Python中常见的反爬机制及其破解方法总结

import requests

for page in range(1, 6):
    response = requests.get(
        'http://api.tianapi.com/topnews/index',
        params={
            'key': 'd5eace66dccd771e36767ce3563efa09',
            'page': page,
            'num': 20,
            'word': '华为',
            'src': '人民日报'
        }
    )
    result = response.json()
    for news in result['newslist']:
        print(news['title'])
        print(news['url'])

import easyocr
reader = easyocr.Reader(['ch_sim', 'en'], gpu=False)
print(reader.readtext('./files/captcha.jpg', detail=0))

import io

import easyocr

from PIL import Image
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.set_window_size(1280, 960)
browser.get('http://mail.1000phone.com/')
# 隐式等待（下面的方法在工作时如果取不到就等10秒）
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
# 显式等待
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
wait.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.login_panel_iframe')))
iframe1 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.login_panel_iframe')
# 记录iframe1的位置（相对位置）
x1, y1 = iframe1.location['x'], iframe1.location['y']
# Chrome对象的switch_to属性的frame方法，可以从页面切换到iframe中
browser.switch_to.frame(iframe1)
iframe2 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#ding-login-iframe')
x2, y2 = iframe2.location['x'], iframe2.location['y']
browser.switch_to.frame(iframe2)
username_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#username')
# 模拟用户输入
username_input.send_keys('xx@1000phone.com')
password_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#password')
password_input.send_keys('xxxxx!!')
# 创建一个等待对象
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
wait.until(expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#login_checkcode_ico')))
captcha_img = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode_ico')
# WebElement对象的size属性代表元素宽度和高度，location属性代表元素在窗口中的位置
size, location = captcha_img.size, captcha_img.location
x3, y3, width, height = location['x'], location['y'], size['width'], size['height']
# 截取整个浏览器窗口的图片获得图片的二进制数据
image_data = browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
# bytes（只读字节串） ----> io.BytesIO（可写字节串）---> getvalue() ---> bytes
# str（只读字符串） ----> io.StringIO（可写字符串）---> getvalue() ---> str
browser_image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
# 从截图上剪裁出验证码的图片
x, y = x1 + x2 + x3, y1 + y2 + y3
# Windows系统的写法 ---> 如果截图有问题就把坐标写死
# print(x, y, width, height)
checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x * 1.25, y * 1.25, (x + width) * 1.25, (y + height) * 1.25))
# macOS系统的写法
# checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x * 2, y * 2, (x + width) * 2, (y + height) * 2))
checkcode_image.save('result.png')
# 通过easyocr做光学文字识别
reader = easyocr.Reader(['en'], gpu=False)
code = reader.readtext('result.png', detail=0)[0]
# 将识别出的验证码输入文本框
checkcode_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode')
checkcode_input.send_keys(code)
login_button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_submit_btn')
# 模拟用户点击
login_button.click()

"""
Pillow库 ---> PIL ---> Python Image Library
"""
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter

# 加载图像
guido_image = Image.open('guido.jpg')
# 剪裁
guido_image.crop((80, 40, 310, 350)).show()
# 滤镜
guido_image.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR).show()
# 缩略图
guido_image.thumbnail((125, 185))
# 显示图像
guido_image.show()

from hashlib import md5

import requests


class ChaojiyingClient:

    def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
        self.username = username
        password = password.encode('utf8')
        self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
        self.soft_id = soft_id
        self.base_params = {
            'user': self.username,
            'pass2': self.password,
            'softid': self.soft_id,
        }
        self.headers = {
            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }

    def post_pic(self, image_data, code_type):
        """
        image_data: 图片字节
        code_type: 验证码类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
        """
        params = {
            'codetype': code_type,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', image_data)}
        response = requests.post(
            url='http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php',
            data=params,
            files=files,
            headers=self.headers
        )
        return response.json()

    # 超级鹰错误反馈函数（仅用于给超级鹰平台反馈）
    def report_error(self, im_id):
        """
        im_id:报错题目的图片ID
        """
        params = {
            'id': im_id,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    chaojiying = ChaojiyingClient('账户', '密码x', 'ID')  # 用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001
    with open('img.png', 'rb') as file:
        image_data = file.read()  # 本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//
        print(chaojiying.post_pic(image_data, 1902))  # 1902 验证码类型  官方网站>>价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()

import io

import easyocr

from PIL import Image
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

from chaojiying import ChaojiyingClient

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.set_window_size(1280, 960)
browser.get('http://mail.1000phone.com/')
# 隐式等待（下面的方法在工作时如果取不到就等10秒）
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
# 显式等待
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
wait.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.login_panel_iframe')))
iframe1 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.login_panel_iframe')
# 记录iframe1的位置（相对位置）
x1, y1 = iframe1.location['x'], iframe1.location['y']
# Chrome对象的switch_to属性的frame方法，可以从页面切换到iframe中
browser.switch_to.frame(iframe1)
iframe2 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#ding-login-iframe')
x2, y2 = iframe2.location['x'], iframe2.location['y']
browser.switch_to.frame(iframe2)
username_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#username')
# 模拟用户输入
username_input.send_keys('xxxx.com')
password_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#password')
password_input.send_keys('xxxx!!')
# 创建一个等待对象
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
wait.until(expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#login_checkcode_ico')))
captcha_img = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode_ico')
# WebElement对象的size属性代表元素宽度和高度，location属性代表元素在窗口中的位置
size, location = captcha_img.size, captcha_img.location
x3, y3, width, height = location['x'], location['y'], size['width'], size['height']
# 截取整个浏览器窗口的图片获得图片的二进制数据
image_data = browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
# bytes（只读字节串） ----> io.BytesIO（可写字节串）---> getvalue() ---> bytes
# str（只读字符串） ----> io.StringIO（可写字符串）---> getvalue() ---> str
browser_image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
# 从截图上剪裁出验证码的图片
x, y = x1 + x2 + x3, y1 + y2 + y3
# Windows系统的写法 ---> 如果截图有问题就把坐标写死
# print(x, y, width, height)
checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x * 1.25, y * 1.25, (x + width) * 1.25, (y + height) * 1.25))
# macOS系统的写法
# checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x * 2, y * 2, (x + width) * 2, (y + height) * 2))
checkcode_image.save('result.png')
# 通过超级鹰打码平台打码
chaojiying = ChaojiyingClient('账户', '密码', 'ID')
with open('result.png', 'rb') as file:
    image_data = file.read()
    result_dict = chaojiying.post_pic(image_data, 1902)
# 将识别出的验证码输入文本框
checkcode_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode')
checkcode_input.send_keys(result_dict['pic_str'])
login_button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_submit_btn')
# 模拟用户点击
login_button.click()

import re

import bs4
import requests

pattern = re.compile(r'\d{4,6}')

resp = requests.get('https://www.yinsiduanxin.com/china-phone-number/verification-code-16521686439.html')
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(resp.text, 'html.parser')
# print(resp.text)
td = soup.select_one('body > div.container > div:nth-child(4) > div:nth-child(3) > div.main > div.layui-row > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(1) > td:nth-child(2)')
results = pattern.findall(td.text)
print(results[0])