.Net Core中自定义认证实现
作者：chaney1992
本文主要介绍了.Net Core中自定义认证实现，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
一、起因
最近项目中需要对项目同时支持JWT认证，以及自定义的认证校验方式认证。通过对官方文档了解，得到认证实现主要通过继承 IAuthenticationHandler 或 AuthenticationHandler<TOptions>来实现自定义认证的处理。
那么接下来实现一个自定义的认证访问。
二、自定义认证实现
1、根据前面内容得知，处理认证通过IAuthenticationHandler 实例处理；那么首先添加一个自定义IAuthenticationHandler 类型：
/// <summary>
/// 方式一：自定义认证处理器
/// </summary>
public class CustomerAuthenticationHandler : IAuthenticationHandler
{
private IUserService _userService;
public CustomerAuthenticationHandler(IUserService userService)
{
_userService = userService;
}
/// <summary>
/// 自定义认证Scheme名称
/// </summary>
public const string CustomerSchemeName = "cusAuth";
private AuthenticationScheme _scheme;
private HttpContext _context;
/// <summary>
/// 认证逻辑：认证校验主要逻辑
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public Task<AuthenticateResult> AuthenticateAsync()
{
AuthenticateResult result;
_context.Request.Headers.TryGetValue("Authorization", out StringValues values);
string valStr = values.ToString();
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(valStr))
{
//认证模拟basic认证：cusAuth YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=
string[] authVal = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(valStr.Substring(CustomerSchemeName.Length + 1))).Split(':');
var loginInfo = new Dto.LoginDto() { Username = authVal[0], Password = authVal[1] };
var validVale = _userService.IsValid(loginInfo);
if (!validVale)
result = AuthenticateResult.Fail("未登陆");
else
{
var ticket = GetAuthTicket(loginInfo.Username, "admin");
result = AuthenticateResult.Success(ticket);
}
}
else
{
result = AuthenticateResult.Fail("未登陆");
}
return Task.FromResult(result);
}
/// <summary>
/// 未登录时的处理
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Task ChallengeAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties)
{
_context.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized;
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
/// <summary>
/// 权限不足时处理
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Task ForbidAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties)
{
_context.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Forbidden;
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化认证
/// </summary>
/// <param name="scheme"></param>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Task InitializeAsync(AuthenticationScheme scheme, HttpContext context)
{
_scheme = scheme;
_context = context;
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
#region 认证校验逻辑
/// <summary>
/// 生成认证票据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name"></param>
/// <param name="role"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private AuthenticationTicket GetAuthTicket(string name, string role)
{
var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(new Claim[]
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, name),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role),
}, CustomerSchemeName);
var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity);
return new AuthenticationTicket(principal, _scheme.Name);
}
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// 方式二：继承已实现的基类
/// </summary>
public class SubAuthenticationHandler : AuthenticationHandler<AuthenticationSchemeOptions>
{
public SubAuthenticationHandler(IOptionsMonitor<AuthenticationSchemeOptions> options, ILoggerFactory logger, UrlEncoder encoder, ISystemClock clock)
: base(options, logger, encoder, clock)
{
}
protected override Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}2、在Startup.cs中启用自定义认证：
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
//other code
services.AddAuthentication(o =>
{
x.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName;
x.DefaultChallengeScheme = CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName;
o.AddScheme<CustomerAuthenticationHandler>(CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName, CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName);
});
//other code
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
//other code
app.UseRouting();
//在UseRouting后；UseEndpoints前添加以下代码
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
//other code
app.UseEndpoints()
}3、在控制器上添加认证标记，测试验证
//指定认证时，采用CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName
[Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName)]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class AuditLogController : ControllerBase
{
//code
}调用
三、多认证支持
在实际项目中可能存在，对一个控制器支持多种认证方式如：常用的Jwt认证、自定义认证等，那么如何实现呢？
1、在Startup的ConfigureServices 方法中添加以下逻辑：
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
//other code
services.Configure<JwtSetting>(Configuration.GetSection("JWTSetting"));
var token = Configuration.GetSection("JWTSetting").Get<JwtSetting>();
//JWT认证
services.AddAuthentication(x =>
{
x.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
x.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
//添加自定义认证处理器
x.AddScheme<CustomerAuthenticationHandler>(CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName, CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName);
}).AddJwtBearer(x =>
{
x.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
x.SaveToken = true;
x.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
{
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(token.SecretKey)),
ValidIssuer = token.Issuer,
ValidAudience = token.Audience,
ValidateIssuer = false,
ValidateAudience = false
};
});
//other code
}2、在需要支持多种认证方式的控制器上添加标记：
//指定认证时，采用CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName
[Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName)]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class AuditLogController : ControllerBase
{
//code
}
//指定认证采用JWT
[Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)]
public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
{
//code
}这样就支持了两种认证方式
3、一个控制器支持多种认证类型：继承Jwt认证处理，并根据Scheme那么调用自定义的认证处理器：
/// <summary>
/// 方式二：同时支持多种认证方式
/// </summary>
public class MultAuthenticationHandler : JwtBearerHandler
{
public const string MultAuthName = "MultAuth";
IUserService _userService;
public MultAuthenticationHandler(IOptionsMonitor<JwtBearerOptions> options, ILoggerFactory logger, UrlEncoder encoder, ISystemClock clock, IUserService userService)
: base(options, logger, encoder, clock)
{
_userService = userService;
}
protected override Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync()
{
Context.Request.Headers.TryGetValue("Authorization", out StringValues values);
string valStr = values.ToString();
if (valStr.StartsWith(CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName))
{
var result = Valid();
if (result != null)
return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(result));
else
return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("未认证"));
}
else
return base.AuthenticateAsync();
}
private AuthenticationTicket Valid()
{
Context.Request.Headers.TryGetValue("Authorization", out StringValues values);
string valStr = values.ToString();
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(valStr))
{
//认证模拟basic认证：cusAuth YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=
string[] authVal = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(valStr.Substring(CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName.Length + 1))).Split(':');
var loginInfo = new Dto.LoginDto() { Username = authVal[0], Password = authVal[1] };
if (_userService.IsValid(loginInfo))
return GetAuthTicket(loginInfo.Username, "admin");
}
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 生成认证票据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name"></param>
/// <param name="role"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private AuthenticationTicket GetAuthTicket(string name, string role)
{
var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(new Claim[]
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, name),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role),
}, CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName);
var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity);
return new AuthenticationTicket(principal, CustomerAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName);
}
}四、总结
.Net Core中的自定义认证主要通过实现IAuthenticationHandler 接口实现，如果要实现多认证方式通过AddScheme 应用自定义实现的认证处理器。
源码：github
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