LNMP简介(最新推荐)
作者：事愿人为
LNMP是指一组通常一起使用来运行动态网站或者服务器的自由软件名称首字母缩写,L指Linux,N指Nginx,M一般指MySQL,也可以指MariaDB,P一般指PHP,也可以指Perl或Python
LNMP介绍
一、LNMP是什么
LNMP是指一组通常一起使用来运行动态网站或者服务器的自由软件名称首字母缩写。L指Linux，N指Nginx，M一般指MySQL，也可以指MariaDB，P一般指PHP，也可以指Perl或Python。
二、LNMP介绍
LNMP代表的就是：Linux系统下Nginx+MySQL+PHP这种网站服务器架构。
（1）Linux是一类Unix计算机操作系统的统称，是目前最流行的免费操作系统。代表版本有：debian、centos、ubuntu、fedora、gentoo等。
（2）Nginx (engine x) 是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理web服务器，同时也提供了IMAP/POP3/SMTP服务。其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强，事实上nginx的并发能力在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好
（3）MySQL是一种开放源代码的关系型数据库管理系统（RDBMS），使用最常用的数据库管理语言--结构化查询语言（SQL）进行数据库管理。MySQL不仅是开放源代码的，也因为其速度、可靠性和适应性而备受关注。大多数人都认为在不需要事务化处理的情况下，MySQL是管理内容最好的选择。
（4）PHP即“超文本预处理器”，是一种通用开源脚本语言。PHP是在服务器端执行的脚本语言，与C语言类似，是常用的网站编程语言。因为PHP的开源性、免费性、快捷性等特点使其成为目前最流行的编程语言。
三、优点
（1）四种软件均为免费开源软件，组合到一起，成为一个免费、高效、扩展性强的网站服务系统。
（2）Nginx使用更少的资源，支持更多的并发连接，体现更高的效率。
（3）Nginx 既可以在内部直接支持Rails和PHP，也可以支持作为 HTTP代理服务器对外进行服务。
（4）Nginx 安装非常的简单，配置文件非常简洁（还能够支持perl语法）。Nginx支持平滑加载新的配置，还能够在不间断服务的情况下进行软件版本的升级。
环境说明：
| 系统 | 主机名 | IP | 服务 |
|---|---|---|---|
| centos8 | nginx | 192.168.111.141 | nginx |
| centos8 | mysql | 192.168.111.142 | mysql |
| centos8 | php | 192.168.111.143 | php |
分离部署LNMP
部署nginx
//修改名字 [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname nginx [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@nginx ~]# //关闭防火墙和selinux [root@nginx ~]# setenforce 0 [root@nginx ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config [root@nginx ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld [root@nginx ~]# reboot //配置yum源 [root@nginx ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo [root@nginx ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo //创建用户 [root@nginx ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin nginx //安装依赖包 [root@nginx ~]# dnf -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make wget vim //下载nginx包并解压 [root@nginx ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz [root@nginx ~]# tar xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz //进行编译安装 [root@nginx ~]# cd nginx-1.20.2 [root@nginx nginx-1.20.2]# ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-debug \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_gunzip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module [root@nginx nginx-1.20.2]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install //配置环境变量 [root@nginx ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh [root@nginx ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh //配置system启动服务 [root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service [Unit] Description=nginx server daemon After=network.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@nginx ~]# systemctl daemon-reload //启动nginx [root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx [root@nginx ~]# ss -anlt State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
部署mysql
//修改名字
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname mysql
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@mysql ~]#
//关闭防火墙
[root@mysql ~]# setenforce 0
[root@mysql ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
//配置yum源
[root@mysql ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@mysql ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
//创建用户
[root@mysql ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin mysql
//下载依赖包
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs
//下载mysql包并解压
[root@mysql ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@mysql ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//修改包名，更改属主属组
[root@mysql ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@mysql local]# mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@mysql local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
[root@mysql local]# ll -d mysql/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Oct 11 13:42 mysql/
//配置环境变量
[root@mysql local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@mysql local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
//创建头文件
[root@mysql local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
//添加帮助文档
[root@mysql local]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
//创建库文件
[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib/
[root@mysql ~]# ldconfig
//创建数据存放路劲
[root@mysql ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data
[root@mysql ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@mysql ~]# ll -d /opt/data/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Oct 11 13:48 /opt/data/
//初始化数据库
[root@mysql ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/
2022-10-11T05:49:31.198902Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-10-11T05:49:31.347232Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-10-11T05:49:31.366252Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-10-11T05:49:31.427201Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 7a1816e2-4928-11ed-a649-000c29074265.
2022-10-11T05:49:31.428093Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-10-11T05:49:31.649647Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-10-11T05:49:31.649663Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-10-11T05:49:31.649960Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-10-11T05:49:31.695538Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: h.#agi;KB7%t //临时密码
[root@mysql ~]# echo 'h.#agi;KB7%t' > pass
//编写配置文件
[root@mysql ~]# dnf -y remove mariadb*
[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
//编写system控制脚本
[root@mysql ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=mysql server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
//设置开机自启
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
[root@mysql ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//设置mysql密码
[root@mysql ~]# cat pass
h.#agi;KB7%t
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p'h.#agi;KB7%t'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.38
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
//修改后验证
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 部署php
//修改名字 [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname php [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@php ~]# //关闭防火墙和selinux [root@php ~]# setenforce 0 [root@php ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config [root@php ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld //配置yum源 [root@php ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo [root@php ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo //安装依赖包 [root@php ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ glibc automake autoconf libtool make libxslt-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5-devel openssl openssl-devel sqlite-devel libcurl-devel libpng-devel libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libicu-devel libxslt-devel systemd-devel gmp-devel net-snmp net-snmp-devel libsqlite3x-devel libzip-devel --allowerasing --skip-broken --nobest [root@php ~]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm //下载PHP包并解压 [root@php ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.1.11.tar.gz [root@php ~]# tar xf php-8.1.11.tar.gz //编译安装 [root@php ~]# cd php-8.1.11 [root@php php-8.1.11]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8 \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php8/etc \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-mysqlnd \ --with-mysqli \ --with-pdo-mysql \ --enable-opcache \ --with-pcre-jit \ --enable-gd \ --with-jpeg \ --with-freetype \ --with-gettext \ --with-curl \ --with-openssl \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --with-zip \ --with-zlib \ --with-snmp \ --with-mhash \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-bcmath \ --enable-soap \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-pcntl \ --with-gmp //显示这个表示没问题了 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | License: | | This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this | | distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation | | process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. | | If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort | | the installation process at this point. | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ Thank you for using PHP. [root@php php-8.1.11]# make && make install //配置环境变量 [root@php ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php8.sh [root@php ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php8.sh //配置php-fpm [root@php ~]# cd php-8.1.11 [root@php php-8.1.11]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y [root@php php-8.1.11]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@php php-8.1.11]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm [root@php php-8.1.11]# cp /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf [root@php php-8.1.11]# cp /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf //启动php-fpm [root@php ~]# service php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done [root@php ~]# ss -anlt State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
安装后配置
php端配置
//修改配置文件
[root@php ~]# vim /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
listen = 192.168.111.143:9000 //修改为php本机IP
listen.allowed_clients = 192.168.111.141 //允许指定ip访问
//在php端上配置网站
[root@php ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html
[root@php ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
//重启php-fpm服务
[root@php ~]# service php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm done
[root@php ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.111.143:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* nginx服务器端
//创建一个.php结尾的文件，用于匹配
[root@nginx ~]# touch /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
//修改配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#查找index
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm; //添加index.php
}
#大概65-71行，取消注释
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/www/html; //指向php端index.php文件位置
fastcgi_pass 192.168.111.143:9000; //ip地址为php服务器地址
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; //将/scripts更改为$document_root
include fastcgi_params;
}
//重启服务
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart nginx浏览器访问
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