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Android实现加载状态视图切换效果

作者:杨充

这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了Android实现加载状态视图切换效果的相关资料,文中示例代码介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下

关于Android加载状态视图切换,具体内容如下

1.关于Android界面切换状态的介绍

怎样切换界面状态?有些界面想定制自定义状态?状态如何添加点击事件?下面就为解决这些问题!
内容界面
加载数据中
加载数据错误
加载后没有数据
没有网络

2.思路转变,抽取分离类管理几种状态

以前做法:

直接把这些界面include到main界面中,然后动态去切换界面,后来发现这样处理不容易复用到其他项目中,而且在activity中处理这些状态的显示和隐藏比较乱
利用子类继承父类特性,在父类中写切换状态,但有些界面如果没有继承父类,又该如何处理

现在做法:

让View状态的切换和Activity彻底分离开,必须把这些状态View都封装到一个管理类中,然后暴露出几个方法来实现View之间的切换。
在不同的项目中可以需要的View也不一样,所以考虑把管理类设计成builder模式来自由的添加需要的状态View

3.关于该状态切换工具优点分析

可以自由切换内容,空数据,异常错误,加载,网络错误等5种状态
父类BaseActivity直接暴露5中状态,方便子类统一管理状态切换

/**
* ================================================
* 作 者:杨充
* 版 本:1.0
* 创建日期:2017/7/6
* 描 述:抽取类
* 修订历史:
* ================================================
*/
public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

 protected StatusLayoutManager statusLayoutManager;

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_base_view);
  initStatusLayout();
  initBaseView();
  initToolBar();
  initView();
 }

 protected abstract void initStatusLayout();

 protected abstract void initView();

 /**
 * 获取到布局
 */
 private void initBaseView() {
  LinearLayout ll_main = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_main);
  ll_main.addView(statusLayoutManager.getRootLayout());
 }

 //正常展示数据状态
 protected void showContent() {
  statusLayoutManager.showContent();
 }

 //加载数据为空时状态
 protected void showEmptyData() {
  statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData();
 }

 //加载数据错误时状态
 protected void showError() {
  statusLayoutManager.showError();
 }

 //网络错误时状态
 protected void showNetWorkError() {
  statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError();
 }

 //正在加载中状态
 protected void showLoading() {
  statusLayoutManager.showLoading();
 }
}

当状态是加载数据失败时,点击可以刷新数据;当状态是无网络时,点击可以设置网络

/**
* 点击重新刷新
*/
private void initErrorDataView() {
 statusLayoutManager.showError();
 LinearLayout ll_error_data = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_error_data);
 ll_error_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View view) {
   initData();
   adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
   showContent();
  }
 });
}

/**
* 点击设置网络
*/
private void initSettingNetwork() {
 statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError();
 LinearLayout ll_set_network = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_set_network);
 ll_set_network.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View view) {
   Intent intent = new Intent("android.settings.WIRELESS_SETTINGS");
   startActivity(intent);
  }
 });
}

倘若有些页面想定制状态布局,也可以自由实现,很简单:

/**
* 自定义加载数据为空时的状态布局
*/
private void initEmptyDataView() {
 statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData();
 //此处是自己定义的状态布局
 **statusLayoutManager.showLayoutEmptyData(R.layout.activity_emptydata);**
 LinearLayout ll_empty_data = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_empty_data);
 ll_empty_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View view) {
   initData();
   adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
   showContent();
  }
 });
}

4.如何实现的步骤

1).先看看状态管理器类【builder建造者模式】

loadingLayoutResId和contentLayoutResId代表等待加载和显示内容的xml文件
几种异常状态要用ViewStub,因为在界面状态切换中loading和内容View都是一直需要加载显示的,但是其他的3个只有在没数据或者网络异常的情况下才会加载显示,所以用ViewStub来加载他们可以提高性能。

public class StateLayoutManager {

 final Context context;
 final ViewStub netWorkErrorVs;
 final int netWorkErrorRetryViewId;
 final ViewStub emptyDataVs;
 final int emptyDataRetryViewId;
 final ViewStub errorVs;
 final int errorRetryViewId;
 final int loadingLayoutResId;
 final int contentLayoutResId;
 final int retryViewId;
 final int emptyDataIconImageId;
 final int emptyDataTextTipId;
 final int errorIconImageId;
 final int errorTextTipId;
 final VLayout errorLayout;
 final VLayout emptyDataLayout;

 final RootFrameLayout rootFrameLayout;
 final OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener;
 final OnRetryListener onRetryListener;

 public StateLayoutManager(Builder builder) {
  this.context = builder.context;
  this.loadingLayoutResId = builder.loadingLayoutResId;
  this.netWorkErrorVs = builder.netWorkErrorVs;
  this.netWorkErrorRetryViewId = builder.netWorkErrorRetryViewId;
  this.emptyDataVs = builder.emptyDataVs;
  this.emptyDataRetryViewId = builder.emptyDataRetryViewId;
  this.errorVs = builder.errorVs;
  this.errorRetryViewId = builder.errorRetryViewId;
  this.contentLayoutResId = builder.contentLayoutResId;
  this.onShowHideViewListener = builder.onShowHideViewListener;
  this.retryViewId = builder.retryViewId;
  this.onRetryListener = builder.onRetryListener;
  this.emptyDataIconImageId = builder.emptyDataIconImageId;
  this.emptyDataTextTipId = builder.emptyDataTextTipId;
  this.errorIconImageId = builder.errorIconImageId;
  this.errorTextTipId = builder.errorTextTipId;
  this.errorLayout = builder.errorLayout;
  this.emptyDataLayout = builder.emptyDataLayout;

  rootFrameLayout = new RootFrameLayout(this.context);
  ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
  rootFrameLayout.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);

  rootFrameLayout.setStatusLayoutManager(this);
 }

 /**
 * 显示loading
 */
 public void showLoading() {
  rootFrameLayout.showLoading();
 }

 /**
 * 显示内容
 */
 public void showContent() {
  rootFrameLayout.showContent();
 }

 /**
 * 显示空数据
 */
 public void showEmptyData(int iconImage, String textTip) {
  rootFrameLayout.showEmptyData(iconImage, textTip);
 }

 /**
 * 显示空数据
 */
 public void showEmptyData() {
  showEmptyData(0, "");
 }

 /**
 * 显示空数据
 */
 public void showLayoutEmptyData(Object... objects) {
  rootFrameLayout.showLayoutEmptyData(objects);
 }

 /**
 * 显示网络异常
 */
 public void showNetWorkError() {
  rootFrameLayout.showNetWorkError();
 }

 /**
 * 显示异常
 */
 public void showError(int iconImage, String textTip) {
  rootFrameLayout.showError(iconImage, textTip);
 }

 /**
 * 显示异常
 */
 public void showError() {
  showError(0, "");
 }

 public void showLayoutError(Object... objects) {
  rootFrameLayout.showLayoutError(objects);
 }

 /**
 * 得到root 布局
 */
 public View getRootLayout() {
  return rootFrameLayout;
 }

 public static final class Builder {

  private Context context;
  private int loadingLayoutResId;
  private int contentLayoutResId;
  private ViewStub netWorkErrorVs;
  private int netWorkErrorRetryViewId;
  private ViewStub emptyDataVs;
  private int emptyDataRetryViewId;
  private ViewStub errorVs;
  private int errorRetryViewId;
  private int retryViewId;
  private int emptyDataIconImageId;
  private int emptyDataTextTipId;
  private int errorIconImageId;
  private int errorTextTipId;
  private VLayout errorLayout;
  private VLayout emptyDataLayout;
  private OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener;
  private OnRetryListener onRetryListener;

  public Builder(Context context) {
   this.context = context;
  }

  /**
  * 自定义加载布局
  */
  public Builder loadingView(@LayoutRes int loadingLayoutResId) {
   this.loadingLayoutResId = loadingLayoutResId;
   return this;
  }

  /**
  * 自定义网络错误布局
  */
  public Builder netWorkErrorView(@LayoutRes int newWorkErrorId) {
   netWorkErrorVs = new ViewStub(context);
   netWorkErrorVs.setLayoutResource(newWorkErrorId);
   return this;
  }

  /**
  * 自定义加载空数据布局
  */
  public Builder emptyDataView(@LayoutRes int noDataViewId) {
   emptyDataVs = new ViewStub(context);
   emptyDataVs.setLayoutResource(noDataViewId);
   return this;
  }

  /**
  * 自定义加载错误布局
  */
  public Builder errorView(@LayoutRes int errorViewId) {
   errorVs = new ViewStub(context);
   errorVs.setLayoutResource(errorViewId);
   return this;
  }

  /**
  * 自定义加载内容正常布局
  */
  public Builder contentView(@LayoutRes int contentLayoutResId) {
   this.contentLayoutResId = contentLayoutResId;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder errorLayout(VLayout errorLayout) {
   this.errorLayout = errorLayout;
   this.errorVs = errorLayout.getLayoutVs();
   return this;
  }

  public Builder emptyDataLayout(VLayout emptyDataLayout) {
   this.emptyDataLayout = emptyDataLayout;
   this.emptyDataVs = emptyDataLayout.getLayoutVs();
   return this;
  }

  public Builder netWorkErrorRetryViewId(int netWorkErrorRetryViewId) {
   this.netWorkErrorRetryViewId = netWorkErrorRetryViewId;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder emptyDataRetryViewId(int emptyDataRetryViewId) {
   this.emptyDataRetryViewId = emptyDataRetryViewId;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder errorRetryViewId(int errorRetryViewId) {
   this.errorRetryViewId = errorRetryViewId;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder retryViewId(int retryViewId) {
   this.retryViewId = retryViewId;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder emptyDataIconImageId(int emptyDataIconImageId) {
   this.emptyDataIconImageId = emptyDataIconImageId;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder emptyDataTextTipId(int emptyDataTextTipId) {
   this.emptyDataTextTipId = emptyDataTextTipId;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder errorIconImageId(int errorIconImageId) {
   this.errorIconImageId = errorIconImageId;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder errorTextTipId(int errorTextTipId) {
   this.errorTextTipId = errorTextTipId;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder onShowHideViewListener(OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener) {
   this.onShowHideViewListener = onShowHideViewListener;
   return this;
  }

  public Builder onRetryListener(OnRetryListener onRetryListener) {
   this.onRetryListener = onRetryListener;
   return this;
  }

  public StateLayoutManager build() {
   return new StateLayoutManager(this);
  }
 }

 public static Builder newBuilder(Context context) {
  return new Builder(context);
 }
}

2).大约5种状态,如何管理这些状态?添加到集合中,Android中选用SparseArray比HashMap更省内存,在某些条件下性能更好,主要是因为它避免了对key的自动装箱(int转为Integer类型),它内部则是通过两个数组来进行数据存储的,一个存储key,另外一个存储value,为了优化性能,它内部对数据还采取了压缩的方式来表示稀疏数组的数据,从而节约内存空间

/**存放布局集合 */
private SparseArray<View> layoutSparseArray = new SparseArray();
/**将布局添加到集合 */
……
private void addLayoutResId(@LayoutRes int layoutResId, int id) {
 View resView = LayoutInflater.from(mStatusLayoutManager.context).inflate(layoutResId, null);
 **layoutSparseArray.put(id, resView);**
 addView(resView);
}

3).当显示某个布局时,调用的方法如下

方法里面通过id判断来执行不同的代码,首先判断ViewStub是否为空,如果为空就代表没有添加这个View就返回false,不为空就加载View并且添加到集合当中,然后调用showHideViewById方法显示隐藏View,retryLoad方法是给重试按钮添加事件

/**
* 显示loading
*/
public void showLoading() {
 if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID) != null)
  **showHideViewById**(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID);
}

/**
* 显示内容
*/
public void showContent() {
 if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID) != null)
  **showHideViewById**(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID);
}

/**
* 显示空数据
*/
public void showEmptyData(int iconImage, String textTip) {
 if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID)) {
  showHideViewById(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID);
  emptyDataViewAddData(iconImage, textTip);
 }
}

/**
* 显示网络异常
*/
public void showNetWorkError() {
 if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID))
  showHideViewById(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID);
}

/**
* 显示异常
*/
public void showError(int iconImage, String textTip) {
 if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID)) {
  showHideViewById(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID);
  errorViewAddData(iconImage, textTip);
 }
}

//调用inflateLayout方法,方法返回true然后调用showHideViewById方法
private boolean inflateLayout(int id) {
 boolean isShow = true;
 if (layoutSparseArray.get(id) != null) return isShow;
 switch (id) {
  case LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID:
   if (mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs != null) {
    View view = mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs.inflate();
    retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorRetryViewId);
    layoutSparseArray.put(id, view);
    isShow = true;
   } else {
    isShow = false;
   }
   break;
  case LAYOUT_ERROR_ID:
   if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs != null) {
    View view = mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs.inflate();
    if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout.setView(view);
    retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.errorRetryViewId);
    layoutSparseArray.put(id, view);
    isShow = true;
   } else {
    isShow = false;
   }
   break;
  case LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID:
   if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs != null) {
    View view = mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs.inflate();
    if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout.setView(view);
    retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataRetryViewId);
    layoutSparseArray.put(id, view);
    isShow = true;
   } else {
    isShow = false;
   }
   break;
 }
 return isShow;
}

4).然后在根据id隐藏布局

通过id找到需要显示的View并且显示它,隐藏其他View,如果显示隐藏监听事件不为空,就分别调用它的显示和隐藏方法

/**
* 根据ID显示隐藏布局
* @param id
*/
private void showHideViewById(int id) {
 for (int i = 0; i < layoutSparseArray.size(); i++) {
  int key = layoutSparseArray.keyAt(i);
  View valueView = layoutSparseArray.valueAt(i);
  //显示该view
  if(key == id) {
   valueView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
   if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener.onShowView(valueView, key);
  } else {
   if(valueView.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {
    valueView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener.onHideView(valueView, key);
   }
  }
 }
}

5).最后看看重新加载方法

/**
* 重试加载
*/
private void retryLoad(View view, int id) {
 View retryView = view.findViewById(mStatusLayoutManager.retryViewId != 0 ? mStatusLayoutManager.retryViewId : id);
 if (retryView == null || mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener == null) return;
 retryView.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
   mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener.onRetry();
  }
 });
}

5.使用方法介绍

1).直接在Activity中添加代码

@Override
protected void initStatusLayout() {
 statusLayoutManager = StateLayoutManager.newBuilder(this)
   .contentView(R.layout.activity_content_data)
   .emptyDataView(R.layout.activity_empty_data)
   .errorView(R.layout.activity_error_data)
   .loadingView(R.layout.activity_loading_data)
   .netWorkErrorView(R.layout.activity_networkerror)
   .onRetryListener(new OnRetryListener() {
    @Override
    public void onRetry() {
     //为重试加载按钮的监听事件
    }
   })
   .onShowHideViewListener(new OnShowHideViewListener() {
    @Override
    public void onShowView(View view, int id) {
     //为状态View显示监听事件
    }

    @Override
    public void onHideView(View view, int id) {
     //为状态View隐藏监听事件
    }
   })
   .build();
}


2).在父类中重写以下几个方法,子类直接继承就行

//正常展示数据状态
protected void showContent() {
 statusLayoutManager.showContent();
}

//加载数据为空时状态
protected void showEmptyData() {
 statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData();
}

//加载数据错误时状态
protected void showError() {
 statusLayoutManager.showError();
}

//网络错误时状态
protected void showNetWorkError() {
 statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError();
}

//正在加载中状态
protected void showLoading() {
 statusLayoutManager.showLoading();
}

3).更加详细的介绍,可以直接参考Demo
https://github.com/yangchong211/YCStateLayout

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

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