼀个Zookeeper实例,这时就需要使用此类。⼀旦客户端和Zookeeper服务端建立起了连接,Zookeeper系统将会给本次连接会话分配⼀个ID值,并且客户端将会周期性的向服务器端发送心跳来维持会话连接。只要连接有效,客户端就可以使⽤Zookeeper API来做相应处理了
导入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId> <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId> <version>3.4.14</version> </dependency>
建立会话
package com.lagou.api; import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher; import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class CreateSession implements Watcher { private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); /** * 建立会话 */ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException { /* 客户端可以通过创建⼀个zk实例来连接zk服务器 new Zookeeper(connectString,sesssionTimeOut,Wather) connectString: 连接地址:IP:端⼝ sesssionTimeOut:会话超时时间:单位毫秒 Wather:监听器(当特定事件触发监听时,zk会通过watcher通知到客户端) */ ZooKeeper zooKeeper = new ZooKeeper("127.0.0.1:2181", 5000, new CreateSession()); System.out.println(zooKeeper.getState()); // 计数工具类 CountDownLatch : 不让main方法结束,让线程处于等待阻塞 countDownLatch.await(); System.out.println("客户端与服务端会话真正建立了"); } /** * 回调方法:处理来自服务器端的watcher通知 */ // 当前类实现了Watcher接⼝,重写了process⽅法,该⽅法负责处理来⾃Zookeeper服务端的watcher通知,在收到服务端发送过来的SyncConnected事件之后,解除主程序在CountDownLatch上的等待阻塞,⾄此,会话创建完毕 public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) { //当连接创建了,服务端发送给客户端SyncConnected事件 if(watchedEvent.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) { // 解除主程序在CountDownLatch上的等待阻塞 countDownLatch.countDown(); } } }
注意,ZooKeeper 客户端和服务端会话的建立是⼀个异步的过程,也就是说在程序中,构造⽅法会在处理完客户端初始化工作后立即返回,在⼤多数情况下,此时并没有真正建立好⼀个可用的会话,在会话的生命周期中处于“CONNECTING”的状态。当该会话真正创建完毕后ZooKeeper服务端会向会话对应的客户端发送⼀个事件通知,以告知客户端,客户端只有在获取这个通知之后,才算真正建立了会话。
创建节点
package com.lagou.api; import org.apache.zookeeper.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class CreateNote implements Watcher { private static ZooKeeper zooKeeper; /** * 建立会话 */ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException { /* 客户端可以通过创建⼀个zk实例来连接zk服务器 new Zookeeper(connectString,sesssionTimeOut,Wather) connectString: 连接地址:IP:端⼝ sesssionTimeOut:会话超时时间:单位毫秒 Wather:监听器(当特定事件触发监听时,zk会通过watcher通知到客户端) */ zooKeeper = new ZooKeeper("127.0.0.1:2181", 5000, new CreateNote()); System.out.println(zooKeeper.getState()); Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE); } // 创建节点的方法 private static void createNoteSync() throws InterruptedException, KeeperException { /** * path :节点创建的路径 * data[] :节点创建要保存的数据,是个byte类型的 * acl :节点创建的权限信息(4种类型) * ANYONE_ID_UNSAFE : 表示任何⼈ * AUTH_IDS :此ID仅可⽤于设置ACL。它将被客户机验证的ID替换。 * OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE :这是⼀个完全开放的ACL(常⽤)--> world:anyone * CREATOR_ALL_ACL :此ACL授予创建者身份验证ID的所有权限 * createMode :创建节点的类型(4种类型) * PERSISTENT:持久节点 * PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL:持久顺序节点 * EPHEMERAL:临时节点 * EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL:临时顺序节点 String node = zookeeper.create(path,data,acl,createMode); */ // 持久节点 String note_persistent = zooKeeper.create("/lg-persistent", "持久节点内容".getBytes(), ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT); // 临时节点 String note_ephemeral = zooKeeper.create("/lg-ephemeral", "临时节点内容".getBytes(), ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL); // 持久顺序节点 String note_sequential = zooKeeper.create("/lg-sequential", "持久顺序节点内容".getBytes(), ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL); System.out.println("创建的持久节点: " + note_persistent); System.out.println("创建的临时节点: " + note_ephemeral); System.out.println("创建的持久顺序节点: " + note_sequential); } /** * 回调方法:处理来自服务器端的watcher通知 */ public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) { // SyncConnected if (watchedEvent.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) { // 创建节点 try { createNoteSync(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } }
获取节点数据
package com.lagou.api; import org.apache.zookeeper.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; public class GetNoteData implements Watcher { private static ZooKeeper zooKeeper; /** * 建立会话 */ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException { /* 客户端可以通过创建⼀个zk实例来连接zk服务器 new Zookeeper(connectString,sesssionTimeOut,Wather) connectString: 连接地址:IP:端⼝ sesssionTimeOut:会话超时时间:单位毫秒 Wather:监听器(当特定事件触发监听时,zk会通过watcher通知到客户端) */ zooKeeper = new ZooKeeper("127.0.0.1:2181", 5000, new GetNoteData()); System.out.println(zooKeeper.getState()); Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE); } /** * 回调方法:处理来自服务器端的watcher通知 */ public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) { /* 子节点列表发生改变时,服务端会发送noteChildrenChanged事件通知 要重新获取子节点列表,同时注意:通知是一次性的,需要反复注册监听 */ if (watchedEvent.getType() == Event.EventType.NodeChildrenChanged) { List<String> children = null; try { children = zooKeeper.getChildren("/lg-persistent", true); } catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } System.out.println(children); } // SyncConnected if (watchedEvent.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) { // 获取节点数据的方法 try { getNoteData(); // 获取节点的子节点列表方法 getChildren(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } /* 获取某个节点的内容 */ private void getNoteData() throws Exception { /** * path : 获取数据的路径 * watch : 是否开启监听 * stat : 节点状态信息 * null: 表示获取最新版本的数据 * zk.getData(path, watch, stat); */ byte[] data = zooKeeper.getData("/lg-persistent", false, null); System.out.println(new String(data)); } /* 获取某个节点的子节点列表方法 */ public static void getChildren() throws InterruptedException, KeeperException { /* path:路径 watch:是否要启动监听,当⼦节点列表发⽣变化,会触发监听 zooKeeper.getChildren(path, watch); */ List<String> children = zooKeeper.getChildren("/lg-persistent", true); System.out.println(children); } }
修改节点数据
package com.lagou.api; import org.apache.zookeeper.*; import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat; import java.io.IOException; public class UpdateNoteData implements Watcher { private static ZooKeeper zooKeeper; /** * 建立会话 */ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException { /* 客户端可以通过创建⼀个zk实例来连接zk服务器 new Zookeeper(connectString,sesssionTimeOut,Wather) connectString: 连接地址:IP:端⼝ sesssionTimeOut:会话超时时间:单位毫秒 Wather:监听器(当特定事件触发监听时,zk会通过watcher通知到客户端) */ zooKeeper = new ZooKeeper("127.0.0.1:2181", 5000, new UpdateNoteData()); System.out.println(zooKeeper.getState()); Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE); } /** * 回调方法:处理来自服务器端的watcher通知 */ public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) { // SyncConnected if (watchedEvent.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) { // 更新数据节点内容的方法 try { updateNoteSync(); } catch (InterruptedException | KeeperException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } /* 更新数据节点内容的方法 */ private void updateNoteSync() throws InterruptedException, KeeperException { /* path:路径 data:要修改的内容 byte[] version:为-1,表示对最新版本的数据进⾏修改 zooKeeper.setData(path, data,version); */ byte[] data = zooKeeper.getData("/lg-persistent", false, null); System.out.println("修改前的值:" + new String(data)); // 修改 /lg-persistent 的数据 stat: 状态信息对象 Stat stat = zooKeeper.setData("/lg-persistent", "客户端修改了节点数据".getBytes(), -1); byte[] data2 = zooKeeper.getData("/lg-persistent", false, null); System.out.println("修改后的值:" + new String(data2)); } }
删除节点
package com.lagou.api; import org.apache.zookeeper.*; import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat; import java.io.IOException; public class DeleteNote implements Watcher { private static ZooKeeper zooKeeper; /** * 建立会话 */ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException { /* 客户端可以通过创建⼀个zk实例来连接zk服务器 new Zookeeper(connectString,sesssionTimeOut,Wather) connectString: 连接地址:IP:端⼝ sesssionTimeOut:会话超时时间:单位毫秒 Wather:监听器(当特定事件触发监听时,zk会通过watcher通知到客户端) */ zooKeeper = new ZooKeeper("127.0.0.1:2181", 5000, new DeleteNote()); System.out.println(zooKeeper.getState()); Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE); } /** * 回调方法:处理来自服务器端的watcher通知 */ public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) { // SyncConnected if (watchedEvent.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) { // 删除节点 try { deleteNoteSync(); } catch (InterruptedException | KeeperException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } /* 删除节点方法 */ private void deleteNoteSync() throws InterruptedException, KeeperException { /* zooKeeper.exists(path,watch) :判断节点是否存在 zookeeper.delete(path,version) : 删除节点 */ Stat stat = zooKeeper.exists("/lg-persistent/c1", false); System.out.println(stat == null ? "该节点不存在" : "该节点存在"); if (stat != null) { zooKeeper.delete("/lg-persistent/c1", -1); } Stat stat2 = zooKeeper.exists("/lg-persistent/c1", false); System.out.println(stat2 == null ? "该节点不存在" : "该节点存在"); } }
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