linux如何将sda分区扩容
作者：Lyndon1107
这篇文章主要介绍了linux如何将sda分区扩容问题,具有很好的参考价值,希望对大家有所帮助,如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教
Docker镜像、容器等文件目录默认在系统盘，虚拟机分配的系统盘20G容量也太小，研究下系统盘扩容
linux 系统分区 /dev/sda3，创建新系统分区sda4，扩容20G
基本的逻辑卷管理概念
PV（Physical Volume）- 物理卷
物理卷在逻辑卷管理中处于最底层，它可以是实际物理硬盘上的分区，也可以是整个物理硬盘，也可以是raid设备。
VG（Volumne Group）- 卷组
卷组建立在物理卷之上，一个卷组中至少要包括一个物理卷，在卷组建立之后可动态添加物理卷到卷组中。一个逻辑卷管理系统工程中可以只有一个卷组，也可以拥有多个卷组。
LV（Logical Volume）- 逻辑卷
逻辑卷建立在卷组之上，卷组中的未分配空间可以用于建立新的逻辑卷，逻辑卷建立后可以动态地扩展和缩小空间。系统中的多个逻辑卷可以属于同一个卷组，也可以属于不同的多个卷组。
在虚拟机分配20G硬盘
略
系统加盘sda4
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): p
Selected partition 4
First sector (20971520-62914559, default 20971520):
Using default value 20971520
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-62914559, default 62914559):
Using default value 62914559
Partition 4 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.加入sda4
[root@node1 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 30G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 300M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 1G 0 part ├─sda3 8:3 0 8.7G 0 part / └─sda4 8:4 0 20G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
创建物理卷
[root@node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda4 Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created. 查看物理卷 [root@node1 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda4 lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g [root@node1 ~]# pvdisplay "/dev/sda4" is a new physical volume of "20.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda4 VG Name PV Size 20.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID dnbfor-Mftv-L8o5-gdbP-sVdj-H6HY-tHW4J8 [root@node1 ~]# partprobe
创建卷组
[root@node1 ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/sda4 Volume group "vg0" successfully created #查看卷组 [root@node1 ~]# vgscan Reading volume groups from cache. Found volume group "vg0" using metadata type lvm2 [root@node1 ~]# vgextend vg0 /dev/sda6 #增加一个卷组 [root@node1 ~]# pvmove /dev/sda6 //移走PV的数据 [root@node1 ~]# vgreduce vg0 /dev/sda6 //从vg0中删除物理卷
创建逻辑卷（单位:M）
[root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 10G -n lv1 vg0 Logical volume "lv1" created. [root@node1 /]# lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/lv1' [10.00 GiB] inherit [root@node1 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg0/lv1 LV Name lv1 VG Name vg0 LV UUID o9Qy20-I08o-GtAK-v0y9-DuY5-QlYl-J63IWc LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time node1, 2021-03-28 21:40:00 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 10.00 GiB Current LE 2560 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0
建文件系统（格式化）
[root@node1 ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/vg0/lv1
meta-data=/dev/vg0/lv1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0挂载逻辑卷
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv1 /home
[root@node1 ~]# df -h #扩容前10G
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 8.7G 3.3G 5.5G 38% /
/dev/sda1 297M 118M 180M 40% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv1 10G 33M 10G 1% /home
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
为根分区扩展空间
[root@node1 ~]# lvextend -L +1G /dev/mapper/vg0-lv1
[root@node1 ~]# resize2fs -f /dev/mapper/vg0-lv1 #不生效使用下面
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@node1 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg0-lv1
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg0-lv1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2621440 to 4507648
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@node1 ~]# df -h #扩容后18G
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 8.7G 3.3G 5.5G 38% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 297M 118M 180M 40% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv1 18G 33M 18G 1% /home完
修改docker默认目录（终极大招）
修改docker默认目录到/home/docker下
Docker镜像、容器等文件目录迁移
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop docker
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /home/docker
[root@node1 ~]# cp -R /var/lib/docker/* /home/docker/
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://17tjx23n.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"graph": "/home/docker" #添加新目录
}
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker
[root@node1 ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current docker-runc
删除原有文件
[root@node1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/docker虽然没有用删除操作，但是看到/var/lib/docker目录已经不存在了，镜像与容器显示在了新的目录/home/docker中
[root@node1 ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 xfs 8.7G 2.7G 6.1G 31% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 1.4G 9.3M 1.4G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 xfs 297M 118M 180M 40% /boot /dev/mapper/vg0-lv1 xfs 20G 831M 20G 5% /home tmpfs tmpfs 1.4G 12K 1.4G 1% /var/lib/kubelet/pods/9bb01287-42bd-4d81-9e24-4fd1b2953df1/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/default-token-2l58c tmpfs tmpfs 1.4G 12K 1.4G 1% /var/lib/kubelet/pods/dcbaf00d-64f2-4c41-8d94-78e919a84db3/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/flannel-token-k794f tmpfs tmpfs 1.4G 12K 1.4G 1% /var/lib/kubelet/pods/9e616d2b-6328-4edf-bf03-8666fb094871/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/kube-proxy-token-78wp7 tmpfs tmpfs 284M 0 284M 0% /run/user/0 overlay overlay 20G 831M 20G 5% /home/docker/overlay2/136ee7e8387889f29b5d8b348d6efbad849d8c961fa65eb3d0777a002daac01b/merged overlay overlay 20G 831M 20G 5% /home/docker/overlay2/0ae46f788b0344c898b2b05c00ad644e5abc2d5629048b76393bf53e93bc5173/merged overlay overlay 20G 831M 20G 5% /home/docker/overlay2/c9fdd6a853ebb74d6aa5d6a7116b57ba4152c9ae6fcd50c1e5c75198961a49ba/merged shm tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /home/docker/containers/3f778588c1026b13831ca20b83ebb2049660ed2d275ad869cace012b1322bea8/mounts/shm shm tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /home/docker/containers/334ed06000ed551253d46f7fb93fe96ff3fbd7a1beddc9f6dbbf83228dce6b1b/mounts/shm shm tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /home/docker/containers/b8644ce2df31395ca9d985cf1c27ed000ee0aff164d0b9bad33738d261e47094/mounts/shm overlay overlay 20G 831M 20G 5% /home/docker/overlay2/a4723f525ef18097008ca12f6dad08c40a93a240c4fbf3c278333a70ca14634f/merged overlay overlay 20G 831M 20G 5% /home/docker/overlay2/4fa16c90c3201c2766dd99b2aa0153f9d7827e57869e1d07b307ab24afa0e7c3/merged overlay overlay 20G 831M 20G 5% /home/docker/overlay2/746c68cd3386c7f246439bc7cfb1a1f13171b83b8596d6e907c7147bcf88d159/merged
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。