k8s目录和文件挂载到宿主机的方式
作者:小邋遢2.0
k8s生产中常用的volumes挂载方式有:hostPath、pv,pvc、nfs
1.hostPath挂载
hostPath是将主机节点文件系统上的文件或目录挂载到Pod 中,同时pod中的目录或者文件也会实时存在宿主机上,如果pod删除,hostpath中的文件不会被删除。(生成的pod只能在同一个节点上,调度到其他节点就不会挂载)
配置文件:
[root@master1 k8s-nginx]# cat nginx-test.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: app: nginx-service name: nginx-service namespace: default spec: ports: #对外暴露端口30003 - nodePort: 30003 port: 8010 protocol: TCP targetPort: 8010 selector: app: nginx-web #NodePort对外暴露端口 type: NodePort --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: app: nginx-web name: nginx-web namespace: default spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx-web template: metadata: labels: app: nginx-web namespace: default spec: imagePullSecrets: - name: secret-key containers: - image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/ymku/nginx:v2 name: nginx env: - name: TZ value: Asia/Shanghai imagePullPolicy: Always ports: - containerPort: 8010 resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 512Mi limits: cpu: 1000m memory: 1Gi volumeMounts: - name: nginx-volume-dir mountPath: /var/log/nginx - name: nginx-volume-file mountPath: /var/log/nginx/access2.log volumes: - name: nginx-volume-dir hostPath: path: /root/k8s-nginx/nginx/log type: DirectoryOrCreate #如果目录不存在就创建 - name: nginx-volume-file hostPath: path: /root/k8s-nginx/nginx/log/access2.log type: FileOrCreate ## 如果文件不存在则创建
这个是master1节点创建的,pod是在node1节点上运行的,所以日志是存储在node1节点上
需要登录到node1节点上查看挂载的情况:
在node1节点上查看是否目录和日志文件:
2.nfs挂载
nfs挂载是hostPath挂载的升级版,优点是在不同的node节点上的日志,文件都可以挂载到nfs的机器上,只需要配置上nfs挂载的机器ip和挂载的路径就行。
安装nfs,建立共享服务器(单独服务器安装nfs挂载,ip:10.10.10.25) [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils ... 创建存储目录: [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/nfs/{conf,dist,log} #可以创建多个存储目录 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/exports /data/nfs 10.10.10.24(rw,no_root_squash) #可以添加多个存储目录 #将共享目录以读写权限给node1机器,因为pod是跑在node1节点上:10.10.10.24 启动nfs应用: [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs 查看进程: [root@localhost ~]# ps -ef |grep nfs root 104715 2 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4_callbacks] root 104721 2 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 104722 2 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 104723 2 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 104724 2 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 104725 2 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 104726 2 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 104727 2 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 104728 2 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 104750 103971 0 15:56 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nfs 修改/etc/exports后,使文件生效: [root@localhost ~]# exportfs -r /data/nfs 10.10.10.24 查看挂载目录: [root@localhost nfs]# exportfs /data/nfs/conf 10.10.10.24 /data/nfs/log 10.10.10.24 /data/nfs/dist 10.10.10.24 [root@localhost nfs]# exportfs -v /data/nfs/conf 10.10.10.24(sync,wdelay,hide,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash) /data/nfs/log 10.10.10.24(sync,wdelay,hide,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash) /data/nfs/dist 10.10.10.24(sync,wdelay,hide,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
编写pod的yaml文件:
vim nginx-nfs.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: app: nginx-service name: nginx-service namespace: default spec: ports: #对外暴露端口30003 - nodePort: 30003 port: 8010 protocol: TCP targetPort: 8010 selector: app: nginx-web #NodePort对外暴露端口 type: NodePort --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: app: nginx-web name: nginx-web namespace: default spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx-web template: metadata: labels: app: nginx-web namespace: default spec: imagePullSecrets: - name: secret-key containers: - image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/ymku/nginx:v2 name: nginx env: - name: TZ value: Asia/Shanghai imagePullPolicy: Always ports: - containerPort: 8010 resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 512Mi limits: cpu: 1000m memory: 1Gi volumeMounts: - name: nginx-volume-dir mountPath: /var/log/nginx #- name: nginx-volume-file # mountPath: /var/log/nginx/access2.log #- name: nginx-config # mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d volumes: - name: nginx-volume-dir nfs: server: 10.10.10.25 path: /data/nfs #- name: nginx-volume-file # server: 10.10.10.25 # path: /data/nfs #- name: nginx-config # nfs: # server: 10.10.10.25 # path: /data/nfs
验证:到安装nfs机器上的/data/nfs/log目录查看是否有文件
问题:单独nfs挂载好像只能挂载一个目录,挂载多个目录不生效并且导致部分文件消失?
/etc/exports 配置:
yaml配置:
volumeMounts: - name: nginx-dir mountPath: /etc/nginx/dist - name: nginx-log mountPath: /var/log/nginx - name: nginx-config mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d volumes: - name: nginx-dir nfs: server: 10.10.10.25 path: /data/nfs/dist - name: nginx-log nfs: server: 10.10.10.25 path: /data/nfs/log - name: nginx-config nfs: server: 10.10.10.25 path: /data/nfs/conf
待续...
3.pv、pvc挂载
pv,pvc挂载是基于nfs挂载的高级方式(如果不搭配nfs使用,侧配置的pv,pvc默认是pod所在node节点上),通过PV和PVC,Kubernetes可以实现存储资源的动态供给、自动扩展和缩减,以及共享和负载均衡等高级特性。PV和PVC的出现使得应用容器可以随时地挂载或卸载存储资源,而无需手动管理存储卷的创建、挂载和卸载等操作。
1.创建pv(相当于存储设备)
vim pv.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: pv labels: pv: pv-nfs spec: capacity: storage: 10Gi accessModes: - ReadWriteMany volumeMode: Filesystem persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain storageClassName: nfs nfs: server: 10.10.10.25 path: /data/nfs
kubectl apply -f pv.yaml
2.创建pvc(相当于调度存储设备资源的)
vim nginx-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: pvc spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteMany volumeMode: Filesystem resources: requests: storage: 2Gi storageClassName: nfs selector: matchLabels: pv: pv-nfs
kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml
3.创建pod(去请求pvc的)
vim nginx-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: app: nginx-service name: nginx-service namespace: default spec: ports: #对外暴露端口30003 - nodePort: 30003 port: 8010 protocol: TCP targetPort: 8010 selector: app: nginx-web #NodePort对外暴露端口 type: NodePort --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: app: nginx-web name: nginx-web namespace: default spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx-web template: metadata: labels: app: nginx-web namespace: default spec: imagePullSecrets: - name: secret-key containers: - image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/ymku/nginx:v2 name: nginx env: - name: TZ value: Asia/Shanghai imagePullPolicy: Always ports: - containerPort: 8010 resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 512Mi limits: cpu: 1000m memory: 1Gi volumeMounts: - name: nginx-log mountPath: /var/log/nginx #- name: nginx-conf # mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d #- name: nginx-dist # mountPath: /etc/nginx/dist volumes: - name: nginx-log persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: pvc #- name: nginx-conf # persistentVolumeClaim: # claimName: pvc #- name: nginx-dist # persistentVolumeClaim: # claimName: pvc
kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml
查看运行状态:
kubectl describe pod nginx-web-6665c66698-fxhzl
验证:
登录到nfs的服务器,进到挂载路径下看是否有文件
总结
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