Docker的镜像制作方法详解

docker commit [选项] 容器ID/名称 生成的镜像:[标签]
-m：说明信息；
-a：作者信息；
-p：生成过程中停止容器的运行；

# 示例
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web1 nginx:latest		//创建一个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a							  //查看运行状态
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit web1 nginx:v1				   //生成镜像，生成之前先在容器里写点东西
[root@localhost ~]# docker images							  //查看生成的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd -p 80:80 --name web2 nginx:v1	//用生成的镜像创建容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker tag hub.atomgit.com/amd64/centos:centos7 centos:7	//下载centos镜像，并修改标签
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir nginx;cd nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
RUN sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/* && \
    sed -i 's/mirror.centos.org/vault.centos.org/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/* && \
    sed -i 's/#baseurl=/baseurl=/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/* && \
    yum -y install gcc make pcre-devel zlib-devel tar zlib
ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/src/
RUN cd /usr/src/nginx-1.12.0 && \
    mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && \
    make && make install && \
    ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
RUN rm -rf /usr/src/nginx-1.12.0
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"]

[root@localhost nginx]# ls								 //将nginx源码包拉上来
Dockerfile  nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost nginx]# docker build -t 镜像:tag .	   //构建镜像，要注意要在有Dockerfile文件的目录执行

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir lnmp;cd lnmp
[root@localhost lnmp]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
# 安装ngix
RUN rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/* && \
    curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo && \
    yum -y install epel-release && \
    yum clean all && \
    yum makecache && \
    yum -y install nginx
RUN sed -i '/^user/s/nginx/nginx\ nginx/g' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
COPY default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

# 安装mariadb和php
RUN yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb-devel mariadb php-mysql php php-fpm
# 修改php-fpm配置文件
RUN sed -i '/^user/s/apache/nginx/g' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf && \
    sed -i '/^group/s/apache/nginx/g' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
# 声明mariadb的用户名和密码
ENV MARIADB_USER=root
ENV MARIADB_PASS=123456
# 支持中文
ENV LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
# 添加并运行脚本
ADD db_init.sh /root/db_init.sh
RUN chmod 775 /root/db_init.sh
RUN /root/db_init.sh
ADD run.sh /root/run.sh
RUN chmod 775 /root/run.sh
ADD index.php /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php
# 开放的端口
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 3306
EXPOSE 443
EXPOSE 9000
# 每次创建容器运行此脚本
CMD ["/root/run.sh"]

[root@localhost lnmp]# vim default.conf
server {
	listen 80;
	server_name localhost;
	location / {
		root /usr/share/nginx/html;
		index index.php index.html index.htm;
	}
	error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
	location = /50x.html {
		root /usr/share/nginx/html;
	}
	location ~ \.php$ {
		root html;
		fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
		fastcgi_index index.php;
		fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
		include fastcgi_params;
	}
}

[root@localhost lnmp]# vim db_init.sh			//数据库初始化脚本
#!/bin/bash
#初始化数据库命令
mysql_install_db --user=mysql
sleep 3
#启动数据库
mysqld_safe &
sleep 3
# 涉及到的变量在 Dockerfile 中都已经声明
mysqladmin -u "$MARIADB_USER" password "$MARIADB_PASS"
# 授权命令
mysql -u"$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASS" -e "use mysql; grant all privileges on *.* to '$MARIADB_USER'@'%' identified by '$MARIADB_PASS' with grant option;"
mysql -u"$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASS" -e "grant all privileges on *.* to '$MARIADB_USER'@'localhost' identified by '$MARIADB_PASS';"
h=$(hostname)
mysql -u"$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASS" -e "use mysql; update user set password=password('$MARIADB_PASS') where user='$MARIADB_USER' and host='$h';"

[root@localhost lnmp]# vim run.sh		//服务启动脚本
#!/bin/bash
mysqld_safe &
/usr/sbin/nginx &
/usr/sbin/php-fpm

[root@localhost lnmp]# vim index.php
<?php
echo date("Y-m-d H:i:s")."<br />\n";
	$link=mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456");
	if(!$link) echo "FAILD!";
	else echo "MySQL is OK!";
	phpinfo();
?>

[root@localhost lnmp]# docker build -t centos:lnmp .
[root@localhost lnmp]# docker run -d --name lnmp -P centos:lnmp

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir demo;cd demo
[root@localhost demo]# vim demo.c
# include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
	printf("%s\n","This is a demo!");
	return 0;
}

[root@localhost demo]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
ENV version=1.0
WORKDIR /demo
COPY demo.c .
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo && \
    yum -y install gcc && \
    gcc -v
RUN gcc demo.c -o demo && \
    rm -rf demo.c && \
    yum -y remove gcc && \
    cp demo /usr/local/bin/
CMD ["demo"]

[root@localhost demo]# docker build -t demo:v1 .
[root@localhost demo]# docker images
REPOSITORY                     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
demo                           v1        d05f8303b0bc   22 seconds ago   557MB

[root@localhost demo]# vim Dockerfile		//基于上面的未使用构建，添加这两行
FROM centos:7
ENV version=1.0
WORKDIR /demo
COPY demo.c .
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo && \
    yum -y install gcc && \
    gcc -v
RUN gcc demo.c -o demo && \
    rm -rf demo.c && \
    yum -y remove gcc && \
    cp demo /usr/local/bin/

FROM centos:7
# --from表示从其他阶段拷贝内容到本阶段，0表示从第一个阶段拷贝到本阶段
COPY --from=0 /usr/local/bin/demo /usr/local/bin/demo
CMD ["demo"]

[root@localhost demo]# docker build -t demo:v1 .
[root@localhost demo]# docker images
REPOSITORY                     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
demo                           v2        68bc7352dcfa   13 seconds ago   204MB		//使用多阶段构建
demo                           v1        d05f8303b0bc   9 minutes ago    557MB		//未使用多阶段构建