一文读懂Ingress-Nginx的实践
作者：StevenZeng学堂
Ingress-Nginx是Kubernetes中管理HTTP和HTTPS流量的重要工具,本文深入探讨Ingress-Nginx工作原理、配置及最佳实践,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧
❤️ 摘要: Ingress-Nginx 是 Kubernetes 中用于管理 HTTP 和 HTTPS 流量的强大工具。通过配置 Ingress 资源，用户可以灵活地路由流量到后端服务，增强了集群的可访问性和可扩展性。本文将深入探讨 Ingress-Nginx 的工作原理、基本配置及最佳实践，并通过实际案例来验证其功能。
1 概念
1.1 什么是Ingress？
Ingress是Kubernetes的 一种 API 对象，用于管理集群内服务的外部访问。Ingress 可以提供从集群外部到集群内Service的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 路由，并可以基于域名、路径等规则将请求转发到集群内的Service上。
下面是 Ingress 的一个简单示例，可将外部的流量导流到K8S集群的同一 Service， 再由Service将流量发送到后端的Pod：
1.1.1 主要功能：
- HTTP/HTTPS 路由: Ingress 允许外部 HTTP 和 HTTPS 请求根据预定义的路由规则访问集群内部的服务。路由规则可以基于主机名、URL 路径等进行配置。
- 反向代理: Ingress 控制器通常会充当反向代理，将外部请求路由到集群内部的服务。Ingress 不会公开任意端口或协议，通常使用Service.Type=NodePort或Service.Type=LoadBalancer类型的服务。
- 域名支持: 通过 Ingress，可以为集群中的服务配置域名，从而提供更友好的访问方式。例如，可以将
foo.example.com指向集群内的foo-service服务。 - 负载均衡: Ingress 控制器可以将流量分配给多个服务实例，实现负载均衡，从而提高服务的可用性和性能。在云环境中，Ingress 通常会与云提供商的负载均衡器集成，以确保流量能够从外部访问集群。
- TLS/SSL 支持: Ingress 支持 HTTPS 协议，允许为服务配置 TLS 证书，以确保传输的安全性。TLS 证书可以使用 Kubernetes 的 Secret 对象进行管理。
- 虚拟主机: Ingress 可以配置虚拟主机，使得多个服务可以通过不同的域名或子域名进行访问。
1.2 Ingress的组件
- Ingress 控制器: 为了使 Ingress 资源正常工作，集群必须运行一个 Ingress 控制器。类似Kubernetes集群的kube-apiserver服务，负责管理和执行 Ingress 资源定义的路由规则。常见的 Ingress 控制器包括
NGINX Ingress Controller、Traefik、HAProxy等，还有公有云厂商的Ingress 控制器包括Azure的AKS Application Gateway、阿里云的Alibaba Cloud MSE Ingress。 - Ingress 对象: 用户自定义的 Kubernetes 对象，描述了外部流量访问集群内Service的规则集。
1.3 什么是ingress-nginx
Ingress nginx是 Kubernetes 中最常用的 Ingress 控制器之一，由 NGINX 官方提供支持（备注：nginx和k8s官方各自维护了一套 nginx ingress controller）。
NGINX Ingress Controller 是 NGINX 和 NGINX Plus 的Ingress Controller实现，可以对Websocket、gRPC、TCP 和 UDP 应用程序进行负载平衡。它支持标准Ingress功能，例如基于内容的路由和 TLS/SSL 终止。
1.4 ingress-nginx优点和限制
| 优点 | 限制 |
|---|---|
| 经过市场广泛使用，社区支持活跃。 | 需要对 NGINX 配置有一定的理解，以便充分利用其功能。 |
| 与 NGINX 的成熟生态系统兼容，提供稳定和高性能的 HTTP/HTTPS 处理。 | 在非常复杂的路由场景中，配置可能变得繁琐。 |
| 丰富的配置选项和灵活的路由机制。 |
1.5 版本兼容性矩阵
ingress-nginx 项目支持的版本意味着官方已经完成了 E2E 测试，并且它们正在通过列出的版本。 Ingress-Nginx 版本可能适用于旧版本，但该项目不做出这种保证。
| 支持 | Ingress-NGINX版本 | k8s支持版本 | Alpine 版本 | Nginx版本 | Helm Chart 版本 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🔄 | v1.11.2 | 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26 | 3.20.0 | 1.25.5 | 4.11.2 |
| 🔄 | v1.11.1 | 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26 | 3.20.0 | 1.25.5 | 4.11.1 |
| 🔄 | v1.11.0 | 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26 | 3.20.0 | 1.25.5 | 4.11.0 |
| 🔄 | v1.10.4 | 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26 | 3.20.0 | 1.25.5 | 4.10.4 |
| 🔄 | v1.10.3 | 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26 | 3.20.0 | 1.25.5 | 4.10.3 |
| 🔄 | v1.10.2 | 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26 | 3.20.0 | 1.25.5 | 4.10.2 |
| 🔄 | v1.10.1 | 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26 | 3.19.1 | 1.25.3 | 4.10.1 |
| 🔄 | v1.10.0 | 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26 | 3.19.1 | 1.25.3 | 4.10.0 |
2 实践： Ingress nginx部署
本文k8s环境是v1.29.7, ingress-nginx是v1.11.1
⚠️ 注意：提前将ingress-nginx的镜像下载并上传到私有仓库
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# grep -n -r image: ingress-nginx.yaml 447: image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.11.1 @sha256:e6439a12b52076965928e83b7b56aae6731231677b01e81818bce7fa5c60161a 548: image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1 @sha256:36d05b4077fb8e3d13663702fa337f124675ba8667cbd949c03a8e8ea6fa4366
2.1 使用helm部署ingress-nginx
官方推荐helm方式部署，如果环境没有helm需要先下载： helm下载地址
2.1.1 安装和配置Helm
安装helm
tar -zxvf helm-v3.15.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components 1 -C /usr/local/bin linux-amd64/helm
添加ingress-nginx的repo
helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
更新repo信息
helm repo update
搜索ingress-nginx的Chart
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# helm search repo ingress-nginx --version 4.11.1 NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx 4.11.1 1.11.1 Ingress controller for Kubernetes using NGINX a...
❔ 说明： --version 4.11.1： 指定Chart版本搜索
下载ingress-nginx的Chart
mkdir helm && cd helm helm pull ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx --version 4.11.1
解压Charts
# 解压Chart tar zxvf ingress-nginx-4.11.1.tgz # 进入Chart目录 cd ingress-nginx
2.1.2 配置和创建Ingress-Nginx
调整Values.yaml的参数
镜像仓库和镜像
21 image: 22 ## Keep false as default for now! 23 chroot: false 24 #注释原仓库地址 25 #registry: registry.k8s.io 26 #替换成阿里云仓库地址 27 registry: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com 28 image: ingress-nginx-steven/controller 32 tag: "v1.11.1" 33 # 注释sha256校验码 34 #digest: sha256:e6439a12b52076965928e83b7b56aae6731231677b01e81818bce7fa5c60161a --- 805 image: 806 # 注释原仓库地址 807 #registry: registry.k8s.io 808 registry: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com 809 image: ingress-nginx-steven/kube-webhook-certgen 813 tag: v1.4.1 814 # 注释sha256校验码 815 #digest: sha256:36d05b4077fb8e3d13663702fa337f124675ba8667cbd949c03a8e8ea6fa4366
使用本地网络和dns
# 启用主机网络 103 hostNetwork: true ... # 启用主机dns服务 78 dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet
修改Ingress模式和指定port
# 默认是LoadBalancer 484 #type: LoadBalancer 485 type: NodePort ... 540 appProtocol: true 541 nodePorts: 542 # -- Node port allocated for the external HTTP listener. If left empty, the service co ntroller allocates one from the configured node port range. 543 http: "30080" 544 # -- Node port allocated for the external HTTPS listener. If left empty, the service c ontroller allocates one from the configured node port range. 545 https: "30443"
创建前， 执行以下命令检查配置是否修改成功：
helm install ingress-nginx . --dry-run=client --namespace=ingress-nginx
创建ingress-nignx
helm install ingress-nginx . --namespace=ingress-nginx --create-namespace
查看是否创建成功
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# helm list --namespace ingress-nginx NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION ingress-nginx ingress-nginx 1 2024-08-27 21:44:34.137344711 +0800 CST deployedingress-nginx-4.11.1 1.11.1
卸载ingress-nginx
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# helm uninstall ingress-nginx -n ingress-nginx release "ingress-nginx" uninstalled
2.2 使用yaml文件部署ingress-nginx
1) 参考官方yaml文件
2) 也可以参考以下配置
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
name: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
automountServiceAccountToken: true
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
automountServiceAccountToken: true
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- namespaces
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- pods
- secrets
- endpoints
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingressclasses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- coordination.k8s.io
resourceNames:
- ingress-nginx-leader
resources:
- leases
verbs:
- get
- update
- apiGroups:
- coordination.k8s.io
resources:
- leases
verbs:
- create
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- events
verbs:
- create
- patch
- apiGroups:
- discovery.k8s.io
resources:
- endpointslices
verbs:
- list
- watch
- get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- secrets
verbs:
- get
- create
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- endpoints
- nodes
- pods
- secrets
- namespaces
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- coordination.k8s.io
resources:
- leases
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- events
verbs:
- create
- patch
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingressclasses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- discovery.k8s.io
resources:
- endpointslices
verbs:
- list
- watch
- get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission
rules:
- apiGroups:
- admissionregistration.k8s.io
resources:
- validatingwebhookconfigurations
verbs:
- get
- update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-nginx-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-nginx-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
allow-snippet-annotations: "false"
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
externalTrafficPolicy: Local
ipFamilies:
- IPv4
ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
ports:
- appProtocol: http
name: http
port: 80
protocol: TCP
targetPort: http
- appProtocol: https
name: https
port: 443
protocol: TCP
targetPort: https
selector:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
type: LoadBalancer
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
ports:
- appProtocol: https
name: https-webhook
port: 443
targetPort: webhook
selector:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
minReadySeconds: 0
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
spec:
containers:
- args:
- /nginx-ingress-controller
- --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
- --election-id=ingress-nginx-leader
- --controller-class=k8s.io/ingress-nginx
- --ingress-class=nginx
- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
- --validating-webhook=:8443
- --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
- --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
- --enable-metrics=false
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: LD_PRELOAD
value: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.so
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ingress-nginx-steven/controller:v1.11.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
lifecycle:
preStop:
exec:
command:
- /wait-shutdown
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 5
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 1
name: controller
ports:
- containerPort: 80
name: http
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 443
name: https
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 8443
name: webhook
protocol: TCP
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 1
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 90Mi
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
drop:
- ALL
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 101
seccompProfile:
type: RuntimeDefault
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
name: webhook-cert
readOnly: true
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
volumes:
- name: webhook-cert
secret:
secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
spec:
containers:
- args:
- create
- --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc
- --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
- --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
env:
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ingress-nginx-steven/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: create
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 65532
seccompProfile:
type: RuntimeDefault
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
restartPolicy: OnFailure
serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
spec:
containers:
- args:
- patch
- --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission
- --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
- --patch-mutating=false
- --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
- --patch-failure-policy=Fail
env:
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ingress-nginx-steven/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: patch
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 65532
seccompProfile:
type: RuntimeDefault
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
restartPolicy: OnFailure
serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: IngressClass
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: nginx
spec:
controller: k8s.io/ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
name: ingress-nginx-admission
webhooks:
- admissionReviewVersions:
- v1
clientConfig:
service:
name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
path: /networking/v1/ingresses
failurePolicy: Fail
matchPolicy: Equivalent
name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
rules:
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
apiVersions:
- v1
operations:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
resources:
- ingresses
sideEffects: None
官方yaml文件
- 根据官方yaml，修改镜像地址：
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# grep -n image: ingress-nginx.yaml 448: image: harbor.zx/hcie/controller:v1.11.1 549: image: harbor.zx/hcie/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1 602: image: harbor.zx/hcie/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1
- 修改ingress的端口：
352 ports: 353 - appProtocol: http 354 name: http 355 port: 80 356 protocol: TCP 357 targetPort: http 358 nodePort: 30080 359 - appProtocol: https 360 name: https 361 port: 443 362 protocol: TCP 363 targetPort: https 364 nodePort: 30443
修改ingress的代理方式：
369 #type: LoadBalancer # 默认是负载均衡，如果是云环境建议使用默认参数 370 type: NodePort
部署ingress-nginx：
kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx.yaml
部署后输出结果：
namespace/ingress-nginx created serviceaccount/ingress-nginx created serviceaccount/ingress-nginx-admission created role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created configmap/ingress-nginx-controller created service/ingress-nginx-controller created service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission created deployment.apps/ingress-nginx-controller created job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-create created job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-patch created ingressclass.networking.k8s.io/nginx created validatingwebhookconfiguration.admissionregistration.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
2.3 部署后查看ingress状态
部署后，执行以下命令：
kubectl get svc,pod -n ingress-nginx -owide
查看Pod和SVC的状态：
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR service/ingress-nginx-controller NodePort 10.245.187.253 <none> 80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP 18m app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission ClusterIP 10.245.245.14 <none> 443/TCP 18m app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES pod/ingress-nginx-admission-create-h6s42 0/1 Completed 0 18m 172.16.126.2 k8s-worker2 <none> <none> pod/ingress-nginx-admission-patch-79kv5 0/1 Completed 0 18m 172.16.126.3 k8s-worker2 <none> <none> pod/ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n 1/1 Running 0 18m 172.16.194.85 k8s-worker1 <none> <none>
❔ 说明：
- NodePort: Service的类型是在ingress-nginx.yaml中自定义。
- 80:30080/TCP, 443:30443/TCP: 这两个端口也是在ingress-nginx.yaml中自定义，后面访问使用这两个端口。
- ingress-nginx-controller的Pod为ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n运行在k8s-worker1节点上。后续访问ingress代理的服务，都要用k8s-worker1节点的IP做DNS解析。
执行以下命令，查看IngressClass：
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl get IngressClass NAME CONTROLLER PARAMETERS AGE nginx k8s.io/ingress-nginx <none> 25m
❔ 说明:
- Ingress类型：nginx是ingress-nginx默认创建的；
- 当创建Ingress对象时，需要指定ingressClass字段(
.spec.ingressClassName) - 可以对ingressClass添加
ingressclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class注解，这样 IngressClass 会被视为默认的 Ingress 类。 当某个 IngressClass 资源将此注解设置为 true 时， 没有指定类的新 Ingress 资源将被分配到此默认类。
2.4 创建实例测试 Ingress
2.4.1 部署ingress对象
最后，我们打算使用1个3副本的deployment组成nginx-service，然后创建一个ingress，用于代理nginx的服务。yaml配置如下：
# 部署3个nginx实例
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-test
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/hcie/nginx:1.26.1-alpine
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
# 部署nginx的Service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-service
spec:
selector:
app: nginx-pod
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 80
---
# 创建ingress
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-http
spec:
# 上面的IngressClass名称
ingressClassName: "nginx"
rules:
# 域名，稍后要通过这个域名访问服务
- host: nginx.steven.com
http:
paths:
# 路径，访问域名时后面添加的路径
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
# 要代理的服务和服务的端口
service:
name: nginx-service
port:
number: 80
部署deployment、service、ingress
kubectl apply -f ingress-test.yaml
执行以下命令，查看部署结果：
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl get deployment,svc,ingress NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE deployment.apps/nginx-test 3/3 3 3 19s NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/nginx-service ClusterIP 10.245.127.127 <none> 80/TCP 19s NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE ingress.networking.k8s.io/ingress-http nginx nginx.test.com 10.245.187.253 80 19s
查看下ingress-http详细信息：
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl describe ingress ingress-http
Name: ingress-http
Labels: <none>
Namespace: default
Address: 10.245.187.253
Ingress Class: nginx
Default backend: <default>
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
nginx.test.com
/ nginx-service:80 (<none>)
Annotations: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Sync 2m49s (x2 over 2m56s) nginx-ingress-controller Scheduled for sync
查看ingress-controller的日志信息：
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl -n ingress-nginx logs -f ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NGINX Ingress controller
Release: v1.11.1
Build: 7c44f992012555ff7f4e47c08d7c542ca9b4b1f7
Repository: https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
nginx version: nginx/1.25.5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
W0826 03:58:30.736251 7 client_config.go:659] Neither --kubeconfig nor --master was specified. Using the inClusterConfig. This might not work.
I0826 03:58:30.736660 7 main.go:205] "Creating API client" host="https://10.245.0.1:443"
I0826 03:58:37.887271 7 main.go:248] "Running in Kubernetes cluster" major="1" minor="29" git="v1.29.7" state="clean" commit="4e4a18878ce330fefda1dc46acca88ba355e9ce7" platform="linux/amd64"
I0826 03:58:38.432286 7 main.go:101] "SSL fake certificate created" file="/etc/ingress-controller/ssl/default-fake-certificate.pem"
I0826 03:58:38.490727 7 ssl.go:535] "loading tls certificate" path="/usr/local/certificates/cert" key="/usr/local/certificates/key"
I0826 03:58:38.516493 7 nginx.go:271] "Starting NGINX Ingress controller"
I0826 03:58:38.538981 7 event.go:377] Event(v1.ObjectReference{Kind:"ConfigMap", Namespace:"ingress-nginx", Name:"ingress-nginx-controller", UID:"0dba2870-a96b-4b5e-a908-b985139e5d63", APIVersion:"v1", ResourceVersion:"624593", FieldPath:""}): type: 'Normal' reason: 'CREATE' ConfigMap ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx-controller
I0826 03:58:39.719275 7 nginx.go:317] "Starting NGINX process"
I0826 03:58:39.720802 7 leaderelection.go:250] attempting to acquire leader lease ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx-leader...
I0826 03:58:39.723329 7 nginx.go:337] "Starting validation webhook" address=":8443" certPath="/usr/local/certificates/cert" keyPath="/usr/local/certificates/key"
I0826 03:58:39.724636 7 controller.go:193] "Configuration changes detected, backend reload required"
I0826 03:58:39.748482 7 leaderelection.go:260] successfully acquired lease ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx-leader
I0826 03:58:39.748953 7 status.go:85] "New leader elected" identity="ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n"
I0826 03:58:39.826280 7 controller.go:213] "Backend successfully reloaded"
I0826 03:58:39.826390 7 controller.go:224] "Initial sync, sleeping for 1 second"
I0826 03:58:39.826978 7 event.go:377] Event(v1.ObjectReference{Kind:"Pod", Namespace:"ingress-nginx", Name:"ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n", UID:"68964da5-0da2-4ca7-84f3-742e3d1646ed", APIVersion:"v1", ResourceVersion:"624720", FieldPath:""}): type: 'Normal' reason: 'RELOAD' NGINX reload triggered due to a change in configuration
从最后几条日志来看，我们创建的ingress已经与ingress-nginx成功关联上了，下面可以进行访问测试了。
2.4.2 访问测试
2.4.2.1 在HOSTS文件里添加解析记录：
❤️ 推荐： 如果安装了火绒，可以使用内置安全工具，方便修改。
添加记录：
192.168.3.44 nginx.steven.com
访问测试：
2.4.3 pod负载均衡测试
修改nginx的index.html
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl exec -it nginx-test-6fc95f9f89-dsqkg -- sh / # echo "nginx1"> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html / # exit [root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl exec -it nginx-test-6fc95f9f89-h7khh -- sh / # echo "nginx2"> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html / # exit [root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl exec -it nginx-test-6fc95f9f89-z2v6l -- sh / # echo "nginx3"> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html / # exit
再次访问测试，默认是轮询方式，负载均衡主要是service的作用。
3 DaemonSet方式部署Ingress-nginx
DaemonSet 确保 Ingress Controller 的副本在集群中的每个节点上运行。这么做的原因如下：
- 它确保入口控制器保持服务流量高可用，即使某个节点发生故障。
- 它允许 Ingress Controller 在集群中的所有节点之间均匀分配流量，从而提高性能。
- 它允许 Ingress Controller 绑定到主机的网络命名空间，这对于某些功能（例如外部 DNS）是必需的。
3.1 配置DaemonSet
3.1.1 helm部署方式
# 切换到Chart目录 cd helm/ingress-nginx vim values.yaml
修改ingress-nginx-controller的kind字段
222 #kind: Deployment 223 kind: DaemonSet
更新helm配置
helm upgrade ingress-nginx . -n ingress-nginx
查看部署结果
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl get pod,svc -owide -n ingress-nginx NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES pod/ingress-nginx-controller-2bljr 1/1 Running 0 61s 10.10.0.1 k8s-master1 <none> <none> pod/ingress-nginx-controller-2s59q 1/1 Running 0 3m1s 10.10.0.4 k8s-worker1 <none> <none> pod/ingress-nginx-controller-dppwt 1/1 Running 0 61s 10.10.0.5 k8s-worker2 <none> <none> pod/ingress-nginx-controller-gzshs 1/1 Running 0 61s 10.10.0.3 k8s-master3 <none> <none> pod/ingress-nginx-controller-hbj9d 0/1 Running 0 61s 10.10.0.2 k8s-master2 <none> <none> NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR service/ingress-nginx-controller NodePort 10.245.133.125 <none> 80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP 3m2s app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission ClusterIP 10.245.236.128 <none> 443/TCP 3m2s app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx
看到每个节点都部署了一个ingress-controller的pod
3.1.2 yaml文件部署方式
修改这行即可
396 #kind: Deployment 397 kind: DaemonSet
验证方法如4.2节， 这里就不重复叙述了。
4 结论
Ingress-Nginx 是 Kubernetes 中强大而灵活的流量管理工具，能够有效地路由外部请求到内部服务。通过本文的讲解与实践示例，您应该能够快速上手并在自己的集群中实现 Ingress-Nginx 的配置与管理。继续探索 Ingress-Nginx 的更多高级功能，将使您的应用架构更加高效和安全。
5 参考
【2】Kubernetes官方文档-IngressController
【4】what-to-deploy-nginx-ingress-controller-as-replicas-set-or-daemon-set
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