Android ListView用EditText实现搜索功能效果
作者:tonycheng93
前言
最近在开发一个IM项目的时候有一个需求就是,好友搜索功能。即在EditText中输入好友名字,ListView列表中动态展示刷选的好友列表。我把这个功能抽取出来了,先贴一下效果图:
分析
在查阅资料以后,发现其实Android中已经帮我们实现了这个功能,如果你的ListView使用的是系统的ArrayAdapter,那么恭喜你,下面的事情就很简单了,你只需要调用下面的代码就可以实现了:
searchEdittext.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() { @Override public void onTextChanged(CharSequence cs, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { // When user change the text mAdapter.getFilter().filter(cs); } @Override public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence cs, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { // } @Override public void afterTextChanged(Editable arg0) { // } });
你没看错,就一行 mAdapter.getFilter().filter(cs);便可以实现这个搜索功能。不过我相信大多数Adapter都是自定义的,基于这个需求,我去分析了下ArrayAdapter,发现它实现了Filterable接口,那么接下来的事情就比较简单了,就让我们自定的Adapter也去实现Filterable这个接口,不久可以实现这个需求了吗。下面贴出ArrayAdapter中显示过滤功能的关键代码:
public class ArrayAdapter<T> extends BaseAdapter implements Filterable { /** * Contains the list of objects that represent the data of this ArrayAdapter. * The content of this list is referred to as "the array" in the documentation. */ private List<T> mObjects; /** * Lock used to modify the content of {@link #mObjects}. Any write operation * performed on the array should be synchronized on this lock. This lock is also * used by the filter (see {@link #getFilter()} to make a synchronized copy of * the original array of data. */ private final Object mLock = new Object(); // A copy of the original mObjects array, initialized from and then used instead as soon as // the mFilter ArrayFilter is used. mObjects will then only contain the filtered values. private ArrayList<T> mOriginalValues; private ArrayFilter mFilter; ... public Filter getFilter() { if (mFilter == null) { mFilter = new ArrayFilter(); } return mFilter; } /** * <p>An array filter constrains the content of the array adapter with * a prefix. Each item that does not start with the supplied prefix * is removed from the list.</p> */ private class ArrayFilter extends Filter { @Override protected FilterResults performFiltering(CharSequence prefix) { FilterResults results = new FilterResults(); if (mOriginalValues == null) { synchronized (mLock) { mOriginalValues = new ArrayList<T>(mObjects); } } if (prefix == null || prefix.length() == 0) { ArrayList<T> list; synchronized (mLock) { list = new ArrayList<T>(mOriginalValues); } results.values = list; results.count = list.size(); } else { String prefixString = prefix.toString().toLowerCase(); ArrayList<T> values; synchronized (mLock) { values = new ArrayList<T>(mOriginalValues); } final int count = values.size(); final ArrayList<T> newValues = new ArrayList<T>(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { final T value = values.get(i); final String valueText = value.toString().toLowerCase(); // First match against the whole, non-splitted value if (valueText.startsWith(prefixString)) { newValues.add(value); } else { final String[] words = valueText.split(" "); final int wordCount = words.length; // Start at index 0, in case valueText starts with space(s) for (int k = 0; k < wordCount; k++) { if (words[k].startsWith(prefixString)) { newValues.add(value); break; } } } } results.values = newValues; results.count = newValues.size(); } return results; } @Override protected void publishResults(CharSequence constraint, FilterResults results) { //noinspection unchecked mObjects = (List<T>) results.values; if (results.count > 0) { notifyDataSetChanged(); } else { notifyDataSetInvalidated(); } } } }
实现
首先写了一个Model(User)模拟数据
public class User { private int avatarResId; private String name; public User(int avatarResId, String name) { this.avatarResId = avatarResId; this.name = name; } public int getAvatarResId() { return avatarResId; } public void setAvatarResId(int avatarResId) { this.avatarResId = avatarResId; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
自定义一个Adapter(UserAdapter)继承自BaseAdapter,实现了Filterable接口,Adapter一些常见的处理,我都去掉了,这里主要讲讲Filterable这个接口。
/** * Contains the list of objects that represent the data of this Adapter. * Adapter数据源 */ private List<User> mDatas; //过滤相关 /** * This lock is also used by the filter * (see {@link #getFilter()} to make a synchronized copy of * the original array of data. * 过滤器上的锁可以同步复制原始数据。 * */ private final Object mLock = new Object(); // A copy of the original mObjects array, initialized from and then used instead as soon as // the mFilter ArrayFilter is used. mObjects will then only contain the filtered values. //对象数组的备份,当调用ArrayFilter的时候初始化和使用。此时,对象数组只包含已经过滤的数据。 private ArrayList<User> mOriginalValues; private ArrayFilter mFilter; @Override public Filter getFilter() { if (mFilter == null) { mFilter = new ArrayFilter(); } return mFilter; }
写一个ArrayFilter类继承自Filter类,我们需要两个方法:
//执行过滤的方法 protected FilterResults performFiltering(CharSequence prefix);
//得到过滤结果 protected void publishResults(CharSequence prefix, FilterResults results);
贴上完整的代码,注释已经写的不能再详细了
/** * 过滤数据的类 */ /** * <p>An array filter constrains the content of the array adapter with * a prefix. Each item that does not start with the supplied prefix * is removed from the list.</p> * <p/> * 一个带有首字母约束的数组过滤器,每一项不是以该首字母开头的都会被移除该list。 */ private class ArrayFilter extends Filter { //执行刷选 @Override protected FilterResults performFiltering(CharSequence prefix) { FilterResults results = new FilterResults();//过滤的结果 //原始数据备份为空时,上锁,同步复制原始数据 if (mOriginalValues == null) { synchronized (mLock) { mOriginalValues = new ArrayList<>(mDatas); } } //当首字母为空时 if (prefix == null || prefix.length() == 0) { ArrayList<User> list; synchronized (mLock) {//同步复制一个原始备份数据 list = new ArrayList<>(mOriginalValues); } results.values = list; results.count = list.size();//此时返回的results就是原始的数据,不进行过滤 } else { String prefixString = prefix.toString().toLowerCase();//转化为小写 ArrayList<User> values; synchronized (mLock) {//同步复制一个原始备份数据 values = new ArrayList<>(mOriginalValues); } final int count = values.size(); final ArrayList<User> newValues = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { final User value = values.get(i);//从List<User>中拿到User对象 // final String valueText = value.toString().toLowerCase(); final String valueText = value.getName().toString().toLowerCase();//User对象的name属性作为过滤的参数 // First match against the whole, non-splitted value if (valueText.startsWith(prefixString) || valueText.indexOf(prefixString.toString()) != -1) {//第一个字符是否匹配 newValues.add(value);//将这个item加入到数组对象中 } else {//处理首字符是空格 final String[] words = valueText.split(" "); final int wordCount = words.length; // Start at index 0, in case valueText starts with space(s) for (int k = 0; k < wordCount; k++) { if (words[k].startsWith(prefixString)) {//一旦找到匹配的就break,跳出for循环 newValues.add(value); break; } } } } results.values = newValues;//此时的results就是过滤后的List<User>数组 results.count = newValues.size(); } return results; } //刷选结果 @Override protected void publishResults(CharSequence prefix, FilterResults results) { //noinspection unchecked mDatas = (List<User>) results.values;//此时,Adapter数据源就是过滤后的Results if (results.count > 0) { notifyDataSetChanged();//这个相当于从mDatas中删除了一些数据,只是数据的变化,故使用notifyDataSetChanged() } else { /** * 数据容器变化 ----> notifyDataSetInValidated 容器中的数据变化 ----> notifyDataSetChanged */ notifyDataSetInvalidated();//当results.count<=0时,此时数据源就是重新new出来的,说明原始的数据源已经失效了 } } }
特别说明
//User对象的name属性作为过滤的参数 final String valueText = value.getName().toString().toLowerCase();
这个地方是,你要进行搜索的关键字,比如我这里使用的是User对象的Name属性,就是把用户名当作关键字来进行过滤筛选的。这里要根据你自己的具体逻辑来进行设置。
if (valueText.startsWith(prefixString) || valueText.indexOf(prefixString.toString()) != -1)
在这里进行关键字匹配,如果你只想使用第一个字符匹配,那么你只需要使用这行代码就可以了:
//首字符匹配 valueText.startsWith(prefixString)
如果你的需求是只要输入的字符出现在ListView列表中,那么该item就要显示出来,那么你就需要这行代码了:
//你输入的关键字包含在了某个item中,位置不做考虑,即可以不是第一个字符 valueText.indexOf(prefixString.toString()) != -1
这样就完成了一个EditText + ListView实现搜索的功能。我在demo中用两种方法实现了这一效果。第一种是系统的ArrayAdapter实现,第二种是自定义Adapter实现。
demo下载地址:EditSearch_jb51.rar
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。