Kotlin协程启动createCoroutine及创建startCoroutine原理
作者:xfhy
createCoroutine 和 startCoroutine
协程到底是怎么创建和启动的?本篇文章带你揭晓。
在Continuation.kt文件中,有2个基础API,这里单独提出来说一下,方便后面我们理解launch。
public fun <T> (suspend () -> T).createCoroutine( completion: Continuation<T> ): Continuation<Unit> = SafeContinuation(createCoroutineUnintercepted(completion).intercepted(), COROUTINE_SUSPENDED) public fun <T> (suspend () -> T).startCoroutine( completion: Continuation<T> ) { createCoroutineUnintercepted(completion).intercepted().resume(Unit) }
createCoroutine和startCoroutine就是用来创建和启动协程的基础API,launch、async等在底层一定程度上都使用了该基础API,launch和async只不过是封装而已。所以,我们先掌握它们。
这2个函数看起来差别不大,一个调用了resume开始了协程,一个没有调用,需要外部去调用resume(createCoroutine会把Continuation返回出去)。
既然launch和async可以用它们来创建和启动协程,那我们是否可以直接用它们来创建和启动协程?那当然可以。这里我举个startCoroutine的例子,仔细看它的函数声明,它其实是个扩展函数,扩展的是(suspend () -> T)
这种类型。
(suspend () -> T)
:suspend函数+返回类型是T
它可以有2种写法:
//方式1----------- val block = suspend { ... "云天明" } block.startCoroutine(continuation) //方式2-------------- suspend fun getUserName(): String { ... return "云天明" } (::getUserName).startCoroutine(continuation)
一种是匿名的suspend函数,一种是正常的有名字的suspend函数。现在,我们简单写个demo来调一下startCoroutine。
startCoroutine调用
//StartCoroutine.kt fun main() { val continuation = object : Continuation<String> { override val context: CoroutineContext get() = EmptyCoroutineContext override fun resumeWith(result: Result<String>) { println("结果: ${result.getOrNull()}") } } block.startCoroutine(continuation) Thread.sleep(3000L) } val block = suspend { println("start") delay(2000L) println("end") "DX3906" }
调起非常简单,startCoroutine是(suspend () -> T)
的扩展函数,且需要传递一个Continuation参数。我们先反编译看一下,长什么样子。
public final class StartCoroutineKt { //block那块被转换成了一个类StartCoroutineKt$block$1,这里创建好一个实例对象,待会儿可以直接使用 private static final Function1<Continuation<? super String>, Object> block = new StartCoroutineKt$block$1((Continuation<? super StartCoroutineKt$block$1>) null); public static final void main() { //调用扩展函数,将block和continuation参数传入。 ContinuationKt.startCoroutine(block, new StartCoroutineKt$main$continuation$1()); Thread.sleep(3000); } public static final Function1<Continuation<? super String>, Object> getBlock() { return block; } } //对应block那块 final class StartCoroutineKt$block$1 extends SuspendLambda implements Function1<Continuation<? super String>, Object> { int label; StartCoroutineKt$block$1(Continuation<? super StartCoroutineKt$block$1> continuation) { super(1, continuation); } //创建StartCoroutineKt$block$1实例 public final Continuation<Unit> create(Continuation<?> continuation) { return new StartCoroutineKt$block$1(continuation); } public final Object invoke(Continuation<? super String> continuation) { //创建StartCoroutineKt$block$1实例并执行invokeSuspend return ((StartCoroutineKt$block$1) create(continuation)).invokeSuspend(Unit.INSTANCE); } public final Object invokeSuspend(Object $result) { Object coroutine_suspended = IntrinsicsKt.getCOROUTINE_SUSPENDED(); //状态机 switch (this.label) { case 0: //label一开始是0 ResultKt.throwOnFailure($result); System.out.println("start"); this.label = 1; //这里正常情况会返回COROUTINE_SUSPENDED,label已经改成1了,下次走case 1的逻辑 if (DelayKt.delay(2000, this) != coroutine_suspended) { break; } else { return coroutine_suspended; } case 1: //label为1,没有return,继续走最后的结束语句 ResultKt.throwOnFailure($result); break; default: throw new IllegalStateException("call to 'resume' before 'invoke' with coroutine"); } //结束 System.out.println("end"); return "云天明"; } } //对应Continuation那块 public final class StartCoroutineKt$main$continuation$1 implements Continuation<String> { StartCoroutineKt$main$continuation$1() { } public CoroutineContext getContext() { return EmptyCoroutineContext.INSTANCE; } public void resumeWith(Object result) { //输出结果 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append("结果: "); sb.append((String) (Result.m29isFailureimpl(result) ? null : result)); System.out.println(sb.toString()); } }
还是比较清晰的,
- 首先
object : Continuation<String>
是肯定会生成一个匿名内部类,在该类中,简单在resumeWith里面输出了一下结果 - block那块代码,也会生成一个匿名内部类。需要注意的是,它继承自SuspendLambda,这个没见过,待会儿分析,里面有几个方法:create、invoke、invokeSuspend。其中create是创建该类的实例,invoke是调用create方法并执行invokeSuspend,invokeSuspend里面是状态机相关的逻辑。
- main里面执行了
ContinuationKt.startCoroutine(block, continuation)
,调起了扩展方法(扩展方法的原理就是这样的)
反编译出来的代码大致结构我们是了解了,现在需要分析一下startCoroutine具体是怎么走的了,看它是怎么利用这些反编译出来的代码的。
createCoroutineUnintercepted
public fun <T> (suspend () -> T).startCoroutine( completion: Continuation<T> ) { createCoroutineUnintercepted(completion).intercepted().resume(Unit) } //这个函数是expect的,没有函数体 public expect fun <T> (suspend () -> T).createCoroutineUnintercepted( completion: Continuation<T> ): Continuation<Unit>
startCoroutine首先是调用了createCoroutineUnintercepted函数,而createCoroutineUnintercepted是expect的,它是一种声明。因为Kotlin是跨平台的,所以部分逻辑与平台相关,这个createCoroutineUnintercepted就是这种。
它没有函数体,我们只关心JVM平台,所以需要到JVM平台上找该函数的实现。在Kotlin源码地图文章中,我们提到协程源码,分为2个仓库,一个是Kotlin仓库,一个是Kotlin协程仓库。
这个createCoroutineUnintercepted是在Kotlin仓库中,具体位置是:
kotlin/libraries/stdlib/jvm/src/kotlin/coroutines/intrinsics/IntrinsicsJvm.kt
public actual fun <T> (suspend () -> T).createCoroutineUnintercepted( completion: Continuation<T> ): Continuation<Unit> { val probeCompletion = probeCoroutineCreated(completion) return if (this is BaseContinuationImpl) //走这里 create(probeCompletion) else createCoroutineFromSuspendFunction(probeCompletion) { (this as Function1<Continuation<T>, Any?>).invoke(it) } }
咦,createCoroutineUnintercepted居然也是(suspend () -> T)
的扩展函数,所以if那里的this指的就是block,也就是StartCoroutineKt$block$1。它继承自SuspendLambda。
internal abstract class SuspendLambda( public override val arity: Int, completion: Continuation<Any?>? ) : ContinuationImpl(completion), FunctionBase<Any?>, SuspendFunction { constructor(arity: Int) : this(arity, null) public override fun toString(): String = if (completion == null) Reflection.renderLambdaToString(this) // this is lambda else super.toString() // this is continuation } internal abstract class ContinuationImpl( completion: Continuation<Any?>?, private val _context: CoroutineContext? ) : BaseContinuationImpl(completion) { ...... } //BaseContinuationImpl实现了Continuation接口 internal abstract class BaseContinuationImpl( public val completion: Continuation<Any?>? ) : Continuation<Any?>, CoroutineStackFrame, Serializable { ... }
SuspendLambda是ContinuationImpl的子类,而ContinuationImpl是BaseContinuationImpl的子类。所以上面的if (this is BaseContinuationImpl)
判断是ok的,会走到create(probeCompletion)
。
也就是StartCoroutineKt$block$1
的create方法,在里面会创建StartCoroutineKt$block$1
实例。
public final Continuation<Unit> create(Continuation<?> continuation) { return new StartCoroutineKt$block$1(continuation); }
走到这里相当于startCoroutine中的createCoroutineUnintercepted(completion)
这一步就走完了,它最终返回的是StartCoroutineKt$block$1
的实例,也就是一个Continuation。它标志着协程被创建好了。再来看下intercepted是什么逻辑
intercepted
public fun <T> (suspend () -> T).startCoroutine( completion: Continuation<T> ) { createCoroutineUnintercepted(completion).intercepted().resume(Unit) } //好家伙,intercepted也是expect的 public expect fun <T> Continuation<T>.intercepted(): Continuation<T>
发现这里的intercepted扩展函数也是expect的,又得去kotlin仓库里面找jvm相关的实现。我找了下,路径在这里:
kotlin/libraries/stdlib/jvm/src/kotlin/coroutines/intrinsics/IntrinsicsJvm.kt
public actual fun <T> Continuation<T>.intercepted(): Continuation<T> = (this as? ContinuationImpl)?.intercepted() ?: this
intercepted是一个扩展函数,这里的this也就是前面createCoroutineUnintercepted(completion)
创建出来的StartCoroutineKt$block$1
实例,它本身是SuspendLambda的子类,而SuspendLambda就是ContinuationImpl的子类。
所以这里的as?
会转换成功,转换出来的不是null。也就是说走到了ContinuationImpl的intercepted()
internal abstract class ContinuationImpl( completion: Continuation<Any?>?, private val _context: CoroutineContext? ) : BaseContinuationImpl(completion) { constructor(completion: Continuation<Any?>?) : this(completion, completion?.context) //这个context其实就是传入的Continuation中的context public override val context: CoroutineContext get() = _context!! @Transient private var intercepted: Continuation<Any?>? = null public fun intercepted(): Continuation<Any?> = intercepted ?: (context[ContinuationInterceptor]?.interceptContinuation(this) ?: this) .also { intercepted = it } } @Transient private var intercepted: Continuation<Any?>? = null public fun intercepted(): Continuation<Any?> = intercepted ?: (context[ContinuationInterceptor]?.interceptContinuation(this) ?: this) .also { intercepted = it }
第一次执行这里时intercepted是null,那么会从context中取ContinuationInterceptor,而context就是Continuation传入的context,我们传入的是EmptyCoroutineContext,取出来是null(ContinuationInterceptor会对Continuation进行拦截,然后将执行逻辑指派到对应的线程之上去,这块的逻辑后面再细说,就不详细展开了。)
所以这里intercepted()最终执行结果就是返回this,this也就是StartCoroutineKt$block$1
(block函数生成的类)。
intercepted()
走完后再回到startCoroutine:
public fun <T> (suspend () -> T).startCoroutine( completion: Continuation<T> ) { createCoroutineUnintercepted(completion).intercepted().resume(Unit) }
resume
就差最后一个resume(Unit)了,前面createCoroutineUnintercepted(completion).intercepted()
创建出来的是StartCoroutineKt$block$1
实例,所以我们需要到这个类里面去找resume函数。
再提一下类的继承关系:
StartCoroutineKt$block$1 extends SuspendLambda implements Function1 internal abstract class SuspendLambda( public override val arity: Int, completion: Continuation<Any?>? ) : ContinuationImpl(completion), FunctionBase<Any?>, SuspendFunction internal abstract class ContinuationImpl( completion: Continuation<Any?>?, private val _context: CoroutineContext? ) : BaseContinuationImpl(completion) internal abstract class BaseContinuationImpl( public val completion: Continuation<Any?>? ) : Continuation<Any?>, CoroutineStackFrame, Serializable public interface Continuation<in T> { public val context: CoroutineContext public fun resumeWith(result: Result<T>) }
StartCoroutineKt$block$1
中没有该resume函数,其父类SuspendLambda也没有该函数,再到SuspendLambda的父类ContinuationImpl中,发现也没有。再到ContinuationImpl的父类BaseContinuationImpl中,也没有该函数,只有一个resumeWith,奇了怪了。后来,我发现这个resume函数是一个扩展函数:
public inline fun <T> Continuation<T>.resume(value: T): Unit = resumeWith(Result.success(value))
而resume这个扩展函数最终是调用的resumeWith,resumeWidth的实现在BaseContinuationImpl中。
public final override fun resumeWith(result: Result<Any?>) { var current = this var param = result while (true) { probeCoroutineResumed(current) with(current) { val completion = completion!! // fail fast when trying to resume continuation without completion val outcome: Result<Any?> = try { val outcome = invokeSuspend(param) if (outcome === COROUTINE_SUSPENDED) return Result.success(outcome) } catch (exception: Throwable) { Result.failure(exception) } releaseIntercepted() // this state machine instance is terminating if (completion is BaseContinuationImpl) { current = completion param = outcome } else { //label等于1时走这里 completion.resumeWith(outcome) return } } } }
这个开了个while(true)
循环,不断地执行invokeSuspend(),如果遇到invokeSuspend返回结果是COROUTINE_SUSPENDED
则退出while(true)
循环。
public final Object invokeSuspend(Object $result) { Object coroutine_suspended = IntrinsicsKt.getCOROUTINE_SUSPENDED(); //状态机 switch (this.label) { case 0: //label一开始是0 ResultKt.throwOnFailure($result); System.out.println("start"); this.label = 1; //这里正常情况会返回COROUTINE_SUSPENDED,label已经改成1了,下次走case 1的逻辑 if (DelayKt.delay(2000, this) != coroutine_suspended) { break; } else { return coroutine_suspended; } case 1: //label为1,没有return,继续走最后的结束语句 ResultKt.throwOnFailure($result); break; default: throw new IllegalStateException("call to 'resume' before 'invoke' with coroutine"); } //结束 System.out.println("end"); return "云天明"; }
invokeSuspend实际上就是我们的demo中的StartCoroutineKt$block$1
里的invokeSuspend函数。在demo中,这个invokeSuspend第一次的时候状态机那里,label是0,所以会随即走到DelayKt.delay(2000, this)
,它是一个挂起函数,此时会拿到结果:COROUTINE_SUSPENDED
。
resumeWith遇到COROUTINE_SUSPENDED
就不会继续往下走了,等到delay执行完成之后,会回调这个resumeWith函数,再继续走invokeSuspend,此时label已经是1了,走到状态机逻辑那里,返回结果“云天明”。
这个结果会被resumeWidth的outcome接收住,resumeWidth中的这个completion其实就是我们demo中的StartCoroutineKt$main$continuation$1
(实现Continuation<String>
的那个类,是通过构造函数传进来的),最终会走到completion.resumeWith(outcome)
,也就是来到了输出结果的地方:println("结果: ${result.getOrNull()}")
。整个流程就走完了。
结语
createCoroutine用来创建协程,startCoroutine用来创建并启动协程。它们内部的原理是类似的,只是一个没有调用resume启动协程,另一个调用了resume启动协程。编译的时候,会生成一个SuspendLambda的实现类,该类invokeSuspend用于执行状态机的逻辑,调用resume后该状态机会被触发,状态机走完,协程也就走完了。
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