python 数据挖掘算法的过程详解

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
# 定义线性回归模型
model = LinearRegression(fit_intercept=True, normalize=False, 
    copy_X=True, n_jobs=1)
"""
参数
---
    fit_intercept：是否计算截距。False-模型没有截距
    normalize： 当fit_intercept设置为False时，该参数将被忽略。 如果为真，则回归前的回归系数X将通过减去平均值并除以l2-范数而归一化。
     n_jobs：指定线程数
"""

from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
# 定义逻辑回归模型
model = LogisticRegression(penalty='l2', dual=False, tol=0.0001, C=1.0, 
    fit_intercept=True, intercept_scaling=1, class_weight=None, 
    random_state=None, solver='liblinear', max_iter=100, multi_class='ovr', 
    verbose=0, warm_start=False, n_jobs=1)
 
"""参数
---
    penalty：使用指定正则化项（默认：l2）
    dual: n_samples > n_features取False（默认）
    C：正则化强度的反，值越小正则化强度越大
    n_jobs: 指定线程数
    random_state：随机数生成器
    fit_intercept: 是否需要常量
"""

from sklearn import naive_bayes
model = naive_bayes.GaussianNB() # 高斯贝叶斯
model = naive_bayes.MultinomialNB(alpha=1.0, fit_prior=True, class_prior=None)
model = naive_bayes.BernoulliNB(alpha=1.0, binarize=0.0, fit_prior=True, class_prior=None)
"""
文本分类问题常用MultinomialNB
参数
---
    alpha：平滑参数
    fit_prior：是否要学习类的先验概率；false-使用统一的先验概率
    class_prior: 是否指定类的先验概率；若指定则不能根据参数调整
    binarize: 二值化的阈值，若为None，则假设输入由二进制向量组成
"""

from sklearn import tree 
model = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion='gini', max_depth=None, 
    min_samples_split=2, min_samples_leaf=1, min_weight_fraction_leaf=0.0, 
    max_features=None, random_state=None, max_leaf_nodes=None, 
    min_impurity_decrease=0.0, min_impurity_split=None,
     class_weight=None, presort=False)
"""参数
---
    criterion ：特征选择准则gini/entropy
    max_depth：树的最大深度，None-尽量下分
    min_samples_split：分裂内部节点，所需要的最小样本树
    min_samples_leaf：叶子节点所需要的最小样本数
    max_features: 寻找最优分割点时的最大特征数
    max_leaf_nodes：优先增长到最大叶子节点数
    min_impurity_decrease：如果这种分离导致杂质的减少大于或等于这个值，则节点将被拆分。
"""

from sklearn.svm import SVC
model = SVC(C=1.0, kernel='rbf', gamma='auto')
"""参数
---
    C：误差项的惩罚参数C
    gamma: 核相关系数。浮点数，If gamma is ‘auto' then 1/n_features will be used instead.
"""

from sklearn import neighbors
#定义kNN分类模型
model = neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=5, n_jobs=1) # 分类
model = neighbors.KNeighborsRegressor(n_neighbors=5, n_jobs=1) # 回归
"""参数
---
    n_neighbors： 使用邻居的数目
    n_jobs：并行任务数
"""

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
 
df = pd.DataFrame({"x": [25, 34, 22, 27, 33, 33, 31, 22, 35, 34, 67, 54, 57, 43, 50, 57, 59, 52, 65, 47, 49, 48, 35, 33, 44, 45, 38, 43, 51, 46],
                   "y": [79, 51, 53, 78, 59, 74, 73, 57, 69, 75, 51, 32, 40, 47, 53, 36, 35, 59, 59, 50, 25, 20, 14, 12, 20, 5,  29, 27, 8,  7]})
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3).fit(df)
centroids = kmeans.cluster_centers_
# 打印类聚中心
print(type(centroids), centroids)
# 可视化类聚结果
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(df['x'],df['y'],c=kmeans.labels_.astype(float),s=50, alpha=0.5)
ax.scatter(centroids[:, 0], centroids[:, 1], c='red', s=50)
plt.show()

from sklearn.externals import joblib
 
# 保存模型
joblib.dump(model, 'model.pickle')
#载入模型
model = joblib.load('model.pickle')