Nginx强制跳转Https(Http访问跳转Https)
作者:赵客缦胡缨v吴钩霜雪明
这篇文章主要为大家介绍了Http访问强制跳转到Https的几种方式详解,有需要的朋友可以借鉴参考下,希望能够有所帮助,祝大家多多进步,早日升职加薪
Nginx安装注意事项
最近公司要上线HTTPS,需要把之前的HTTP访问强制跳转到HTTPS
安装的时候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module,因为http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。
#1.配置 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module #2.编译安装 make && make install
配置SSL证书
如下两个证书文件
ssl.crt
ssl.key
配置存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/
server { listen 443; server_name dev.wangsl.com; root /var/www/XXX/public; ssl on; ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/ssl.crt; ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/ssl.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangsl.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main; error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangsl.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log; if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) { //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制 rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; #include fastcgi_params; include fastcgi.conf; } }
Http访问强制跳转到Https的几种方式:
一、采用nginx的rewrite方法
1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。
例如将所有的dev.wangsl.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。
下面配置均可以实现:
#配置1: server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangsl.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; //这是ngixn早前的写法,现在还可以使用。 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } ================================================================ 上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; 也可以改为下面 rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangsl.com/$1 permanent; 或者 rewrite ^ http://dev.wangsl.com$request_uri? permanent; ================================================================ #配置2: server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangsl.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; //这是nginx最新支持的写法 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } #配置3:这种方式适用于多域名的时候,即访问wangsl.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangsl.com上面 server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangsl.com wangsl.com *.wangsl.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; if ($host ~* "^wangsl.com$") { rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangsl.com/ permanent; } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } #配置4:下面是最简单的一种配置 server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangsl.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; if ($host = "dev.wangsl.com") { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangsl.com permanent; } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }
二、采用nginx的497状态码
497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS #解释:当网站只允许https访问时,当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码 #配置实例: #如下访问dev.wangsl.com或者wangsl.com的http都会被强制跳转到https server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangsl.com wangsl.com *.wangsl.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } #也可以将80和443的配置放在一起: server { listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口 listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用户习惯用http访问,加上80,后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口 server_name dev.wangsl.com; #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持 ssl on; #指定PEM格式的证书文件 ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangsl.pem; #指定PEM格式的私钥文件 ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangsl.key; #让http请求重定向到https请求 error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }
三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https
上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源,可以借鉴百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用,将http跳转到https
可以基于http://dev.wangsl.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html,内容就是http向https的跳转
将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html <html> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangsl.com/"> </html> [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangsl.com wangsl.com *.wangsl.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; #将404的页面重定向到https的首页 error_page 404 https://dev.wangsl.com/; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }
四、通过proxy_redirec方式
解决办法:
# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home proxy_redirect http:// https://;
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