ubuntu启用ssh全过程
作者：Jessie_waverider
文章介绍了在新安装的Ubuntu系统中,因默认国外源访问慢,需更换为国内如清华镜像源,并提供了源备份、配置更改及更新方法,此外,还讲解了SSH服务安装、配置和使用finalshell远程连接服务器的流程
镜像源更换
刚安装ubuntu系统时，发现很多命令都无法使用，查询之后，发现是ubuntu系统默认的官方源位于国外，用户访问延时高，因此一般要更换国内的镜像源。
清华源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
1.备份当前的源列表：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources.backup
2.查看当前操作系统版本:
lsb_release -a
3.编辑镜像源配置文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
4.替换为清华大学镜像源（DEB822 格式）,注释对应的noble noble-updates noble-backports段落
Types: deb URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports Components: main restricted universe multiverse Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
5.保存并退出编辑器
- 按
Ctrl + O保存文件 - 按
Ctrl + X退出nano编辑器
6.更新
sudo apt update
提供ssh连接信息
1.查看服务器的 IP 地址:172.30.114.33
ip addr show
jessie@jessie:~$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s31f6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 20:88:10:93:70:bf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.114.33/24 brd 172.30.114.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s31f6
valid_lft 2629sec preferred_lft 2629sec
inet6 2001:250:3c00:3840:13b9:8c0a:55d5:c228/64 scope global temporary dynamic
valid_lft 3348sec preferred_lft 3348sec
inet6 2001:250:3c00:3840:2288:10ff:fe93:70bf/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr
valid_lft 3348sec preferred_lft 3348sec
inet6 fe80::2288:10ff:fe93:70bf/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlp2s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 4c:82:a9:72:a1:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
jessie@jessie:~$
2.安装 OpenSSH 服务
sudo apt install openssh-server
3.检查 OpenSSH 服务状态
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl status ssh
○ ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; disabled; preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
TriggeredBy: ● ssh.socket
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
如果没有启动inactive (dead)
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl start ssh
然后查看
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl start ssh
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl status ssh
● ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; disabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2025-07-17 15:53:36 CST; 10s ago
TriggeredBy: ● ssh.socket
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Process: 31524 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 31525 (sshd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 18579)
Memory: 1.2M (peak: 1.7M)
CPU: 31ms
CGroup: /system.slice/ssh.service
└─31525 "sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd -D [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups"
7月 17 15:53:36 jessie systemd[1]: Starting ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server...
7月 17 15:53:36 jessie sshd[31525]: Server listening on :: port 22.
7月 17 15:53:36 jessie systemd[1]: Started ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server.
4.设置 OpenSSH 服务开机自启
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl enable ssh Synchronizing state of ssh.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable ssh Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service.
5.检查防火墙设置（如有）
sudo ufw allow ssh sudo ufw status
6.确认 SSH 配置文件
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config #Port 22 默认端口是 22
7.查看当前系统的用户名
whoami
8.下载finalshell连接
ssh jessie@172.30.114.33 port=22
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。