pyppeteer执行js绕过webdriver监测方法上
作者:Jeff的技术栈
这篇文章主要为大家介绍了pyppeteer执行js绕过webdriver监测方法,有需要的朋友可以借鉴参考下,希望能够有所帮助,祝大家多多进步早日升职加薪
Pyppeteer简介
Puppeteer 是 Google 基于 Node.js 开发的一个工具,有了它我们可以通过 JavaScript 来控制 Chrome 浏览器的一些操作,当然也可以用作网络爬虫上,其 API 极其完善,功能非常强大。 而 Pyppeteer 又是什么呢?它实际上是 Puppeteer 的 Python 版本的实现,但他不是 Google 开发的,是一位来自于日本的工程师依据 Puppeteer 的一些功能开发出来的非官方版本。
官方文档: https://miyakogi.github.io/pyppeteer/reference.html
下载
pip install pyppeteer
打开网页并截图
import asyncio from pyppeteer import launch async def main(): browser = await launch() page = await browser.newPage() await page.goto('http://example.com') await page.screenshot({'path': 'example.png'}) await browser.close() asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
评估页面上的脚本
import asyncio from pyppeteer import launch async def main(): browser = await launch() page = await browser.newPage() await page.goto('http://example.com') await page.screenshot({'path': 'example.png'}) dimensions = await page.evaluate('''() => { return { width: document.documentElement.clientWidth, height: document.documentElement.clientHeight, deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio, } }''') print(dimensions) # >>> {'width': 800, 'height': 600, 'deviceScaleFactor': 1} await browser.close() asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
关键字参数的选项
{'headless': True} # 默认为True无头 {'headless': False} # 改为False变成有头 browser = await launch({'headless': False})
选择器
Page.querySelector() # CSS选择器 Page.querySelectorAll() # CSS选择器选所有 Page.xpath() # xpath选择器
参数Page.evaluate()和Page.querySelectorEval()
添加force_expr=True选项,这会强制pyppeteer将字符串视为表达式。
获取页面内容的示例:
content = await page.evaluate('document.body.textContent', force_expr=True) import asyncio from pyppeteer import launch async def main(): browser = await launch({'headless': False}) page = await browser.newPage() await page.goto('https://www.cnblogs.com/guyouyin123/p/12669430.html#selenium%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%99%A8%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9') content = await page.evaluate('document.body.textContent', force_expr=True) print(content) await browser.close() asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
获取元素内部文本的示例:
element = await page.querySelector('h1') title = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)
基础用法
import asyncio from pyppeteer import launch async def main(): # headless参数设为False,则变成有头模式 # Pyppeteer支持字典和关键字传参,Puppeteer只支持字典传参 # 指定引擎路径 # exepath = r'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\pyppeteer\pyppeteer\local-chromium\575458\chrome-win32/chrome.exe' # browser = await launch({'executablePath': exepath, 'headless': False, 'slowMo': 30}) browser = await launch( # headless=False, {'headless': False} ) page = await browser.newPage() # 设置页面视图大小 await page.setViewport(viewport={'width': 1280, 'height': 800}) # 是否启用JS,enabled设为False,则无渲染效果 await page.setJavaScriptEnabled(enabled=True) # 超时间见 1000 毫秒 res = await page.goto('https://www.toutiao.com/', options={'timeout': 1000}) resp_headers = res.headers # 响应头 resp_status = res.status # 响应状态 # 等待 await asyncio.sleep(2) # 第二种方法,在while循环里强行查询某元素进行等待 while not await page.querySelector('.t'): pass # 滚动到页面底部 await page.evaluate('window.scrollBy(0, document.body.scrollHeight)') await asyncio.sleep(2) # 截图 保存图片 await page.screenshot({'path': 'toutiao.png'}) # 打印页面cookies print(await page.cookies()) """ 打印页面文本 """ # 获取所有 html 内容 print(await page.content()) # 在网页上执行js 脚本 dimensions = await page.evaluate(pageFunction='''() => { return { width: document.documentElement.clientWidth, // 页面宽度 height: document.documentElement.clientHeight, // 页面高度 deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio, // 像素比 1.0000000149011612 } }''', force_expr=False) # force_expr=False 执行的是函数 print(dimensions) # 只获取文本 执行 js 脚本 force_expr 为 True 则执行的是表达式 content = await page.evaluate(pageFunction='document.body.textContent', force_expr=True) print(content) # 打印当前页标题 print(await page.title()) # 抓取新闻内容 可以使用 xpath 表达式 """ # Pyppeteer 三种解析方式 Page.querySelector() # 选择器 Page.querySelectorAll() Page.xpath() # xpath 表达式 # 简写方式为: Page.J(), Page.JJ(), and Page.Jx() """ element = await page.querySelector(".feed-infinite-wrapper > ul>li") # 纸抓取一个 print(element) # 获取所有文本内容 执行 js content = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element) print(content) # elements = await page.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/a') elements = await page.querySelectorAll(".title-box a") for item in elements: print(await item.getProperty('textContent')) # <pyppeteer.execution_context.JSHandle object at 0x000002220E7FE518> # 获取文本 title_str = await (await item.getProperty('textContent')).jsonValue() # 获取链接 title_link = await (await item.getProperty('href')).jsonValue() print(title_str) print(title_link) # 关闭浏览器 await browser.close() asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main()) import asyncio import pyppeteer from collections import namedtuple Response = namedtuple("rs", "title url html cookies headers history status") async def get_html(url): browser = await pyppeteer.launch(headless=True, args=['--no-sandbox']) page = await browser.newPage() res = await page.goto(url, options={'timeout': 3000}) data = await page.content() title = await page.title() resp_cookies = await page.cookies() # cookie resp_headers = res.headers # 响应头 resp_status = res.status # 响应状态 print(data) print(title) print(resp_headers) print(resp_status) return title if __name__ == '__main__': url_list = ["https://www.toutiao.com/", "http://jandan.net/ooxx/page-8#comments", "https://www.12306.cn/index/" ] task = [get_html(url) for url in url_list] loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() results = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*task)) for res in results: print(res) headers = {'date': 'Sun, 28 Apr 2019 06:50:20 GMT', 'server': 'Cmcc', 'x-frame-options': 'SAMEORIGIN\nSAMEORIGIN', 'last-modified': 'Fri, 26 Apr 2019 09:58:09 GMT', 'accept-ranges': 'bytes', 'cache-control': 'max-age=43200', 'expires': 'Sun, 28 Apr 2019 18:50:20 GMT', 'vary': 'Accept-Encoding,User-Agent', 'content-encoding': 'gzip', 'content-length': '19823', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'connection': 'Keep-alive', 'via': '1.1 ID-0314217270751344 uproxy-17'}
模拟输入
# 模拟输入 账号密码 {'delay': rand_int()} 为输入时间 await page.type('#TPL_username_1', "sadfasdfasdf") await page.type('#TPL_password_1', "123456789", ) await page.waitFor(1000) await page.click("#J_SubmitStatic")
使用 tkinter 获取页面高度 宽度
def screen_size(): """使用tkinter获取屏幕大小""" import tkinter tk = tkinter.Tk() width = tk.winfo_screenwidth() height = tk.winfo_screenheight() tk.quit() return width, height
爬取京东商城
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup from pyppeteer import launch import asyncio def screen_size(): """使用tkinter获取屏幕大小""" import tkinter tk = tkinter.Tk() width = tk.winfo_screenwidth() height = tk.winfo_screenheight() tk.quit() return width, height async def main(url): # browser = await launch({'headless': False, 'args': ['--no-sandbox'], }) browser = await launch({'args': ['--no-sandbox'], }) page = await browser.newPage() width, height = screen_size() await page.setViewport(viewport={"width": width, "height": height}) await page.setJavaScriptEnabled(enabled=True) await page.setUserAgent( 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299') await page.goto(url) # await asyncio.sleep(2) await page.evaluate('window.scrollBy(0, document.body.scrollHeight)') await asyncio.sleep(1) # content = await page.content() li_list = await page.xpath('//*[@id="J_goodsList"]/ul/li') # print(li_list) item_list = [] for li in li_list: a = await li.xpath('.//div[@class="p-img"]/a') detail_url = await (await a[0].getProperty("href")).jsonValue() promo_words = await (await a[0].getProperty("title")).jsonValue() a_ = await li.xpath('.//div[@class="p-commit"]/strong/a') p_commit = await (await a_[0].getProperty("textContent")).jsonValue() i = await li.xpath('./div/div[3]/strong/i') price = await (await i[0].getProperty("textContent")).jsonValue() em = await li.xpath('./div/div[4]/a/em') title = await (await em[0].getProperty("textContent")).jsonValue() item = { "title": title, "detail_url": detail_url, "promo_words": promo_words, 'p_commit': p_commit, 'price': price } item_list.append(item) # print(item) # break # print(content) await page_close(browser) return item_list async def page_close(browser): for _page in await browser.pages(): await _page.close() await browser.close() msg = "手机" url = "https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={}&enc=utf-8&qrst=1&rt=1&stop=1&vt=2&wq={}&cid2=653&cid3=655&page={}" task_list = [] for i in range(1, 6): page = i * 2 - 1 url = url.format(msg, msg, page) task_list.append(main(url)) loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() results = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*task_list)) # print(results, len(results)) for i in results: print(i, len(i)) # soup = BeautifulSoup(content, 'lxml') # div = soup.find('div', id='J_goodsList') # for i, li in enumerate(div.find_all('li', class_='gl-item')): # if li.select('.p-img a'): # print(li.select('.p-img a')[0]['href'], i) # print(li.select('.p-price i')[0].get_text(), i) # print(li.select('.p-name em')[0].text, i) # else: # print("#" * 200) # print(li)
爬取淘宝网
taobao.py
import asyncio import time from pyppeteer.launcher import launch from alifunc import mouse_slide, input_time_random from exe_js import js1, js3, js4, js5 def screen_size(): """使用tkinter获取屏幕大小""" import tkinter tk = tkinter.Tk() width = tk.winfo_screenwidth() height = tk.winfo_screenheight() tk.quit() return width, height async def main(username, pwd, url): browser = await launch({'headless': False, 'args': ['--no-sandbox'], }, userDataDir='./userdata', args=['--window-size=1366,768']) page = await browser.newPage() width, height = screen_size() await page.setViewport(viewport={"width": width, "height": height}) await page.setUserAgent( 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299') await page.goto(url) await page.evaluate(js1) await page.evaluate(js3) await page.evaluate(js4) await page.evaluate(js5) pwd_login = await page.querySelector('.J_Quick2Static') # print(await (await pwd_login.getProperty('textContent')).jsonValue()) await pwd_login.click() await page.type('#TPL_username_1', username, {'delay': input_time_random() - 50}) await page.type('#TPL_password_1', pwd, {'delay': input_time_random()}) await page.screenshot({'path': './headless-test-result.png'}) time.sleep(2) slider = await page.Jeval('#nocaptcha', 'node => node.style') # 是否有滑块 if slider: print('出现滑块情况判定') await page.screenshot({'path': './headless-login-slide.png'}) flag = await mouse_slide(page=page) if flag: print(page.url) await page.keyboard.press('Enter') await get_cookie(page) else: await page.keyboard.press('Enter') await page.waitFor(20) await page.waitForNavigation() try: global error error = await page.Jeval('.error', 'node => node.textContent') except Exception as e: error = None print(e, "错啦") finally: if error: print('确保账户安全重新入输入') else: print(page.url) # 可继续网页跳转 已经携带 cookie # await get_search(page) await get_cookie(page) await page_close(browser) async def page_close(browser): for _page in await browser.pages(): await _page.close() await browser.close() async def get_search(page): # https://s.taobao.com/search?q={查询的条件}&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s={每页 44 条 第一页 0 第二页 44}&sort=sale-desc await page.goto("https://s.taobao.com/search?q=气球") await asyncio.sleep(5) # print(await page.content()) # 获取登录后cookie async def get_cookie(page): res = await page.content() cookies_list = await page.cookies() cookies = '' for cookie in cookies_list: str_cookie = '{0}={1};' str_cookie = str_cookie.format(cookie.get('name'), cookie.get('value')) cookies += str_cookie print(cookies) # 将cookie 放入 cookie 池 以便多次请求 封账号 利用cookie 对搜索内容进行爬取 return cookies if __name__ == '__main__': username = 'username' pwd = 'password' url = "https://login.taobao.com/member/login.jhtml?spm=a21bo.2017.754894437.1.5af911d9qqVAb1&f=top&redirectURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taobao.com%2F" loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() loop.run_until_complete(main(username, pwd, url))
exe_js.py
js1 = '''() =>{ Object.defineProperties(navigator,{ webdriver:{ get: () => false } }) }''' js2 = '''() => { alert ( window.navigator.webdriver ) }''' js3 = '''() => { window.navigator.chrome = { runtime: {}, // etc. }; }''' js4 = '''() =>{ Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'languages', { get: () => ['en-US', 'en'] }); }''' js5 = '''() =>{ Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'plugins', { get: () => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6], }); }'''
alifunc.py
from retrying import retry # 错误自动重试 import time, asyncio, random def retry_if_result_none(result): return result is None @retry(retry_on_result=retry_if_result_none, ) async def mouse_slide(page=None): await asyncio.sleep(3) try: await page.hover('#nc_1_n1z') await page.mouse.down() await page.mouse.move(2000, 0, {'delay': random.randint(1000, 2000)}) await page.mouse.up() except Exception as e: print(e, ' :slide login False') return None else: await asyncio.sleep(3) slider_again = await page.Jeval('.nc-lang-cnt', 'node => node.textContent') if slider_again != '验证通过': return None else: await page.screenshot({'path': './headless-slide-result.png'}) print('验证通过') return 1 def input_time_random(): return random.randint(100, 151)
利用获取到的cookie 爬取搜索内容
import json import requests import re # 设置 cookie 池 随机发送请求 通过 pyppeteer 获取 cookie cookie = '_tb_token_=edd7e354dee53;t=fed8f4ca1946ca1e73223cfae04bc589;sg=20f;cna=2uJSFdQGmDMCAbfFWXWAC4Jv;cookie2=1db6cd63ad358170ea13319f7a862c33;_l_g_=Ug%3D%3D;v=0;unb=3150916610;skt=49cbfd5e01d1b550;cookie1=BxVRmD3sh19TaAU6lH88bHw5oq%2BgcAGcRe229Hj5DTA%3D;csg=cf45a9e2;uc3=vt3=F8dByEazRMnQZDe%2F9qI%3D&id2=UNGTqfZ61Z3rsA%3D%3D&nk2=oicxO%2BHX4Pg%3D&lg2=U%2BGCWk%2F75gdr5Q%3D%3D;existShop=MTU1Njg3MDM3MA%3D%3D;tracknick=%5Cu7433150322;lgc=%5Cu7433150322;_cc_=V32FPkk%2Fhw%3D%3D;mt=ci=86_1;dnk=%5Cu7433150322;_nk_=%5Cu7433150322;cookie17=UNGTqfZ61Z3rsA%3D%3D;tg=0;enc=tThHs6Sn3BAl8v1fu3J4tMpgzA1n%2BLzxjib0vDAtGsXJCb4hqQZ7Z9fHIzsN0WghdcKEsoeKz6mBwPUpyzLOZw%3D%3D;JSESSIONID=B3F383B3467EC60F8CA425935232D395;l=bBMspAhrveV5732DBOCanurza77OSIRYYuPzaNbMi_5pm6T_G4QOlC03xF96VjfRswYBqh6Mygv9-etuZ;hng=CN%7Czh-CN%7CCNY%7C156;isg=BLi41Q8PENDal3xUVsA-aPbfiWaKiRzB6vcTu_IpBPOmDVj3mjHsO86vxUQYW9SD;uc1=cookie16=W5iHLLyFPlMGbLDwA%2BdvAGZqLg%3D%3D&cookie21=W5iHLLyFeYZ1WM9hVnmS&cookie15=UIHiLt3xD8xYTw%3D%3D&existShop=false&pas=0&cookie14=UoTZ4ttqLhxJww%3D%3D&tag=8&lng=zh_CN;thw=cn;x=e%3D1%26p%3D*%26s%3D0%26c%3D0%26f%3D0%26g%3D0%26t%3D0;swfstore=34617;' headers = { 'cookie': cookie, "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.103 Safari/537.36" } rep = requests.get('https://s.taobao.com/search?q=手机&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s=0&sort=sale-desc ', headers=headers) rep.encoding = 'utf-8' res = rep.text print(res) r = re.compile(r'g_page_config = (.*?)g_srp_loadCss', re.S) res = r.findall(res) data = res[0].strip().rstrip(';') dic_data = json.loads(data) auctions = dic_data.get('mods')['itemlist']['data']['auctions'] # print(auctions,len(auctions)) for item in auctions[1:]: print(item) break
针对iframe 的操作
page.frames 获取所有的 iframe 列表 需要判断操作的是哪一个 iframe 跟操作 page 一样操作
from pyppeteer import launch import asyncio async def main(url): w = await launch({'headless': False, 'args': ['--no-sandbox'], }) page = await w.newPage() await page.setViewport({"width": 1366, 'height': 800}) await page.goto(url) try: await asyncio.sleep(1) frame = page.frames print(frame) # 需要找到是哪一个 frame title = await frame[1].title() print(title) await asyncio.sleep(1) login = await frame[1].querySelector('#switcher_plogin') print(login) await login.click() await asyncio.sleep(20) except Exception as e: print(e, "EEEEEEEEE") for _page in await w.pages(): await _page.close() await w.close() asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main("https://i.qq.com/?rd=1")) # asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main("https://www.gushici.com/"))
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