首页 > 网站技巧 > 服务器 > 云和虚拟化 > docker > Docker Swarm 部署

Docker Swarm 部署SpringBoot微服务方案

2026-08-02 10:25:07 作者：都叫我大帅哥

本文详细介绍使用Docker Swarm和Docker Compose部署SpringBoot微服务,涵盖MySQL、PostgreSQL、Redis等数据库配置,以及Nacos配置中心集成,通过完整的配置文件示例和部署步骤,帮助您快速实现服务编排、数据持久化和水平扩展,轻松管理微服务架构

目录结构准备

mkdir -p swarm-deploy
cd swarm-deploy
mkdir -p {mysql,postgres,redis,hugegraph,nacos,app}/{data,logs,conf}

docker-compose.yml

version: '3.8'
services:
  # MySQL 服务
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpassword
      MYSQL_DATABASE: nacos
      MYSQL_USER: nacos
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: nacospassword
    volumes:
      - ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
      - ./mysql/logs:/var/log/mysql
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
  # PostgreSQL 服务
  postgres:
    image: postgres:15
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: hugegraph
      POSTGRES_USER: hugegraph
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: hugegraphpassword
    volumes:
      - ./postgres/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - ./postgres/conf:/etc/postgresql
      - ./postgres/logs:/var/log/postgresql
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
  # Redis 服务
  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes --requirepass redispassword
    volumes:
      - ./redis/data:/data
      - ./redis/conf:/usr/local/etc/redis
      - ./redis/logs:/var/log/redis
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
  # Nacos 服务（单机模式）
  nacos:
    image: nacos/nacos-server:latest
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
    environment:
      MODE: standalone
      SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM: mysql
      MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST: mysql
      MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME: nacos
      MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT: 3306
      MYSQL_SERVICE_USER: nacos
      MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD: nacospassword
      NACOS_AUTH_ENABLE: "true"
      NACOS_AUTH_TOKEN: "SecretKey012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
    volumes:
      - ./nacos/logs:/home/nacos/logs
      - ./nacos/conf:/home/nacos/conf
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "8848:8848"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
  # HugeGraph 服务
  hugegraph:
    image: hugegraph/hugegraph:latest
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
    environment:
      GREMLIN_SERVER_PORT: 8182
      BACKEND: postgresql
      POSTGRESQL_HOST: postgres
      POSTGRESQL_PORT: 5432
      POSTGRESQL_USERNAME: hugegraph
      POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD: hugegraphpassword
      POSTGRESQL_DATABASE: hugegraph
    volumes:
      - ./hugegraph/logs:/opt/hugegraph/logs
      - ./hugegraph/conf:/opt/hugegraph/conf
      - ./hugegraph/data:/opt/hugegraph/data
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "8182:8182"
      - "8080:8080"
    depends_on:
      - postgres
  # Spring Boot 应用
  springboot-app:
    image: your-springboot-app:latest
    deploy:
      replicas: 3  # 根据需求调整副本数
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
      update_config:
        parallelism: 1
        delay: 10s
    environment:
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: prod
      SPRING_CLOUD_NACOS_DISCOVERY_SERVER_ADDR: nacos:8848
      SPRING_CLOUD_NACOS_CONFIG_SERVER_ADDR: nacos:8848
      SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL: jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/your_database?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
      SPRING_DATASOURCE_USERNAME: root
      SPRING_DATASOURCE_PASSWORD: rootpassword
      SPRING_REDIS_HOST: redis
      SPRING_REDIS_PASSWORD: redispassword
      SPRING_REDIS_PORT: 6379
    volumes:
      - ./app/logs:/app/logs
    networks:
      - app-network
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - redis
      - nacos
      - hugegraph
networks:
  app-network:
    driver: overlay
    attachable: true

配置文件示例

1. MySQL 配置文件 (mysql/conf/my.cnf)

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
max_connections=1000
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

2. PostgreSQL 配置文件 (postgres/conf/postgresql.conf)

listen_addresses = '*'
max_connections = 100
shared_buffers = 256MB
logging_collector = on
log_directory = '/var/log/postgresql'

3. Redis 配置文件 (redis/conf/redis.conf)

bind 0.0.0.0
port 6379
requirepass redispassword
appendonly yes
appendfsync everysec
maxmemory 2gb
maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru

4. Nacos 配置 (可选配置nacos/conf/application.properties)

server.servlet.contextPath=/nacos
server.port=8848
spring.datasource.platform=mysql
db.num=1
db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/nacos?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true
db.user=nacos
db.password=nacospassword

5. Spring Boot 应用的 Dockerfile

FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
# 复制应用jar包
COPY target/your-app.jar app.jar
# 创建日志目录
RUN mkdir -p /app/logs
# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8080
# 启动应用
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar", \
            "--spring.profiles.active=prod", \
            "--logging.file.path=/app/logs", \
            "--logging.file.name=/app/logs/application.log"]

部署步骤

1. 初始化 Swarm（如果尚未初始化）

# 在主节点上初始化 Swarm
docker swarm init

# 在工作节点上加入 Swarm
docker swarm join --token <token> <manager-ip>:2377

2. 创建网络和卷（如果需要独立的数据卷）

# 创建 overlay 网络
docker network create -d overlay app-network

# 创建数据卷（可选，如果使用本地目录映射则不需要）
docker volume create mysql-data
docker volume create postgres-data
docker volume create redis-data

3. 构建和推送 Spring Boot 应用镜像

# 构建应用镜像
docker build -t your-springboot-app:latest .

# 推送到 Docker Registry（如果是多节点部署）
docker tag your-springboot-app:latest your-registry/your-springboot-app:latest
docker push your-registry/your-springboot-app:latest

4. 部署应用栈

# 部署整个应用栈
docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml app-stack

# 查看服务状态
docker stack services app-stack

# 查看所有容器状态
docker stack ps app-stack

# 查看日志
docker service logs app-stack_springboot-app

5. 常用管理命令

# 扩展应用实例
docker service scale app-stack_springboot-app=5

# 更新应用
docker service update --image your-springboot-app:new-version app-stack_springboot-app

# 回滚到之前的版本
docker service update --rollback app-stack_springboot-app

# 停止整个应用栈
docker stack rm app-stack

# 查看网络
docker network ls

# 查看服务详情
docker service inspect app-stack_springboot-app

环境变量配置建议

创建一个 .env 文件来管理敏感信息：

# .env 文件
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=your_secure_password
NACOS_AUTH_TOKEN=your_secret_token
REDIS_PASSWORD=your_redis_password
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=your_postgres_password

然后在 docker-compose.yml 中引用：

environment:
  MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}

部署时使用：

docker stack deploy --compose-file docker-compose.yml app-stack

监控和日志收集

建议添加监控服务：

  # Prometheus 监控
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - prometheus-data:/prometheus
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"

  # Grafana 可视化
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    volumes:
      - grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"

  # ELK 日志收集（可选）
  elasticsearch:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.17.0
    environment:
      - discovery.type=single-node
    volumes:
      - elasticsearch-data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    networks:
      - app-network

这个配置方案提供了：

完整的数据持久化配置
服务间的网络通信
配置文件外部化管理
日志文件映射
服务依赖和启动顺序管理
水平扩展能力

根据你的具体需求调整资源配置、端口和版本号。

到此这篇关于Docker Swarm 部署方案使用小结的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Docker Swarm 部署内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！