MySQL中的JSON字段List成员检查
作者:彭世瑜
这篇文章主要介绍了MySQL中的JSON字段List成员检查,具有很好的参考价值,希望对大家有所帮助。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教
JSON字段List成员检查
文档
- https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json.html
- https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html
方法
JSON_CONTAINS(target, candidate[, path]) value MEMBER OF(json_array)
查询示例
mysql> set @list = JSON_ARRAY(1, 2); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select 1 MEMBER OF(@list); +--------------------+ | 1 MEMBER OF(@list) | +--------------------+ | 1 | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@list, '1'); +---------------------------+ | JSON_CONTAINS(@list, '1') | +---------------------------+ | 1 | +---------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
MySQL中JSON字段操作
Mysql 自5.7之后增加了很多函数用于处理Json字串。方便实用。
基本改变
Json数组:
["abc", 10, null, true, false]
Json对象:
{"k1": "value", "k2": 10}
JSON数组元素和JSON对象键值内允许嵌套
Json函数
JSON_TYPE()
:返回json字串类型
mysql> SELECT JSON_TYPE('["a", "b", 1]'); +----------------------------+ | JSON_TYPE('["a", "b", 1]') | +----------------------------+ | ARRAY | +----------------------------+ mysql> SELECT JSON_TYPE('"hello"'); +----------------------+ | JSON_TYPE('"hello"') | +----------------------+ | STRING | +----------------------+ mysql> SELECT JSON_TYPE('hello'); ERROR 3146 (22032): Invalid data type for JSON data in argument 1 to function json_type; a JSON string or JSON type is required.
MySQL使用utf8mb4字符集和utf8mb4_bin排序规则处理JSON上下文中使用的字符串 。其他字符集中的字符串将utf8mb4根据需要转换。(对于ascii或 utf8字符集中的字符串,无需进行转换,因为ascii和utf8是的子集utf8mb4。一般将数据库字符集设置为utf8mb4)
JSON_ARRAY()
:将数值包装为json数组
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY('a', 1, NOW()); +----------------------------------------+ | JSON_ARRAY('a', 1, NOW()) | +----------------------------------------+ | ["a", 1, "2015-07-27 09:43:47.000000"] | +----------------------------------------+
JSON_OBJECT()
:将数值包装为json对象
mysql> SELECT JSON_OBJECT('key1', 1, 'key2', 'abc'); +---------------------------------------+ | JSON_OBJECT('key1', 1, 'key2', 'abc') | +---------------------------------------+ | {"key1": 1, "key2": "abc"} | +---------------------------------------+
JSON_MERGE()
:将多个json合并为一个
mysql> SELECT JSON_MERGE('["a", 1]', '{"key": "value"}'); +--------------------------------------------+ | JSON_MERGE('["a", 1]', '{"key": "value"}') | +--------------------------------------------+ | ["a", 1, {"key": "value"}] | +--------------------------------------------+
Json字符串中的key-value访问
使用column-path运算符 ->得到字段中json某个key的值,但是值中的"""和"\"都会显示,如果不想显示,使用->>。
#创建表 CREATE TABLE facts (ids JSON); #插入数据 这里要注意是否启用了服务器SQL模式,插入数据时要注意特殊符号 INSERT INTO facts VALUES (JSON_OBJECT('mascot', 'Our mascot is a dolphin named "Sakila".')); #查看数据 mysql> select ids from facts; +---------------------------------------------------------+ | ids | +---------------------------------------------------------+ | {"mascot": "Our mascot is a dolphin named \"Sakila\"."} | +---------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT ids->'$.mascot' FROM facts; +---------------------------------------------+ | ids->'$.mascot' | +---------------------------------------------+ | "Our mascot is a dolphin named \"Sakila\"." | +---------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT ids->>'$.mascot' FROM facts; +-----------------------------------------+ | ids->>'$.mascot' | +-----------------------------------------+ | Our mascot is a dolphin named "Sakila". | +-----------------------------------------+ #注意,这里访问json字段key使用单引号还是双引号取决于sql模式
读取json字段中某个key的值
SELECT JSON_EXTRACT('{"id": 14, "name": "Aztalan"}', '$.name'); +---------------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_EXTRACT('{"id": 14, "name": "Aztalan"}', '$.name') | +---------------------------------------------------------+ | "Aztalan" | +---------------------------------------------------------+ #去除值双引号 mysql> SELECT JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT('{"id": 14, "name": "Aztalan"}', '$.name')); +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT('{"id": 14, "name": "Aztalan"}', '$.name')) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Aztalan | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
小结:
‘$.*’ | 返回全部json |
‘$.title’ | 返回key=”title”的数据 |
‘$**.text’ | 返回所有最底层key=”text”的数据 |
‘$.content[*].item1[*]’ | 返回key=content的list的key=item1的list的所有内容 |
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。