vCenter Server 的 CLI 部署方式图文详解
作者：JUNIOR MU
VMware vCenter Server 是 VMware vSphere 解决方案的核心组件，用于管理多个 ESXi 主机并实现更多高级功能特性（如 HA、DRS 以及 FT 等），相信大家已经非常熟悉了。对于 vCenter Server 的安装和部署，可能大部分人会选择使用 GUI 方式部署 vCenter Server，并使用 vCenter Server ISO 镜像文件中的 \vcsa-ui-installer\win32\installer.exe 部署程序，如下图所示。部署过程分为两个阶段，第一阶段配置并部署 vCenter Server 的 OVA 虚拟机文件；第二阶段设置并启动 vCenter Server 虚拟机的服务。
其实，对于 vCenter Server 的部署还支持 CLI 部署方式，像我这种在实验室中经常需要安装删除 vCenter Server 环境的来说，可能更喜欢 CLI 自动化部署方式，因为这样可以节约很多时间来做其他事情。如果你能了解 vCenter Server 的 GUI 部署过程，那对于使用 CLI 的部署方式应该也会非常简单。下面来看看如何使用 CLI 方式来部署我们所需要的 vCenter Server 环境，涵盖了 GUI 部署过程中的所有场景，更多内容和细节请查看 vCenter Server 产品文档。
将 vCenter Server ISO 镜像文件挂载到本地虚拟光驱 F 盘符上，可以看到 vCenter Server 安装镜像文件中包含的所有文件，如下图所示。注，对于 vCenter Server 的 CLI 部署将使用 PowerShell 方式执行，ISO 镜像文件基于 vCenter Server 8.0 U2b，内部版本号 23319993。
如你所见，要是使用 GUI 部署方式则选择 vcsa-ui-installer 文件夹下面所对应的部署程序，如果使用 CLI 部署方式则使用 \vcsa-cli-installer\win32\ 文件夹下面的 vcsa-deploy.exe 部署程序。
使用 CLI 部署方式除了要使用 vcsa-deploy.exe 部署程序以外，还需要用到 \vcsa-cli-installer\templates\install\ 文件夹下面的 JSON 配置文件，这些 JSON 配置文件中预定义了在部署 vCenter Server 过程中所需配置的信息，如部署位置 、FQDN 等。
这些 JSON 配置文件一共分为两类，一类是 *_on_ESXi.json 文件，用于将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署在 ESXi 主机上；另一类是 *_on_VC.json 文件，用于将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署在现有 vCenter Server 上。第一类通常是用于初始部署，第二类是在已有 vSphere 环境的情况下进行部署，后面将分别介绍这几种 JSON 配置文件所代表的部署场景。
先看一下 vcsa-deploy.exe 部署程序的命令帮助，CLI 方式同样可以实现安装（install）、升级（upgrade）以及迁移（migrate）等功能。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe --help
使用以下命令可以查看 vCenter Server 支持的部署大小以及对应的默认配置，可根据环境的情况自行选择哪种部署选项。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe --supported-deployment-sizes
如果对 JSON 配置文件中的哪个配置选项有疑问，可以使用以下命令查看 JSON 配置文件中关于配置选项的说明。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install --template-help | more
下面正式进入 CLI 部署的配置过程，涉及到 vCenter Server 的多种部署场景，不同的场景会使用到不同的 JSON 配置文件以及环境。
一、将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到 ESXi 主机上
将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到 ESXi 主机上，通常是 ESXi 主机上已经具有本地存储和网络端口组等环境信息，这种场景需要用到 vCenter Server 镜像文件中的 embedded_vCSA_on_ESXi.json 配置文件，根据这个配置文件修改为实际环境中的信息，示例如下：
{
"__version": "2.13.0",
"__comments": "将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到 ESXi 主机上",
"new_vcsa": {
"esxi": {
"hostname": "192.168.32.51",
"username": "root",
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"deployment_network": "VM Network",
"datastore": "Datastore-01"
},
"appliance": {
"__comments": [
"vCenter Server 部署参数"
],
"thin_disk_mode": true,
"deployment_option": "tiny",
"name": "vcenter01"
},
"network": {
"ip_family": "ipv4",
"mode": "static",
"system_name": "vcenter01.mulab.local",
"ip": "192.168.32.55",
"prefix": "24",
"gateway": "192.168.32.254",
"dns_servers": [
"192.168.32.3"
]
},
"os": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"ntp_servers": "192.168.32.3",
"ssh_enable": true
},
"sso": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"domain_name": "vsphere.local"
}
},
"ceip": {
"description": {
"__comments": [
"++++VMware Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP)++++",
"VMware's Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) ",
"provides VMware with information that enables VMware to ",
"improve its products and services, to fix problems, ",
"and to advise you on how best to deploy and use our ",
"products. As part of CEIP, VMware collects technical ",
"information about your organization's use of VMware ",
"products and services on a regular basis in association ",
"with your organization's VMware license key(s). This ",
"information does not personally identify any individual. ",
"",
"Additional information regarding the data collected ",
"through CEIP and the purposes for which it is used by ",
"VMware is set forth in the Trust & Assurance Center at ",
"http://www.vmware.com/trustvmware/ceip.html . If you ",
"prefer not to participate in VMware's CEIP for this ",
"product, you should disable CEIP by setting ",
"'ceip_enabled': false. You may join or leave VMware's ",
"CEIP for this product at any time. Please confirm your ",
"acknowledgement by passing in the parameter ",
"--acknowledge-ceip in the command line.",
"++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
]
},
"settings": {
"ceip_enabled": false
}
}
}另存为 deploy-on-esxi.json 配置文件到 files 文件夹，使用以下命令执行部署前预检查。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-on-esxi.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification --precheck-only
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Precheck ovftool commandline parameters to deploy a vCenter Server Appliance' in TaskFlow 'deploy-on-esxi' at 09:03:06 =================================== 09:03:07 =================================== Result and Log File Information... WorkFlow log directory: C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-09-02-x2dv8gw0\workflow_1722934960074
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查确定没问题，使用以下命令执行正式部署。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-on-esxi.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification
如果 vCenter Server 部署成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
Successfully completed VCSA deployment. VCSA Deployment Start Time:
2024-08-06T09:11:48.264Z VCSA Deployment End Time: 2024-08-06T09:33:42.921Z
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'MonitorDeploymentTask: Monitoring
Deployment' in TaskFlow 'deploy-on-esxi' at 09:33:55
Monitoring VCSA Deploy task completed
== [START] Start executing Task: Join active domain if necessary at 09:33:56 ==
Domain join task not applicable, skipping task
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Running deployment: Domain Join' in
TaskFlow 'deploy-on-esxi' at 09:33:56
[START] Start executing Task: Provide the login information about new
appliance. at 09:33:56
Appliance Name: vcenter01
System Name: vcenter01.mulab.local
System IP: 192.168.32.55
Log in as: Administrator@vsphere.local
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'ApplianceLoginSummaryTask: Provide
appliance login information.' in TaskFlow 'deploy-on-esxi' at 09:33:56
=================================== 09:33:57 ===================================
Result and Log File Information...
WorkFlow log directory:
C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-09-03-4auw6_e4\workflow_1722935032748登录 vCenter Server，查看部署情况。
二、将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到现有 vCenter Server 上
将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到现有 vCenter Server 上，通常是当前环境中已经具有 vSphere 环境并想在之上部署另外一套环境，这种场景需要用到 vCenter Server 镜像文件中的 embedded_vCSA_on_VC.json 配置文件，根据这个配置文件修改为实际环境中的信息，示例如下：
{
"__version": "2.13.0",
"__comments": "将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到现有 vCenter Server 上",
"new_vcsa": {
"vc": {
"__comments": [
"'datacenter' must end with a datacenter name, and only with a datacenter name.",
"'target' must end with an ESXi hostname, a cluster name, or a resource pool name.",
"The item 'Resources' must precede the resource pool name. ",
"All names are case-sensitive. ",
"For details and examples, refer to template help, i.e. vcsa-deploy {install|upgrade|migrate} --template-help"
],
"hostname": "vcsa8-01.mulab.local",
"username": "administrator@vsphere.local",
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"deployment_network": "VM Network",
"datacenter": [
"mulab"
],
"datastore": "vsanDatastore",
"target": [
"vsan8-hci-esa"
]
},
"appliance": {
"__comments": [
"vCenter Server 部署参数"
],
"thin_disk_mode": true,
"deployment_option": "tiny",
"name": "vcenter02"
},
"network": {
"ip_family": "ipv4",
"mode": "static",
"system_name": "vcenter02.mulab.local",
"ip": "192.168.32.56",
"prefix": "24",
"gateway": "192.168.32.254",
"dns_servers": [
"192.168.32.3"
]
},
"os": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"ntp_servers": "192.168.32.3",
"ssh_enable": true
},
"sso": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"domain_name": "vsphere.local"
}
},
"ceip": {
"description": {
"__comments": [
"++++VMware Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP)++++",
"VMware's Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) ",
"provides VMware with information that enables VMware to ",
"improve its products and services, to fix problems, ",
"and to advise you on how best to deploy and use our ",
"products. As part of CEIP, VMware collects technical ",
"information about your organization's use of VMware ",
"products and services on a regular basis in association ",
"with your organization's VMware license key(s). This ",
"information does not personally identify any individual. ",
"",
"Additional information regarding the data collected ",
"through CEIP and the purposes for which it is used by ",
"VMware is set forth in the Trust & Assurance Center at ",
"http://www.vmware.com/trustvmware/ceip.html . If you ",
"prefer not to participate in VMware's CEIP for this ",
"product, you should disable CEIP by setting ",
"'ceip_enabled': false. You may join or leave VMware's ",
"CEIP for this product at any time. Please confirm your ",
"acknowledgement by passing in the parameter ",
"--acknowledge-ceip in the command line.",
"++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
]
},
"settings": {
"ceip_enabled": false
}
}
}另存为 deploy-on-vcenter.json 配置文件到 files 文件夹，使用以下命令执行部署前预检查。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-on-vcenter.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification --precheck-only
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Precheck ovftool commandline parameters to deploy a vCenter Server Appliance' in TaskFlow 'deploy-on-vcenter' at 09:05:55 =================================== 09:05:56 =================================== Result and Log File Information... WorkFlow log directory: C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-09-05-z39vgzmr\workflow_1722935126586
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查确定没问题，使用以下命令执行正式部署。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-on-vcenter.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification
如果 vCenter Server 部署成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Precheck ovftool commandline parameters to deploy a vCenter Server Appliance' in TaskFlow 'deploy-on-vcenter' at 09:05:55 =================================== 09:05:56 =================================== Result and Log File Information... WorkFlow log directory: C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-09-05-z39vgzmr\workflow_1722935126586
登录 vCenter Server，查看部署情况。
三、部署多个 vCenter Server
前面两种场景分别是将 vCenter Server 部署到 ESXi 主机或者现有 vCenter Server 上，针对前面两种情况，可能你有同时部署多个 vCenter Server 环境的需求，可以将 embedded_vCSA_on_ESXi.json 或者 embedded_vCSA_on_VC.json 配置文件复制为多个 vCenter Server 的部署配置文件，然后将这些文件放在同一个文件夹内（如 deploy-multiple-vcenter），部署的时候指定这个文件夹即可同时部署多个 vCenter Server 环境。
如果已经配置好了 JSON 配置文件并放在了同一文件夹（如 deploy-multiple-vcenter），使用以下命令执行部署前预检查。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-multiple-vcenter\ --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification --precheck-only
如果文件夹中的 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查确定没问题，使用以下命令执行正式部署。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-multiple-vcenter\ --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification四、部署具有增强型链接模式的 vCenter Server
增强型链接模式（ELM）就是将环境中的多个 vCenter Server 实例链接到一起并加入到同一个 SSO 域当中，当你通过 SSO 管理员登录到任意一个 vCenter Server 的时候，可以同时看到链接的其他 vCenter Server，这样就可以实现多个 vCenter Server 实例的统一管理。可以查看这篇（使用cmsso-util命令进行链接、删除、修改多个vCenter Server(VCSA)的SSO域。）文章了解更多关于增强型链接模式 vCenter Server 的相关配置。
部署具有增强型链接模式的 vCenter Server 虚拟机到 ESXi 主机上，需要用到 vCenter Server 镜像文件中的 embedded_vCSA_replication_on_ESXi.json 配置文件，根据这个配置文件修改为实际环境中的信息，示例如下：
{
"__version": "2.13.0",
"__comments": "将具有增强型链接模式的 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到 ESXi 主机上",
"new_vcsa": {
"esxi": {
"hostname": "192.168.32.51",
"username": "root",
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"deployment_network": "VM Network",
"datastore": "Datastore-01"
},
"appliance": {
"__comments": [
"vCenter Server 部署参数"
],
"thin_disk_mode": true,
"deployment_option": "tiny",
"name": "vcenter03"
},
"network": {
"ip_family": "ipv4",
"mode": "static",
"system_name": "vcenter03.mulab.local",
"ip": "192.168.32.57",
"prefix": "24",
"gateway": "192.168.32.254",
"dns_servers": [
"192.168.32.3"
]
},
"os": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"ntp_servers": "192.168.32.3",
"ssh_enable": true
},
"sso": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"domain_name": "vsphere.local",
"first_instance": false,
"replication_partner_hostname": "vcenter01.mulab.local",
"sso_port": 443
}
},
"ceip": {
"description": {
"__comments": [
"++++VMware Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP)++++",
"VMware's Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) ",
"provides VMware with information that enables VMware to ",
"improve its products and services, to fix problems, ",
"and to advise you on how best to deploy and use our ",
"products. As part of CEIP, VMware collects technical ",
"information about your organization's use of VMware ",
"products and services on a regular basis in association ",
"with your organization's VMware license key(s). This ",
"information does not personally identify any individual. ",
"",
"Additional information regarding the data collected ",
"through CEIP and the purposes for which it is used by ",
"VMware is set forth in the Trust & Assurance Center at ",
"http://www.vmware.com/trustvmware/ceip.html . If you ",
"prefer not to participate in VMware's CEIP for this ",
"product, you should disable CEIP by setting ",
"'ceip_enabled': false. You may join or leave VMware's ",
"CEIP for this product at any time. Please confirm your ",
"acknowledgement by passing in the parameter ",
"--acknowledge-ceip in the command line.",
"++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
]
},
"settings": {
"ceip_enabled": false
}
}
}另存为 deploy-elm-on-esxi.json 配置文件到 files 文件夹，使用以下命令执行部署前预检查。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-elm-on-esxi.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification --precheck-only
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Precheck ovftool commandline parameters to deploy a vCenter Server Appliance' in TaskFlow 'deploy-elm-on-esxi' at 09:42:46 =================================== 09:42:46 =================================== Result and Log File Information... WorkFlow log directory: C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-09-42-qzp_kn0v\workflow_1722937339642
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查确定没问题，使用以下命令执行正式部署。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-elm-on-esxi.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification
如果 vCenter Server 部署成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
Successfully completed VCSA deployment. VCSA Deployment Start Time:
2024-08-06T09:52:23.624Z VCSA Deployment End Time: 2024-08-06T10:15:36.574Z
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'MonitorDeploymentTask: Monitoring
Deployment' in TaskFlow 'deploy-elm-on-esxi' at 10:16:03
Monitoring VCSA Deploy task completed
== [START] Start executing Task: Join active domain if necessary at 10:16:04 ==
Domain join task not applicable, skipping task
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Running deployment: Domain Join' in
TaskFlow 'deploy-elm-on-esxi' at 10:16:04
[START] Start executing Task: Provide the login information about new
appliance. at 10:16:05
Appliance Name: vcenter03
System Name: vcenter03.mulab.local
System IP: 192.168.32.57
Log in as: Administrator@vsphere.local
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'ApplianceLoginSummaryTask: Provide
appliance login information.' in TaskFlow 'deploy-elm-on-esxi' at 10:16:05
=================================== 10:16:05 ===================================
Result and Log File Information...
WorkFlow log directory:
C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-09-44-5l_hhkqk\workflow_1722937468472登录 vCenter Server，查看部署情况。
部署具有增强型链接模式的 vCenter Server 虚拟机到现有 vCenter Server 上，需要用到 vCenter Server 镜像文件中的 embedded_vCSA_replication_on_VC.json 配置文件，根据这个配置文件修改为实际环境中的信息，示例如下：
{
"__version": "2.13.0",
"__comments": "将具有增强型链接模式的 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到现有 vCenter Server 上",
"new_vcsa": {
"vc": {
"__comments": [
"'datacenter' must end with a datacenter name, and only with a datacenter name.",
"'target' must end with an ESXi hostname, a cluster name, or a resource pool name.",
"The item 'Resources' must precede the resource pool name. ",
"All names are case-sensitive. ",
"For details and examples, refer to template help, i.e. vcsa-deploy {install|upgrade|migrate} --template-help"
],
"hostname": "vcsa8-01.mulab.local",
"username": "administrator@vsphere.local",
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"deployment_network": "VM Network",
"datacenter": [
"mulab"
],
"datastore": "vsanDatastore",
"target": [
"vsan8-hci-esa"
]
},
"appliance": {
"__comments": [
"vCenter Server 部署参数"
],
"thin_disk_mode": true,
"deployment_option": "tiny",
"name": "vcenter04"
},
"network": {
"ip_family": "ipv4",
"mode": "static",
"system_name": "vcenter04.mulab.local",
"ip": "192.168.32.58",
"prefix": "24",
"gateway": "192.168.32.254",
"dns_servers": [
"192.168.32.3"
]
},
"os": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"ntp_servers": "192.168.32.3",
"ssh_enable": true
},
"sso": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"domain_name": "vsphere.local",
"first_instance": false,
"replication_partner_hostname": "vcenter02.mulab.local",
"sso_port": 443
}
},
"ceip": {
"description": {
"__comments": [
"++++VMware Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP)++++",
"VMware's Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) ",
"provides VMware with information that enables VMware to ",
"improve its products and services, to fix problems, ",
"and to advise you on how best to deploy and use our ",
"products. As part of CEIP, VMware collects technical ",
"information about your organization's use of VMware ",
"products and services on a regular basis in association ",
"with your organization's VMware license key(s). This ",
"information does not personally identify any individual. ",
"",
"Additional information regarding the data collected ",
"through CEIP and the purposes for which it is used by ",
"VMware is set forth in the Trust & Assurance Center at ",
"http://www.vmware.com/trustvmware/ceip.html . If you ",
"prefer not to participate in VMware's CEIP for this ",
"product, you should disable CEIP by setting ",
"'ceip_enabled': false. You may join or leave VMware's ",
"CEIP for this product at any time. Please confirm your ",
"acknowledgement by passing in the parameter ",
"--acknowledge-ceip in the command line.",
"++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
]
},
"settings": {
"ceip_enabled": false
}
}
}另存为 deploy-elm-on-vcenter.json 配置文件到 files 文件夹，使用以下命令执行部署前预检查。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-elm-on-vcenter.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification --precheck-only
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Precheck ovftool commandline parameters to deploy a vCenter Server Appliance' in TaskFlow 'deploy-elm-on-vcenter' at 09:55:12 =================================== 09:55:13 =================================== Result and Log File Information... WorkFlow log directory: C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-09-54-lps7j7v1\workflow_1722938084996
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查确定没问题，使用以下命令执行正式部署。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-elm-on-vcenter.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification
如果 vCenter Server 部署成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Precheck ovftool commandline parameters to deploy a vCenter Server Appliance' in TaskFlow 'deploy-elm-on-vcenter' at 09:55:12 =================================== 09:55:13 =================================== Result and Log File Information... WorkFlow log directory: C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-09-54-lps7j7v1\workflow_1722938084996
登录 vCenter Server，查看部署情况。
部署具有增强型链接模式 vCenter Server 的时候，可能大部分情况是环境中已经有第一个 vCenter Server 了，然后再使用上面所述的方式部署第二个 vCenter Server 并将其链接到第一个 vCenter Server 中。其实，如果环境中没有第一个 vCenter Server 的时候，也可以同时部署增强型链接模式的 vCenter Server，比如，deploy-vcenter01-on-esxi.json 配置文件用于部署第一个 vCenter Server，deploy-vcenter01-elm-on-esxi.json 配置文件用于部署具有增强型链接模式的第二个 vCenter Server，将这两个 JSON 配置文件放在同一文件夹中，在部署的时候指定这个文件夹，这样 CLI 部署完第一个 vCenter Server 后，然后当第二个 vCenter Server 部署的时候就会自动链接到第一个 vCenter Server 中去。
五、将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到 ESXi 主机上并配置单节点 vSAN ESA 集群
对于初始构建 vSphere 环境的用户来说，可能 ESXi 主机安装部署以后，想直接将 ESXi 主机应用于 vSAN 环境，同时又想将 vSAN 存储用于承载 vCenter Server。如果使用以上所述场景，部署 vCenter Server 的前提是环境中必须具有用于存放 vCenter Server 的本地/共享存储，但是，VMware 这里提供了一种方式，在部署 vCenter Server 之前，可以直接将初始安装的 ESXi 主机转换成 vSAN 集群的第一台主机，这样配置为单节点 vSAN 集群后，再将配置后的 vSAN 存储用于承载 vCenter Server 虚拟机所使用的存储。如果是这样，就不用单独先配置 ESXi 主机的本地/共享存储用于部署 vCenter Server 了，这也是 VMware 很多解决方案所使用的方式，比如 VMware Cloud Foundation。
将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到 ESXi 主机上并配置单节点 vSAN ESA 集群，需要用到 vCenter Server 镜像文件中的 vCSA_with_cluster_on_ESXi.json 配置文件，根据这个配置文件修改为实际环境中的信息，示例如下：
{
"__version": "2.13.0",
"__comments": "将 vCenter Server 虚拟机部署到 ESXi 主机上并配置单节点 vSAN ESA 集群",
"new_vcsa": {
"esxi": {
"hostname": "esxi.mulab.local",
"username": "root",
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"deployment_network": "VM Network",
"VCSA_cluster": {
"__comments": [
"Optional section. You must provide this option if you want to create the vSAN bootstrap cluster"
],
"datacenter": "datacenter",
"cluster": "vsan-esa",
"compression_only": false,
"deduplication_and_compression": false,
"enable_vlcm": true,
"enable_vsan_esa": true,
"storage_pool": {
"single_tier": [
"0654f79de904b1744a000c29669162b236",
"063ec1878a6b90d657000c296a1c16f648"
]
},
"vsan_hcl_database_path": "all.json"
}
},
"appliance": {
"__comments": [
"vCenter Server 部署参数"
],
"thin_disk_mode": true,
"deployment_option": "small",
"name": "vcenter"
},
"network": {
"ip_family": "ipv4",
"mode": "static",
"ip": "192.168.32.50",
"dns_servers": [
"192.168.32.3"
],
"prefix": "24",
"gateway": "192.168.32.254",
"system_name": "vcenter.mulab.local"
},
"os": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"ntp_servers": "192.168.32.3",
"ssh_enable": true
},
"sso": {
"password": "vSphere8@password",
"domain_name": "vsphere.local"
}
},
"ceip": {
"description": {
"__comments": [
"++++VMware Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP)++++",
"VMware's Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) ",
"provides VMware with information that enables VMware to ",
"improve its products and services, to fix problems, ",
"and to advise you on how best to deploy and use our ",
"products. As part of CEIP, VMware collects technical ",
"information about your organization's use of VMware ",
"products and services on a regular basis in association ",
"with your organization's VMware license key(s). This ",
"information does not personally identify any individual. ",
"",
"Additional information regarding the data collected ",
"through CEIP and the purposes for which it is used by ",
"VMware is set forth in the Trust & Assurance Center at ",
"http://www.vmware.com/trustvmware/ceip.html . If you ",
"prefer not to participate in VMware's CEIP for this ",
"product, you should disable CEIP by setting ",
"'ceip_enabled': false. You may join or leave VMware's ",
"CEIP for this product at any time. Please confirm your ",
"acknowledgement by passing in the parameter ",
"--acknowledge-ceip in the command line.",
"++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
]
},
"settings": {
"ceip_enabled": false
}
}
}JSON 配置文件中，关于 ESXi 主机用于 vSAN 存储池的硬盘信息可以在下图所示的地方获取。注意，由于是部署 vSAN ESA 环境，需要下载 vSAN HCL 文件到本地，并将文件的路径填入到对应的 JSON 配置文件当中，当前部署环境将 vSAN HCL 文件放在了运行 CLI 命令的当前目录（C:\Users\JUNIOR_MU\）。
另存为 deploy-on-esxi-with-vsan-esa.json 配置文件到 files 文件夹，使用以下命令执行部署前预检查。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-on-esxi-with-vsan-esa.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification --precheck-only
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Running Pre-check: vSAN Cluster Health Checks.' in TaskFlow 'install' at 10:53:30 Running Pre-check: vSphere vLCM Cluster Enablement. [START] Start executing Task: Running Pre-check for vSphere vLCM Cluster Enablement. at 10:53:30 [SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Running Pre-check: vSphere vLCM Cluster Enablement.' in TaskFlow 'install' at 10:53:30 [SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'PrecheckTask: Running prechecks.' in TaskFlow 'deploy-on-esxi-with-vsan-esa' at 10:53:30 vcsa-deploy execution successfully completed, workflow log dir: C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-10-52-j1nef3kt\workflow_1722941536363 =================================== 10:53:31 =================================== Result and Log File Information... WorkFlow log directory: C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-10-52-j1nef3kt\workflow_1722941536363
如果 JSON 配置文件与部署环境检查确定没问题，使用以下命令执行正式部署。
F:\vcsa-cli-installer\win32\vcsa-deploy.exe install .\files\deploy-on-esxi-with-vsan-esa.json --accept-eula --no-ssl-certificate-verification
如果 vCenter Server 部署成功，则会输出类似下面的内容。
Successfully completed VCSA deployment. VCSA Deployment Start Time:
2024-08-06T11:12:39.139Z VCSA Deployment End Time: 2024-08-06T11:31:05.857Z
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'MonitorDeploymentTask: Monitoring
Deployment' in TaskFlow 'deploy-on-esxi-with-vsan-esa' at 11:31:19
Monitoring VCSA Deploy task completed
== [START] Start executing Task: Join active domain if necessary at 11:31:20 ==
Domain join task not applicable, skipping task
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Running deployment: Domain Join' in
TaskFlow 'deploy-on-esxi-with-vsan-esa' at 11:31:20
==== [START] Start executing Task: Creating the new datacenter. at 11:31:21 ====
The certificate of server 'vcenter.mulab.local' will not be verified because you
have provided either the '--no-ssl-certificate-verification' or
'--no-esx-ssl-verify' command parameter, which disables verification for all
certificates. Remove this parameter from the command line if you want server
certificates to be verified.
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Running Datacenter Creation: Creating
the new datacenter for vSphere vLCM managed cluster.' in TaskFlow
'deploy-on-esxi-with-vsan-esa' at 11:31:23
[START] Start executing Task: Creating vSphere vLCM managed cluster. at
11:31:24
Enabling vLCM Cluster creation task on vcenter.mulab.local
Running ExecuteClusterHostSeedingWorkflow...
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'Running vSphere vLCM: Creating vSphere
vLCM managed cluster.' in TaskFlow 'deploy-on-esxi-with-vsan-esa' at 11:35:44
[START] Start executing Task: Provide the login information about new
appliance. at 11:35:45
Appliance Name: vcenter
System Name: vcenter.mulab.local
System IP: 192.168.32.50
Log in as: Administrator@vsphere.local
Your vCenter Server Appliance is deployed on a vSAN cluster. However this
one-host cluster must be further configured in order to provide the full
benefits of a vSAN cluster.
vSAN Configuration Instructions
1. Add additional hosts to the vSAN cluster (a minimum of two).
2. Complete the required configuration of the vSAN cluster.
3. Apply the correct VM Storage Policy to the vCenter Server Appliance.
[SUCCEEDED] Successfully executed Task 'ApplianceLoginSummaryTask: Provide
appliance login information.' in TaskFlow 'deploy-on-esxi-with-vsan-esa' at
11:35:45
=================================== 11:35:46 ===================================
Result and Log File Information...
WorkFlow log directory:
C:\Users\JUNIOR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\vcsaCliInstaller-2024-08-06-11-00-u9zayc8j\workflow_1722942009531登录 vCenter Server，查看部署情况。
当前是单节点 vSAN 集群，需要增加 ESXi 主机以满足 vSAN 集群最少主机要求（3台）。
vSAN 存储容量以及当前默认存储策略配置。
vSAN ESA 集群 ESXi 主机磁盘配置。
vSAN ESA 集群 ESXi 主机网络配置，需要添加配置用于 vSAN 流量的 vmkernel 网卡。
配置好完整的 vSAN 集群后，请将 vCenter Server 的策略调整为 vSAN 存储策略。
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