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Android Service启动流程刨析

作者:Android技术栈

这几天分析了一下的启动过程,于是乎,今天写一下Service是如何启动的; 给我的感觉是这些启动过程并不复杂,千万不要被一坨一坨的代码吓住了,虽然弯弯绕绕不少,重载函数一个接着一个,就向走迷宫一样,但只要抓住主线阅读,很快就能找到出口

强调一下阅读系统源码,起码要对进程间通信要了解,对binder机制非常非常清楚,binder就是指南针,要不然你会晕头转向;强行阅读,就容易睡着。

Service启动先来一张图感受一下

这张图能够说明一个大致的流程,但是服务的启动肯定不是这么简单,但是我们先简单的总结一下,逐渐深入。服务的启动形式有两种,startService()和 binderService(),我们看startService()这一种。startService是ContextWrapper里面的方法。

ContextWrapper.java

  @Override
   public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
       return mBase.startService(service);//mBase这里指的是ContextImpl类
   }

ContextImpl.java

   @Override
    public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
        warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
        return startServiceCommon(service, mUser);
    }
  private ComponentName startServiceCommon(Intent service, UserHandle user) {
        try {
            //检验Intent
            validateServiceIntent(service);
             ......
            ComponentName cn = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().startService(
                mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
                            getContentResolver()), getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
             ......
            return cn;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
        }
    }

校验完Intent后,就调用ActivityManagerNative.getDefault(),获取一个IActivityManager对象,将启动Service这件事情交给了IActivityManager。我们看一下ActivityManagerNative的类定义

public abstract class ActivityManagerNative extends Binder implements IActivityManager

这种模式是不是非常熟悉啊? 继承了Binder,实现了一个IActivityManager接口,这个跟我们生成了远程服务通信生成的AIDL的java文件怎么那么像,现在告诉你,这就是为了远程服务通信做准备的,只是一般这种类我们都是自动生成的,ActivityManagerNative 是谷歌的人自己写

一个完整的AID L有两部分,一个是个跟服务端通信的Stub,一个是跟客户端通信的Proxy; ActivityManagerNative就是Stub,阅读源码发现在ActivityManagerNative 文件中还有个ActivityManagerProxy,那么跟客户端通信的Proxy也有了。先看IActivityManager怎么获取的

ActivityManagerNative.java

 static public IActivityManager getDefault() {
        return gDefault.get();
    }
  private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> gDefault = new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
        protected IActivityManager create() {
          //获取名为"activity"的服务,服务都注册到ServiceManager来统一管理
            IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity");
            if (false) {
                Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service binder = " + b);
            }
            IActivityManager am = asInterface(b);
            if (false) {
                Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service = " + am);
            }
            return am;
        }
    };

就是一个单例设计模式,获取到服务对象IBinder,把这个IBinder转换成IActivityManager返回了。现在由IActivityManager启动服务。

 public ComponentName startService(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service,
            String resolvedType, String callingPackage, int userId) throws RemoteException
    {
        Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
        Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
        data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
        data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
        service.writeToParcel(data, 0);
        data.writeString(resolvedType);
        data.writeString(callingPackage);
        data.writeInt(userId);
        mRemote.transact(START_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
        reply.readException();
        ComponentName res = ComponentName.readFromParcel(reply);
        data.recycle();
        reply.recycle();
        return res;
    }

上面说了ActivityManagerProxy作为binder通信的客户端,ActivityManagerNative 作为binder通信的服务端; mRemote.transact()是binder通信的客户端发起方法,经过binder驱动,最后回到binder服务端ActivityManagerNative的onTransact()方法。

   @Override
    public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
            throws RemoteException {
            .......
        switch (code) {
             case START_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: {
                        data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
                        IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder();
                        IApplicationThread app = ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(b);
                        Intent service = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
                        String resolvedType = data.readString();
                        String callingPackage = data.readString();
                        int userId = data.readInt();
                        ComponentName cn = startService(app, service, resolvedType, callingPackage, userId);
                        reply.writeNoException();
                        ComponentName.writeToParcel(cn, reply);
                        return true;
                    }
        }
        .......
    }

ActivityManagerNative的真正实现是ActivityManagerService,所以binder通信的服务端的ActivityManagerService,ActivityManagerProxy.startService()最终调用ActivityManagerService.startService()。注意这就跨进程了,ActivityManagerService是一个服务端的进程。看ActivityManagerService中的startService方法。

ActivityManagerService.java

 public ComponentName startService(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service,
            String resolvedType, String callingPackage, int userId)
            throws TransactionTooLargeException {
        ......
        synchronized(this) {
            .......
            ComponentName res = mServices.startServiceLocked(caller, service,
                    resolvedType, callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage, userId);
            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
            return res;
        }
    }

ActivityManagerService没有直接干这个活,而是把这个任务交给了mService, mService 是一个 ActiveServices 对象。在早期的安卓版本中并没有这个类,后来重构时抽出这个类专门用来管理Service.

ActiveServices.java

    ComponentName startServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service, String resolvedType,
            int callingPid, int callingUid, String callingPackage, int userId)
            throws TransactionTooLargeException {
              ........
              return startServiceInnerLocked(smap, service, r, callerFg, addToStarting);
    }

tartServiceInnerLocked调用了 bringUpServiceLocked(),bringUpServiceLocked()内部调用了realStartServiceLocked(),我们看realStartServiceLocked()方法。

private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,
            ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {
       .......
        try {
            .......
            app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
                    mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
                    app.repProcState);
            r.postNotification();
            created = true;
        } catch (DeadObjectException e) {
            ....
        } finally {
           ....
        }
        requestServiceBindingsLocked(r, execInFg);
        updateServiceClientActivitiesLocked(app, null, true);
        // If the service is in the started state, and there are no
        // pending arguments, then fake up one so its onStartCommand() will
        // be called.
        if (r.startRequested && r.callStart && r.pendingStarts.size() == 0) {
            r.pendingStarts.add(new ServiceRecord.StartItem(r, false, r.makeNextStartId(),
                    null, null));
        }
       // 进入onStartCommand()
        sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, true);
       ....
    }

这里的关键是

 app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
                    mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),

app 是要运行 Service 的进程对应的 ProcessRecord 对象,代表一个应用进程; 要区分一下,一般我们都是单方向通信,客户端将处理请求发送给服务端,服务端处理后返回,如果要服务端向客户端发送一个“请求”呢?这里的thread 是一个 ApplicationThreadProxy 对象,它是应用进程的 ApplicatonThread 对象在 AMS 端的代理,AMS 靠它来和应用进程进行通信。所以AMS和应用进程可以双向通信了。

ApplicationThreadProxy.java

public final void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token, ServiceInfo info,
        CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) throws RemoteException {
    Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
    data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
    data.writeStrongBinder(token);
    info.writeToParcel(data, 0);
    compatInfo.writeToParcel(data, 0);
    data.writeInt(processState);
    try {
        mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_CREATE_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, null, IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
    } catch (TransactionTooLargeException e) {
        throw e;
    }
    data.recycle();
}

执行mRemote.transact后,就会回调ApplicationThreadNative的onTransact,这是Binder的套路。

ApplicationThreadNative.java

public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
        throws RemoteException {
    switch (code) {
    case SCHEDULE_CREATE_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: {
        data.enforceInterface(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
        IBinder token = data.readStrongBinder();
        ServiceInfo info = ServiceInfo.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
        CompatibilityInfo compatInfo = CompatibilityInfo.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
        int processState = data.readInt();
        scheduleCreateService(token, info, compatInfo, processState);
        return true;
    }
    ...
}

内部调用scheduleCreateService,看上面的图,可以知道,scheduleCreateService是属于ApplicatonThread的。

ApplicatonThread.java

 public final void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token,
                ServiceInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) {
            updateProcessState(processState, false);
            CreateServiceData s = new CreateServiceData();
            s.token = token;
            s.info = info;
            s.compatInfo = compatInfo;
            sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s);
        }

发送一个消息,这个消息都是由H类处理的,H类就是系统Hander,专门处理系统请求的; 比如一些Activity的生命周期等全在这里面。这个 H对象是在应用进程的主线程中创建的,所以最终的结果是把创建 Service 的消息传到了主线程,因此Service是运行在主线程中的。

H.java

private class H extends Handler {
          .........
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
            switch (msg.what) {
             case CREATE_SERVICE:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceCreate");
                    handleCreateService((CreateServiceData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
            }
        }

ActivityThread.java

private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) {
        .......
        LoadedApk packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
                data.info.applicationInfo, data.compatInfo);
        Service service = null;
        try {
            // 反射加载Service
            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();
            service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            .......
        }
        try {
            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Creating service " + data.info.name);
             //创建ContextImpl对象
            ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, packageInfo);
            context.setOuterContext(service);
             //创建Application对象
            Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
            service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app,
                    ActivityManagerNative.getDefault());
            //回调onCreate方法
            service.onCreate();
            mServices.put(data.token, service);
            try {
              //调用服务创建完成
                ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(
                        data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                // nothing to do.
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
           .......
        }
    }

到此Service的onCreate就回调了,那么onStartCommand()何时回调呢?在realStartServiceLocked中调用了sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, true),sendServiceArgsLocked与上面类似,最终也是发送了一个(SERVICE_ARGS)消息。

ApplicationThread.java

public final void scheduleServiceArgs(IBinder token, boolean taskRemoved, int startId,
            int flags ,Intent args) {
            ServiceArgsData s = new ServiceArgsData();
            s.token = token;
            s.taskRemoved = taskRemoved;
            s.startId = startId;
            s.flags = flags;
            s.args = args;
            sendMessage(H.SERVICE_ARGS, s);
        }

ActivityThread.java

private void handleServiceArgs(ServiceArgsData data) {
        Service s = mServices.get(data.token);
        if (s != null) {
            try {
                if (data.args != null) {
                    data.args.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());
                    data.args.prepareToEnterProcess();
                }
                int res;
                if (!data.taskRemoved) {
                //onStartCommand回调
                    res = s.onStartCommand(data.args, data.flags, data.startId);
                } else {
                    s.onTaskRemoved(data.args);
                    res = Service.START_TASK_REMOVED_COMPLETE;
                }
                QueuedWork.waitToFinish();
                try {
                    ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(
                            data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_START, data.startId, res);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    // nothing to do.
                }
                ensureJitEnabled();
            } catch (Exception e) {
               ......
            }
        }
    }

Service的onCreate的回调和onStartCommand的回调套路是完全一样的,朋友们可以自己体会,onCreate的回调先执行scheduleCreateService()方法,最终回调Service.onCreate(); onStartCommand的回调先执行scheduleServiceArgs()方法,最终回调Service.onStartCommand()

总结一下:

IActivityManager接口中定义了AMS向应用程序(本例中即Service)提供的多种API,Activity通过ActivityManagerProxy就可以使用这些API,向AMS发出请求

所以是通过ActivityManagerProxy,调用ActivityManagerProxy的startService方法; 在内部调用transact,然后会调用ActivityManagerNative中的onTransact()方法,在该方法中,将会r完成AMS与Activity的连接并调用AMS的startService()方法,那么AMS是如何Service所在的应用程序呢?比如scheduleCreateService

原来ApplicationThreadProxy 是应用进程的 ApplicatonThread 对象在 AMS 端的代理,AMS 靠它来和应用进程进行通信。这就是Activity与AMS之间的双向Binder连接;Activity用IActivityManager提供的APIActivityManagerService提出执行某个动作的请求(本例中是启动RemoteService),ActivityManagerService通过IApplicationThread提供的API来控制Activity所在的应用程序

上面的分析省去了很多的内容,如果从进程角度看服务启动过程。

启动流程:

到此这篇关于Android Service启动流程刨析的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Android Service内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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