Vue 中插槽的使用总结
作者:Errol_King
这篇文章主要向大家分享的是Vue 中插槽的使用总结,包括内容有默认插槽、具名插槽、作用域插槽等内容,具有一定的参考价值,需要的小伙伴可以参考一下
默认插槽
首先做一个页面:
新增 Category.vue
<template> <div class="category"> <h3>{{title}}分类</h3> <ul> <li v-for="(item,index) in listData" :key="index">{{item}}</li> </ul> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Category", props:["title","listData"] } </script> <style scoped> .category{ background-color: skyblue; width: 200px; height: 300px; } h3{ text-align: center; background-color: orange; } </style>
App.vue 中使用
<template> <div class="container"> <Category title="美食" :listData="foods"/> <Category title="游戏" :listData="games"/> <Category title="电影" :listData="films"/> </div> </template> <script> import Category from "@/components/Category"; export default { name: 'App', components: {Category}, data(){ return{ foods:["火锅","烧烤","小龙虾","牛排"], games:["劲舞团","QQ飞车","超级玛丽","无人深空"], films:["《教父》","《狩猎》","《禁闭岛》","《聚焦》"] } } } </script> <style> .container { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; } </style>
现在修改需求,每个分类都要展示不同的内容:
这里就用到了插槽,修改 Category.vue
<template> <div class="category"> <h3>{{title}}分类</h3> <slot></slot> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Category", props:["title"] } </script> <style scoped> .category{ background-color: skyblue; width: 200px; height: 300px; } h3{ text-align: center; background-color: orange; } </style>
修改 App.vue
<template> <div class="container"> <Category title="美食" :listData="foods"> <img src="https://img2.baidu.com/it/u=2073611229,1921777437&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1200&h=675"/> </Category> <Category title="游戏" :listData="games"> <ul> <li v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li> </ul> </Category> <Category title="电影"> <video controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"/> </Category> </div> </template> <script> import Category from "@/components/Category"; export default { name: 'App', components: {Category}, data(){ return{ foods:["火锅","烧烤","小龙虾","牛排"], games:["劲舞团","QQ飞车","超级玛丽","无人深空"], films:["《教父》","《狩猎》","《禁闭岛》","《聚焦》"] } } } </script> <style> .container { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; } img,video{ width: 100%; } </style>
具名插槽
修改 Category.vue
<template> <div class="category"> <h3>{{title}}分类</h3> <slot name="center">这是一些默认值,没有内容时展示</slot> <slot name="footer">这是一些默认值,没有内容时展示</slot> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Category", props:["title"] } </script> <style scoped> .category{ background-color: skyblue; width: 200px; height: 300px; } h3{ text-align: center; background-color: orange; } </style>
修改 App.vue
<template> <div class="container"> <Category title="美食" :listData="foods"> <img slot="center" src="https://img2.baidu.com/it/u=2073611229,1921777437&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1200&h=675"/> <a slot="footer" href="https://www.baidu.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >更多美食</a> </Category> <Category title="游戏" :listData="games"> <ul slot="center"> <li v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li> </ul> <div class="foot" slot="footer"> <a href="https://www.baidu.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >单机游戏</a> <a href="https://www.baidu.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >网络游戏</a> </div> </Category> <Category title="电影"> <video slot="center" controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"/> <!--v-slot 只有template能用--> <template v-slot:footer> <div class="foot" slot="footer"> <a href="https://www.baidu.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >经典</a> <a href="https://www.baidu.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >热门</a> <a href="https://www.baidu.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >推荐</a> </div> </template> </Category> </div> </template> <script> import Category from "@/components/Category"; export default { name: 'App', components: {Category}, data(){ return{ foods:["火锅","烧烤","小龙虾","牛排"], games:["劲舞团","QQ飞车","超级玛丽","无人深空"], films:["《教父》","《狩猎》","《禁闭岛》","《聚焦》"] } } } </script> <style> .container,.foot { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; } img,video{ width: 100%; } </style>
作用域插槽
如果数据在 Category 中,但需要展示不同的形式,我们可以通过插槽传值,类似于我们从父组件向子组件传值:
<template> <div class="category"> <h3>{{ title }}分类</h3> <slot :games="games" :msg="hello"></slot> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Category", props: ["title"], data() { return { games: ["劲舞团", "QQ飞车", "超级玛丽", "无人深空"] } } } </script> <style scoped> .category { background-color: skyblue; width: 200px; height: 300px; } h3 { text-align: center; background-color: orange; } </style>
App 中在子组件中使用 <template> 包裹要展示的内容,标签中可以使用scope接收传过来的值
<template> <div class="container"> <Category title="游戏"> <template v-slot="receiveValue"> <ul> <li v-for="(g,index) in receiveValue.games" :key="index">{{ g }}</li> </ul> <a>{{ receiveValue.msg }}</a> </template> </Category> <Category title="游戏"> <template v-slot="{games,msg}"> <ol> <li v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{ g }}</li> </ol> <a>{{ msg }}</a> </template> </Category> <Category title="游戏"> <template v-slot="{games,msg}"> <h4 v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{ g }}</h4> <a>{{ msg }}</a> </template> </Category> </div> </template> <script> import Category from "@/components/Category"; export default { name: 'App', components: {Category}, } </script> <style> .container, .foot { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; } img, video { width: 100%; } </style>
插槽总结
- 1.作用:让父组件可以向子组件指定位置插入 html 结构,也是一种组件问通信的方式,适用于父组件==>子组件
- 2.分类:默认插槽、具名插槽、作用域插槽
- 3.使用方式:
默认插槽
父组件中:
<Category> <div>html结构</div> <Category>
子组件中:
<template> <div> <!--定义插槽--> <slot>插槽默认内容...</slot> </div> </templdte>
具名插槽
父组件中:
<Category> <template slot="center"> <div>html结构1</div> </template> <tenplate v-slot:footer> <div>html结构2</div> </template> </Category>
子组件中:
<template> <div> <1--定义插槽--> <slot name="center">插槽默认内容...</slot> <slot name="footer”>插槽默认内容...</slot> </div> </template>
作用域插槽
- 1.理解:数据在组件的自身,但根据数据生成的结构需要组件的使用者来决定,(games 数据在 Category 组件中,但使用数据所遍历出来的结构由 App 组件决定)
- 2.具体编码:
父组件中:
<category> <template v-slot="scopeData" <!--生成的是ul列表--> <ul> <li v-for="g in scopeDsta.games" : key="g">{g}</li> </ul> </template> </Category> <Category> <template v-slot={scopeData}> <!--生成的是h4标题--> <h4 v-for="g in scopeData" :key="g">{{g}}</h4> </template> </Category>
子组件中:
<template> <div> <slot :games="games"></slot> </div> </template> <script> export default{ name: "Category ', props: ["title"], //数据在子组件自身 data() { return{ games:['红色警戒,穿越火线',"劲舞团",超级玛丽"] } } }</script>
注意:scope和slot-scope过时了,可以使用v-slot
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