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nginx正向代理https网站的实现

2024-05-31 09:15:14 作者：码农心语

Nginx正向代理,通过服务器代理客户端去重定向请求访问到目标服务器的一种代理服务,本文主要介绍了nginx正向代理https网站的实现,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的可以了解一下

1. 缘起

最近碰到了一个麻烦事情，就是公司的centos测试服务器放在内网环境，而且不能直接上外网，导致无法通过yum安装软件，非常捉急。

幸好，内网还是有可以可以访问外网的机器，所以就想到应该可以利用nginx搭建一个代理服务器，然后centos通过这个nginx来访问外网。当然，如果只是代理http还是很简单的，而要代理https还是需要稍费周折，因为nginx本身不能部署被代理的网站的证书，不能部署成https终结点来，因此与被代理客户端之间不能用ssl协议通讯，因此需要通过http协议中的CONNECT请求打通和外网的连接，然后客户端到nginx走明文，nginx到外网走https协议。这里需要用到ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模块来实现CONNECT的代理功能。

2. 部署nginx

步骤1：从nginx官网下载nginx源码包。

步骤2：因为nginx原生是不支持CONNECT请求的，需要安装一个扩展插件，即ngx_http_proxy_connect_module，从github下载ngx_http_proxy_connect_module，另外还要下载一个nginx内核补丁。

步骤3：解压nginx源码包，进入nginx源码目录，创建modules目录（mkdir modules)。

步骤4：将ngx_http_proxy_connect_module源码目录放到modules目录中。

步骤5：将nginx内核补丁放到nginx源码目录，姑且名字叫p1.patch

步骤6：在nginx源码目录，执行以下命令给nginx内核打上补丁：

patch -p 1 < p1.patch

步骤7：编译nginx，这里假设nginx安装到/opt/nginx目录中（在编译前确认pcre、zlib、openssl的库是否已经正常安装），编译命令如下：

./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_ssl_module -add-module=./modules/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module
make & make install

步骤8：配置nginx

配置文件如下：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;


  server {
        # 代理端口
		listen 8080;
        server_name  localhost;
        
        # 解析被代理网站域名的dns服务器，根据实际情况自行配置
        resolver  114.114.114.114;
        
        # 开启proxy connect功能
        proxy_connect;
        
        # 设置允许代理的目标端口为443,即https的默认端口
        proxy_connect_allow 443 80;

        location / { 
        
            # 正向代理配置，根据请求地址自动解析出目标网站地址并进行代理
            proxy_pass $scheme://$host$request_uri;
            
            # 发送到被代理网站的请求需要添加host头
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        
			proxy_buffers 256 4k; 
            proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
            proxy_connect_timeout 30; 
        }
    }
}

以上配置完成后，通过nginx的8080端口，既可以代理普通http的请求，也可以代理https的请求。

步骤9：启动nginx

执行/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx，启动nginx

3. 测试

3.1 http测试

curl "http://www.baidu.com/" -x 127.0.0.1:8080 -v

响应内容：

*   Trying 127.0.0.1:8080...
* Connected to (nil) (127.0.0.1) port 8080 (#0)
> GET http://www.baidu.com/ HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.baidu.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.81.0
> Accept: */*
> Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
> 
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: nginx/1.24.0
< Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2024 09:08:01 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 2381
< Connection: keep-alive
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
< Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
< Etag: "588604eb-94d"
< Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:28:11 GMT
< Pragma: no-cache
< Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/
< 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&amp;tpl=mn&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === " rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" " ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>&copy;2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>  <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号  <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

通过以上的输出可以看到http代理是没有通过CONNECT请求进行连接的，响应正常。

3.2 https测试

 curl "https://www.baidu.com/" -x 127.0.0.1:8080 -v

*   Trying 127.0.0.1:8080...
* Connected to (nil) (127.0.0.1) port 8080 (#0)
* allocate connect buffer!
* Establish HTTP proxy tunnel to www.baidu.com:443
> CONNECT www.baidu.com:443 HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.baidu.com:443
> User-Agent: curl/7.81.0
> Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established
< Proxy-agent: nginx
< 
* Proxy replied 200 to CONNECT request
* CONNECT phase completed!
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
*  CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
*  CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
* TLSv1.0 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
* ALPN, server accepted to use http/1.1
* Server certificate:
*  subject: C=CN; ST=beijing; L=beijing; O=Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd; CN=baidu.com
*  start date: Jul  6 01:51:06 2023 GMT
*  expire date: Aug  6 01:51:05 2024 GMT
*  subjectAltName: host "www.baidu.com" matched cert's "*.baidu.com"
*  issuer: C=BE; O=GlobalSign nv-sa; CN=GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018
*  SSL certificate verify ok.
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.baidu.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.81.0
> Accept: */*
> 
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
< Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
< Connection: keep-alive
< Content-Length: 2443
< Content-Type: text/html
< Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2024 09:11:25 GMT
< Etag: "58860410-98b"
< Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:24:32 GMT
< Pragma: no-cache
< Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
< Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/
< 
<!DOCTYPE html>
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&amp;tpl=mn&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === " rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" " ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');
                </script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>&copy;2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>  <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号  <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

通过以上的输出可以看到https代理是通过CONNECT请求进行连接的，中间有发生ssl的握手过程，也已经正常进行了响应。

4 给centos设置代理访问外网

给centos服务器设置两个http_proxy和https_proxy环境变量，假设nginx服务器的ip为192.168.0.1，那么在命令行执行以下两条命令，即：

export http_proxy="http://192.168.0.1:8080"
export https_proxy="https://192.168.0.1:8080"

然后就可以顺畅地进行yum了。当然，如果可以的话，就将以上两条命令配置到bash.rc中，这样子免得每次登录都需要敲命令。

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