Android

关注公众号 jb51net

关闭
首页 > 软件编程 > Android > Android 缓存优化

Android性能优化之ViewPagers + Fragment缓存优化

作者:Ghelper​​​​​​​

这篇文章主要介绍了Android性能优化之ViewPagers+Fragment缓存优化,文章围绕主题展开详细的内容介绍,具有一定的参考价值,需要的小伙伴可以参考一下

前言

大家看标题,可能会有点儿懵,什么是ViewPagers,因为在很久之前,我们使用的都是ViewPager,但是现在更多的是在用ViewPager2,因此用ViewPagers(ViewPager、ViewPager2)来代替两者,主要介绍两者的区别。

ViewPagers嵌套Fragment架构,在我们常用的App中随处可见,抖音的首页、各大电商app首页(淘宝、京东、拼多多)等,通过左右滑动切换Tab;但因为ViewPager的预加载机制存在,

我们先看下ViewPager的源码:

public void setOffscreenPageLimit(int limit) {
    if (limit < DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Requested offscreen page limit " + limit + " too small; defaulting to "
                + DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES);
        limit = DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES;
    }
    if (limit != mOffscreenPageLimit) {
        mOffscreenPageLimit = limit;
        populate();
    }
}

当我们设置offscreenPageLimit(离屏加载)的数值时,我们可以看到limit的值是有限制,不能小于DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES

private static final int DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES = 1;

那么就意味着ViewPager默认支持预加载,我们看下面这张图

如果红色区域默认为首页,根据ViewPager默认预加载的阈值,那么左右两边的页面同样也会被加载,如果有网络请求,也就是说,我们没有打开左边的页面,它已经默认进行了网络请求,这种体验是非常差的,因为会在暗地里消耗流量。

理想情况下,我们需要的是打开某个页面的时候才去加载,这里就需要通过懒加载的方式优化。

1 ViewPager懒加载优化

1.1 ViewPager的缓存机制

很多时候,我们在使用Fragment的时候,发现打开过的页面再回来,页面没有重建刷新,很多人觉得是Fragment是有缓存的,其实并不是Fragment有缓存,而是ViewPager具备缓存能力;

如果有小伙伴使用过单Activity + 多Fragment架构的时候就会发现,打开过的页面再次返回的时候,Fragment会被重建,所以两种架构都有利弊,关键看我们怎么选择,下面我们看下ViewPager的缓存机制。

public void setAdapter(@Nullable PagerAdapter adapter) {
    if (mAdapter != null) {
        ①
        mAdapter.setViewPagerObserver(null);
        mAdapter.startUpdate(this);
        for (int i = 0; i < mItems.size(); i++) {
            final ItemInfo ii = mItems.get(i);
            mAdapter.destroyItem(this, ii.position, ii.object);
        }
        mAdapter.finishUpdate(this);
        mItems.clear();
        removeNonDecorViews();
        mCurItem = 0;
        scrollTo(0, 0);
    }
    ②
    final PagerAdapter oldAdapter = mAdapter;
    mAdapter = adapter;
    mExpectedAdapterCount = 0;

    ③
    if (mAdapter != null) {
        if (mObserver == null) {
            mObserver = new PagerObserver();
        }
        mAdapter.setViewPagerObserver(mObserver);
        mPopulatePending = false;
        final boolean wasFirstLayout = mFirstLayout;
        mFirstLayout = true;
        mExpectedAdapterCount = mAdapter.getCount();
        if (mRestoredCurItem >= 0) {
            mAdapter.restoreState(mRestoredAdapterState, mRestoredClassLoader);
            setCurrentItemInternal(mRestoredCurItem, false, true);
            mRestoredCurItem = -1;
            mRestoredAdapterState = null;
            mRestoredClassLoader = null;
        } else if (!wasFirstLayout) {
            ④
            populate();
        } else {
            ⑤
            requestLayout();
        }
    }

    // Dispatch the change to any listeners
    if (mAdapterChangeListeners != null && !mAdapterChangeListeners.isEmpty()) {
        for (int i = 0, count = mAdapterChangeListeners.size(); i < count; i++) {
            mAdapterChangeListeners.get(i).onAdapterChanged(this, oldAdapter, adapter);
        }
    }
}

核心方法就是setAdapter,像RecyclerView一样,因为会有缓存,所以当页面滑动的时候,如果缓存中存在页面,那么就会从缓存中取,如果没有,就需要去创建新的页面,所以我们先来关注一下PagerAdapter

public abstract class PagerAdapter {
    private final DataSetObservable mObservable = new DataSetObservable();
    private DataSetObserver mViewPagerObserver;

    public static final int POSITION_UNCHANGED = -1;
    public static final int POSITION_NONE = -2;

    public abstract int getCount();
    //开始更新
    public void startUpdate(@NonNull ViewGroup container) {
        startUpdate((View) container);
    }
    //初始化页面
    @NonNull
    public Object instantiateItem(@NonNull ViewGroup container, int position) {
        return instantiateItem((View) container, position);
    }
    //销毁页面
    public void destroyItem(@NonNull ViewGroup container, int position, @NonNull Object object) {
        destroyItem((View) container, position, object);
    }
    //结束刷新
    public void finishUpdate(@NonNull ViewGroup container) {
        finishUpdate((View) container);
    }
}

PagerAdapter是一个抽象类,那么这些方法肯定是具体实现类实现,如果我们在使用ViewPager嵌套Fragment的时候,使用的是FragmentPageAdapter

接着回到setAdapter方法中:

wasFirstLayout = true
mRestoredCurItem = -1

所以这里直接走到⑤,调用requestLayout方法,会执行到onMeasure,在这个方法中,会执行populate方法(这个大家自己去爬楼)

populate干了什么呢?代码太多了就不贴出来了,直接上图:

如果是默认缓存(mOffscreenPageLimit = 1),那么在mItems就会缓存3个Fragment

private final ArrayList<ItemInfo> mItems = new ArrayList<ItemInfo>();

当页面滑动时,page2成为了当前页,那么ViewPager的populate做了什么操作呢?

因此populate干的主要工作就是,随着页面的滑动,将Page从缓存中移除销毁,或者将新页面新建加入缓存中。

1.2 ViewPager懒加载方案

如上所述,ViewPager默认就是开启预加载的,而且默认最多能够缓存3个Fragment页面,那么为了避免流量的消耗,需要我们针对预加载这种情况进行页面懒加载,只有当页面可见的时候,才能加载数据。

class MainLazyLoadAdapter(
    fragmentManager: FragmentManager,
    val fragments:MutableList<Fragment>
) : FragmentPagerAdapter(fragmentManager) {
    override fun getCount(): Int {
        return fragments.size
    }

    override fun getItem(position: Int): Fragment {
        return fragments[position]
    }
}
class LazyFragment(val index:Int) : Fragment() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        Log.e("TAG","LazyFragment $index onCreate")
    }

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        Log.e("TAG","LazyFragment $index onCreateView")
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_lazy, container, false)
    }

}
val fragments = mutableListOf<Fragment>()
for (index in 0..5) {
    fragments.add(LazyFragment(index))
}
vp_lazy_load.adapter = MainLazyLoadAdapter(supportFragmentManager, fragments)

首先我们先看默认预加载状态,验证之前源码中的原理:

//第一次进来
2022-08-28 13:41:15.759 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:41:15.760 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreateView
2022-08-28 13:41:15.783 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:41:15.784 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreateView

我们看到第一次进来,第二个Fragment被加载进来,然后右滑,第三个Fragment被加载

2022-08-28 13:41:15.759 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:41:15.760 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreateView
2022-08-28 13:41:15.783 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:41:15.784 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreateView
2022-08-28 13:48:45.248 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 2 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:48:45.250 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 2 onCreateView

当我们滑到第4个Fragment的时候,左滑回到第3个Fragment,发现并没有重建是因为缓存的原因,因为滑到第4个Fragment的时候,第2个Fragment已经被销毁了,再回到第3个Fragment的时候,第2个Fragment被重建,走了onCreateView方法

2022-08-28 13:41:15.759 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:41:15.760 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreateView
2022-08-28 13:41:15.783 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:41:15.784 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreateView
2022-08-28 13:48:45.248 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 2 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:48:45.250 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 2 onCreateView
2022-08-28 13:50:00.439 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 3 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:50:00.440 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 3 onCreateView
2022-08-28 13:50:01.344 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 4 onCreate
2022-08-28 13:50:01.345 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 4 onCreateView
2022-08-28 13:50:03.315 12677-12677/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreateView

首先我们先看下,Adapter重建Fragment的时候的核心代码

public Object instantiateItem(@NonNull ViewGroup container, int position) {
    if (mCurTransaction == null) {
        mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
    }

    final long itemId = getItemId(position);

    // Do we already have this fragment?
    String name = makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId);
    Fragment fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(name);
    if (fragment != null) {
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Attaching item #" + itemId + ": f=" + fragment);
        mCurTransaction.attach(fragment);
    } else {
        fragment = getItem(position);
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Adding item #" + itemId + ": f=" + fragment);
        mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), fragment,
                makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId));
    }
    if (fragment != mCurrentPrimaryItem) {
        fragment.setMenuVisibility(false);
        if (mBehavior == BEHAVIOR_RESUME_ONLY_CURRENT_FRAGMENT) {
            mCurTransaction.setMaxLifecycle(fragment, Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
        } else {
            //关键代码
            fragment.setUserVisibleHint(false);
        }
    }

    return fragment;
}

我们可以看到,当前Fragment如果被创建但是没有在当前页面展示的时候,调用了fragment.setUserVisibleHint(false),也就是说setUserVisibleHint能够监听当前Fragment是否可见

所以我们对Fragment进行改造:

class LazyFragment(val index:Int) : Fragment() {

    //判断当前页面是否可见
    private var isShow = false
    //判断页面是否创建成功
    private var isViewCreated = false

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        Log.e("TAG","LazyFragment $index onCreate")
    }
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        Log.e("TAG","LazyFragment $index onCreateView")
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_lazy, container, false)
    }
    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        isViewCreated = true
        lazyLoad()
    }
    override fun setUserVisibleHint(isVisibleToUser: Boolean) {
        super.setUserVisibleHint(isVisibleToUser)
        Log.e("TAG","LazyFragment $index isVisibleToUser $isVisibleToUser")
        if(isVisibleToUser){
            isShow = true
            //才有资格去懒加载
            lazyLoad()
        }else{
            isShow = false
        }
    }
    private fun lazyLoad() {
        if(isViewCreated && isShow){
            Log.e("TAG","Fragment $index loadData")
        }
    }
    override fun onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy()
        isViewCreated = false
        isShow = false
    }
}

如果按照之前的方式,当调用onViewCreated方法的时候,我们就会加载数据;做了懒加载处理之后,重写了setUserVisibleHint方法,当前页面可见的时候,才有资格去加载数据,这样即便创建了Fragment,但是如果不可见就不会加载数据

2022-08-28 14:06:29.776 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 isVisibleToUser false
2022-08-28 14:06:29.776 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 isVisibleToUser false
2022-08-28 14:06:29.776 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 isVisibleToUser true
2022-08-28 14:06:29.782 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreate
2022-08-28 14:06:29.783 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreateView
2022-08-28 14:06:29.796 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: Fragment 0 loadData
2022-08-28 14:06:29.805 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreate
2022-08-28 14:06:29.805 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreateView
2022-08-28 14:06:59.395 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 2 isVisibleToUser false
2022-08-28 14:06:59.396 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 isVisibleToUser false
2022-08-28 14:06:59.396 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 isVisibleToUser true
2022-08-28 14:06:59.396 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: Fragment 1 loadData
2022-08-28 14:06:59.399 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 2 onCreate
2022-08-28 14:06:59.400 25904-25904/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 2 onCreateView

通过日志我们可以看到,当首次进入的时候,虽然Fragment 1 被创建了,但是并没有加载数据。

这里有个问题,既然可见之后就能加载数据,那么我只在setUserVisibleHint的时候,判断是否可见来去加载数据?

其实是不可以的,通过日志我们能够发现,setUserVisibleHint是早于onCreate方法调用的,也就是说在页面还没有创建时,去加载数据有可能导致页面元素找不到发生空指针异常。

2 ViewPager2与ViewPager的区别

上一小节,我们介绍了ViewPager的加载机制和缓存机制,那么我们把整套页面搬过来,唯一发生变化的就是将ViewPager转换为ViewPager2

class MainLazyLoadAdapter2(
    activity: FragmentActivity,
    val fragments: MutableList<Fragment>
) : FragmentStateAdapter(activity) {
    override fun getItemCount(): Int {
        return fragments.size
    }
    override fun createFragment(position: Int): Fragment {
        return fragments[position]
    }

}

ViewPager2的适配器使用的是FragmentStateAdapter,因为FragmentStateAdapter继承了RecyclerView.Adapter,因此支持了横向滑动和竖向滑动

val fragments = mutableListOf<Fragment>()
for (index in 0..5) {
    fragments.add(LazyFragment(index))
}
vp_lazy_load = findViewById(R.id.vp_lazy_load)
vp_lazy_load.adapter = MainLazyLoadAdapter2(this, fragments)

用同样的方式设置了适配器,我们看下日志输出,就会发现,咦?怎么跟ViewPager不一样了

2022-08-28 14:47:11.790 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreate
2022-08-28 14:47:11.792 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreateView

刚进来的时候,只有Fragment 1 加载了页面,并没有新建缓存页面,当我滑动到下一页的时候,也只有下一页的页面进行了重建

2022-08-28 14:47:11.790 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreate
2022-08-28 14:47:11.792 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreateView
2022-08-28 14:47:13.948 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreate
2022-08-28 14:47:13.948 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreateView

ViewPager2没有预加载机制吗?这里我们就需要看源码了,直接奔向setOffscreenPageLimit方法,我们看到跟ViewPager的setOffscreenPageLimit方法是不一样的

public void setOffscreenPageLimit(@OffscreenPageLimit int limit) {
    if (limit < 1 && limit != OFFSCREEN_PAGE_LIMIT_DEFAULT) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "Offscreen page limit must be OFFSCREEN_PAGE_LIMIT_DEFAULT or a number > 0");
    }
    mOffscreenPageLimit = limit;
    // Trigger layout so prefetch happens through getExtraLayoutSize()
    mRecyclerView.requestLayout();
}
public static final int OFFSCREEN_PAGE_LIMIT_DEFAULT = -1;

这里的判断条件 limit < 1 && limit != OFFSCREEN_PAGE_LIMIT_DEFAULT,有一个数值能够通过,就是-1,这就意味着,ViewPager2默认是不支持预加载的

但是ViewPager2的缓存策略还是存在,因为继承了RecyclerView的Adapter,所以缓存复用机制是跟RecyclerView一致的,默认mViewCaches缓存池的大小是3

2022-08-28 15:30:00.579 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreate
2022-08-28 15:30:00.579 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreateView
2022-08-28 15:30:03.883 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreate
2022-08-28 15:30:03.884 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 1 onCreateView
2022-08-28 15:30:05.064 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 2 onCreate
2022-08-28 15:30:05.064 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 2 onCreateView
2022-08-28 15:30:08.997 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 3 onCreate
2022-08-28 15:30:08.997 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 3 onCreateView
2022-08-28 15:30:20.005 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreate
2022-08-28 15:30:20.005 15514-15514/com.lay.image_process E/TAG: LazyFragment 0 onCreateView

当我们滑动到第4个Fragment的时候,注意这里跟ViewPager不一样的是,ViewPager的缓存是缓存当前页的左右两边,但是ViewPager2就是RecyclerView的缓存机制,顺序缓存;

当滑动到第4个Fragment的时候,因为缓存池大小为3,因此LazyFragment 0 就会从缓存池中移除,当再次滑动到LazyFragment 0的时候,就会重建!

所以当我们还在思考如何针对ViewPager的预加载机制做懒加载操作时,请将项目中的ViewPager迁移至ViewPager2

附录:

当你的项目中还在使用ViewPager时,建议使用当前这个懒加载框架

abstract class BaseLazyFragment<VM : ViewModel, VB : ViewBinding> : Fragment() {
    private lateinit var viewModel: VM
    private lateinit var binding: VB

    private var isShow = false
    private var isViewCreated = false
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        viewModel = getViewModelInstance()
        binding = getLayoutInflate(layoutInflater)
    }

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        return binding.root
    }
    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        initView()
        isViewCreated = true
        lazyLoad()
    }
    override fun setUserVisibleHint(isVisibleToUser: Boolean) {
        super.setUserVisibleHint(isVisibleToUser)
        if (isVisibleToUser) {
            isShow = true
            lazyLoad()
        } else {
            isShow = false
        }
    }
    override fun onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy()
        isShow = false
        isViewCreated = false
    }
    private fun lazyLoad() {
        if (isShow && isViewCreated) {
            initData()
        }
    }
    open fun initData() {}
    open fun initView() {}
    abstract fun getViewModelInstance(): VM
    abstract fun getLayoutInflate(layoutInflater: LayoutInflater): VB
}

使用方式:

class LazyFragment(val index:Int) : BaseLazyFragment<MainVM,FragmentLazy2Binding>() {
    override fun initData() {
        super.initData()
        Log.e("TAG","LazyFragment $index initData -- ")
    }
    override fun getViewModelInstance(): MainVM {
        return MainVM()
    }
    override fun getLayoutInflate(layoutInflater: LayoutInflater): FragmentLazy2Binding {
        return FragmentLazy2Binding.inflate(layoutInflater)
    }
}

到此这篇关于Android性能优化之ViewPagers + Fragment缓存优化的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Android 缓存优化内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

您可能感兴趣的文章:
阅读全文