Linux

关注公众号 jb51net

关闭
首页 > 网站技巧 > 服务器 > Linux > Linux获取WiFi与热点状态

Linux下实时获取WiFi与热点状态的方法详解

作者:极地星光

在智能设备开发中,网络状态感知是基础而关键的功能,本文将手把手教你用Qt在Linux环境下实现热点和无线网络状态的检测,需要的朋友可以参考下

一、引言:为什么需要网络状态检测?

1.1 典型应用场景

在物联网和智能设备开发中,网络状态检测是基础而关键的功能。想象以下场景:

1.2 技术实现目标

实现以下核心功能:

功能描述技术指标
WiFi连接检测判断设备是否连接到无线网络响应时间<1s
WiFi名称获取获取当前连接的无线网络SSID支持特殊字符
热点状态检测判断设备是否处于热点模式准确率100%
热点名称获取获取设备热点的SSID多编码支持

1.3 技术原理概述

Linux系统通过NetworkManager服务管理网络连接,提供了丰富的命令行工具:

Qt的QProcess类可以无缝调用这些系统命令,并通过解析输出来获取网络状态信息。

二、核心思路:结合Qt与Linux命令

2.1 技术架构设计

2.2 关键命令分析

检测WiFi连接状态

# 返回当前连接的SSID(无连接则返回空)
iwgetid -r

# 示例输出:
# MyHomeWiFi

检测热点状态

# 查看活动连接中的热点
nmcli connection show --active | grep wifi | grep ap

# 查看hostapd进程
pgrep hostapd

获取热点名称

# 通过nmcli获取
nmcli device wifi show | grep SSID

# 通过hostapd配置获取
grep ssid= /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

2.3 性能考量

三、详细实现:

3.1 核心类实现

NetworkTool.h

#ifndef NETWORKTOOL_H
#define NETWORKTOOL_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QProcess>
#include <QTimer>

class NetworkTool : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit NetworkTool(QObject *parent = nullptr);
    
    // 基础检测功能
    Q_INVOKABLE bool isWifiConnected();
    Q_INVOKABLE QString wifiName();
    Q_INVOKABLE bool isHotspotActive();
    Q_INVOKABLE QString hotspotName();
    
    // 高级功能
    Q_INVOKABLE void startAutoRefresh(int interval = 3000);
    Q_INVOKABLE void stopAutoRefresh();
    
signals:
    void wifiStatusChanged(bool connected, const QString &name);
    void hotspotStatusChanged(bool active, const QString &name);
    
private slots:
    void refreshStatus();
    
private:
    QString executeCommand(const QString &cmd, const QStringList &args = {});
    QString parseWifiName(const QString &output);
    QString parseHotspotName(const QString &output);
    
    QTimer m_refreshTimer;
    bool m_lastWifiState = false;
    QString m_lastWifiName;
    bool m_lastHotspotState = false;
    QString m_lastHotspotName;
};

#endif // NETWORKTOOL_H

NetworkTool.cpp

#include "NetworkTool.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QFile>

NetworkTool::NetworkTool(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
    m_refreshTimer.setSingleShot(false);
    connect(&m_refreshTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &NetworkTool::refreshStatus);
}

bool NetworkTool::isWifiConnected()
{
    return !wifiName().isEmpty();
}

QString NetworkTool::wifiName()
{
    QString output = executeCommand("iwgetid", {"-r"});
    return parseWifiName(output);
}

bool NetworkTool::isHotspotActive()
{
    // 方法1:使用nmcli检测
    QString output = executeCommand("nmcli", {"connection", "show", "--active"});
    if (output.contains("wifi") && output.contains("ap")) {
        return true;
    }
    
    // 方法2:检测hostapd进程
    output = executeCommand("pgrep", {"hostapd"});
    return !output.isEmpty();
}

QString NetworkTool::hotspotName()
{
    // 尝试通过nmcli获取
    QString output = executeCommand("nmcli", {"device", "wifi", "show"});
    QString name = parseHotspotName(output);
    if (!name.isEmpty()) return name;
    
    // 回退到读取hostapd配置
    QFile config("/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf");
    if (config.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
        while (!config.atEnd()) {
            QByteArray line = config.readLine().trimmed();
            if (line.startsWith("ssid=")) {
                return QString::fromUtf8(line.mid(5));
            }
        }
    }
    
    return "Unknown";
}

void NetworkTool::startAutoRefresh(int interval)
{
    m_refreshTimer.start(interval);
}

void NetworkTool::stopAutoRefresh()
{
    m_refreshTimer.stop();
}

void NetworkTool::refreshStatus()
{
    // 获取当前状态
    bool wifiConnected = isWifiConnected();
    QString currentWifiName = wifiName();
    bool hotspotActive = isHotspotActive();
    QString currentHotspotName = hotspotName();
    
    // 检查状态变化
    if (wifiConnected != m_lastWifiState || currentWifiName != m_lastWifiName) {
        m_lastWifiState = wifiConnected;
        m_lastWifiName = currentWifiName;
        emit wifiStatusChanged(wifiConnected, currentWifiName);
    }
    
    if (hotspotActive != m_lastHotspotState || currentHotspotName != m_lastHotspotName) {
        m_lastHotspotState = hotspotActive;
        m_lastHotspotName = currentHotspotName;
        emit hotspotStatusChanged(hotspotActive, currentHotspotName);
    }
}

QString NetworkTool::executeCommand(const QString &cmd, const QStringList &args)
{
    QProcess process;
    process.start(cmd, args);
    if (!process.waitForFinished(1000)) {
        qWarning() << "Command timeout:" << cmd << args;
        return "";
    }
    return QString::fromUtf8(process.readAllStandardOutput()).trimmed();
}

QString NetworkTool::parseWifiName(const QString &output)
{
    // iwgetid -r 直接返回SSID或空
    return output;
}

QString NetworkTool::parseHotspotName(const QString &output)
{
    // 解析nmcli输出中的SSID
    QStringList lines = output.split('\n');
    for (const QString &line : lines) {
        if (line.trimmed().startsWith("SSID:")) {
            return line.mid(5).trimmed();
        }
    }
    return "";
}

3.2 UI集成示例

Qt Widgets版本

// MainWindow.h
#include <QMainWindow>
#include "NetworkTool.h"

namespace Ui { class MainWindow; }

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MainWindow();

private slots:
    void onWifiStatusChanged(bool connected, const QString &name);
    void onHotspotStatusChanged(bool active, const QString &name);

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    NetworkTool m_networkTool;
};

// MainWindow.cpp
#include "MainWindow.h"
#include "ui_MainWindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    
    // 连接信号
    connect(&m_networkTool, &NetworkTool::wifiStatusChanged,
            this, &MainWindow::onWifiStatusChanged);
    connect(&m_networkTool, &NetworkTool::hotspotStatusChanged,
            this, &MainWindow::onHotspotStatusChanged);
    
    // 启动自动刷新
    m_networkTool.startAutoRefresh();
    
    // 初始化状态
    onWifiStatusChanged(m_networkTool.isWifiConnected(), 
                       m_networkTool.wifiName());
    onHotspotStatusChanged(m_networkTool.isHotspotActive(),
                         m_networkTool.hotspotName());
}

void MainWindow::onWifiStatusChanged(bool connected, const QString &name)
{
    ui->wifiStatusLabel->setText(connected ? "已连接" : "未连接");
    ui->wifiNameLabel->setText(connected ? name : "N/A");
    ui->wifiIcon->setPixmap(QPixmap(connected ? ":/icons/wifi-on.png" 
                                             : ":/icons/wifi-off.png"));
}

void MainWindow::onHotspotStatusChanged(bool active, const QString &name)
{
    ui->hotspotStatusLabel->setText(active ? "已开启" : "未开启");
    ui->hotspotNameLabel->setText(active ? name : "N/A");
    ui->hotspotIcon->setPixmap(QPixmap(active ? ":/icons/hotspot-on.png"
                                            : ":/icons/hotspot-off.png"));
}

QML版本

// main.qml
import QtQuick 2.15
import QtQuick.Controls 2.15
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.15

ApplicationWindow {
    id: window
    width: 400
    height: 300
    visible: true
    title: "网络状态监测"
    
    NetworkTool {
        id: networkTool
        onWifiStatusChanged: {
            wifiStatusText.text = connected ? "已连接" : "未连接"
            wifiNameText.text = name || "N/A"
        }
        onHotspotStatusChanged: {
            hotspotStatusText.text = active ? "已开启" : "未开启"
            hotspotNameText.text = name || "N/A"
        }
        Component.onCompleted: startAutoRefresh()
    }
    
    ColumnLayout {
        anchors.fill: parent
        anchors.margins: 20
        spacing: 15
        
        GroupBox {
            title: "WiFi状态"
            Layout.fillWidth: true
            
            GridLayout {
                columns: 2
                width: parent.width
                
                Label { text: "状态:" }
                Label { id: wifiStatusText }
                
                Label { text: "名称:" }
                Label { id: wifiNameText }
            }
        }
        
        GroupBox {
            title: "热点状态"
            Layout.fillWidth: true
            
            GridLayout {
                columns: 2
                width: parent.width
                
                Label { text: "状态:" }
                Label { id: hotspotStatusText }
                
                Label { text: "名称:" }
                Label { id: hotspotNameText }
            }
        }
        
        Button {
            text: "手动刷新"
            Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignHCenter
            onClicked: networkTool.refreshStatus()
        }
    }
}

四、注意事项:避坑指南

4.1 权限问题解决

常见权限错误

解决方案

Polkit规则配置(推荐):

sudo nano /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/10-network-info.rules

添加内容:

polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
    if (action.id.indexOf("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.") == 0 &&
        subject.isInGroup("users")) {
        return polkit.Result.YES;
    }
});

用户组配置

sudo usermod -aG netdev,network $USER

sudo免密码(开发测试用):

echo "$USER ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/nmcli, /usr/bin/iwgetid" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/network

4.2 系统兼容性处理

不同发行版适配

发行版检测命令配置文件路径
Ubuntu/Debiannmcli/iwgetid/etc/NetworkManager/
CentOS/RHELnmcli/iw/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
Arch Linuxiw/wpa_cli/etc/netctl/

兼容性代码改进

QString NetworkTool::wifiName()
{
    // 尝试iwgetid
    QString output = executeCommand("iwgetid", {"-r"});
    if (!output.isEmpty()) return output;
    
    // 回退到iw命令
    output = executeCommand("iw", {"dev", "wlan0", "link"});
    QRegularExpression regex("SSID: (.+)");
    QRegularExpressionMatch match = regex.match(output);
    if (match.hasMatch()) {
        return match.captured(1);
    }
    
    return "";
}

4.3 性能优化进阶

优化策略

// 异步执行命令
void NetworkTool::executeCommandAsync(
    const QString &cmd,
    const QStringList &args,
    std::function<void(QString)> callback)
{
    QProcess *process = new QProcess(this);
    connect(process, QOverload<int, QProcess::ExitStatus>::of(&QProcess::finished),
        [=](int exitCode, QProcess::ExitStatus exitStatus){
            if (exitStatus == QProcess::NormalExit) {
                callback(QString::fromUtf8(process->readAllStandardOutput()));
            }
            process->deleteLater();
        });
    process->start(cmd, args);
}
void NetworkTool::refreshStatus()
{
    // 仅当界面可见时刷新
    if (!m_windowVisible) return;
    
    // 根据网络状态动态调整间隔
    if (m_lastWifiState) {
        m_refreshTimer.setInterval(5000); // 连接状态稳定时降低频率
    } else {
        m_refreshTimer.setInterval(1000); // 未连接时提高检测频率
    }
    // ...原有刷新逻辑...
}
struct NetworkCache {
    bool wifiConnected;
    QString wifiName;
    bool hotspotActive;
    QString hotspotName;
    QDateTime lastUpdated;
};

NetworkCache m_cache;

void NetworkTool::refreshCache()
{
    if (m_cache.lastUpdated.secsTo(QDateTime::currentDateTime()) < 2) {
        return; // 2秒内不重复更新
    }
    // ...更新缓存...
}

五、扩展

智能网络切换

void autoSwitchNetwork()
{
    if (!m_networkTool.isWifiConnected() && 
        !m_networkTool.isHotspotActive()) {
        // WiFi断开且热点未开启时,自动开启热点
        QProcess::startDetached("nmcli", {
            "device", "wifi", "hotspot", 
            "ssid", "RescueHotspot",
            "password", "12345678"
        });
    }
}

网络质量监测

int getWifiSignalStrength()
{
    QString output = executeCommand("iwconfig", {"wlan0"});
    QRegularExpression regex("Signal level=(-?\\d+) dBm");
    QRegularExpressionMatch match = regex.match(output);
    if (match.hasMatch()) {
        return match.captured(1).toInt();
    }
    return 0;
}

历史状态记录

void logNetworkStatus()
{
    QFile logFile("network_status.log");
    if (logFile.open(QIODevice::Append)) {
        QString log = QString("%1|%2|%3|%4\n")
            .arg(QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString())
            .arg(m_lastWifiState)
            .arg(m_lastWifiName)
            .arg(m_lastHotspotState);
        logFile.write(log.toUtf8());
    }
}

以上就是Linux下实时获取WiFi与热点状态的方法详解的详细内容,更多关于Linux获取WiFi与热点状态的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章!

您可能感兴趣的文章:
阅读全文