基于Python制作下发用的Excel受保护模板

pip install spire.xls.free

OPEN_RANGES = [("申报数量", "D5:D16"), ("备注说明", "G5:G16")]

from spire.xls import Workbook, ExcelVersion, SheetProtectionType
from spire.xls.common import Color

PWD = "CW-2026Q4"
OPEN_RANGES = [("申报数量", "D5:D16"), ("备注说明", "G5:G16")]
LOCK_RANGES = ["A1:G4", "A5:C16", "E5:F16", "A17:G17"]

wb = Workbook()
wb.LoadFromFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q3_裸表.xlsx")
sheet = wb.Worksheets[0]

for _, addr in OPEN_RANGES:
    sheet.Range[addr].Style.Color = Color.get_LightYellow()

for name, addr in OPEN_RANGES:
    sheet.AddAllowEditRange(name, sheet.Range[addr])

src_wb = Workbook()
src_wb.LoadFromFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q3_裸表.xlsx")
src_sheet = src_wb.Worksheets[0]
print("工作表受保护=%s，E5 锁定标记=%s"
      % (src_sheet.IsPasswordProtected, src_sheet.Range["E5"].Style.Locked))
src_wb.Dispose()

sheet.Range["A1:G60"].Style.Locked = False        # 先把整片区域的锁定标记清零
for addr in LOCK_RANGES:
    sheet.Range[addr].Style.Locked = True         # 再只把该锁的段落锁回去

sheet.Range["F5:F17"].IsFormulaHidden = True

import os
import tempfile

probe_wb = Workbook()
probe_wb.LoadFromFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q3_裸表.xlsx")
probe_wb.ProtectWorkbook(True, True, PWD)
probe_path = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "_wb_probe.xlsx")
probe_wb.SaveToFile(probe_path, ExcelVersion.Version2013)
probe_wb.Dispose()
with open(probe_path, "rb") as f:
    print("文件头：%r" % f.read(4))

sheet.Protect(PWD)                                # 本文采用
# sheet.Protect(PWD, SheetProtectionType.All)     # 不要这样写

wb.SaveToFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q4_下发模板.xlsx", ExcelVersion.Version2013)
wb.Dispose()

import os
import re
import tempfile
import zipfile

def sheet_protection_tag(mode):
    m_wb = Workbook()
    m_wb.LoadFromFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q3_裸表.xlsx")
    m_sheet = m_wb.Worksheets[0]
    m_sheet.Range["A1:G60"].Style.Locked = False
    for addr in LOCK_RANGES:
        m_sheet.Range[addr].Style.Locked = True
    for name, addr in OPEN_RANGES:
        m_sheet.AddAllowEditRange(name, m_sheet.Range[addr])
    if mode == "all":
        m_sheet.Protect(PWD, SheetProtectionType.All)
    else:
        m_sheet.Protect(PWD)
    # 文件名带上密码，两种写法的产物不会互相覆盖，也不会盖掉别的申报表跑出来的探针
    m_path = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "_prot_%s_%s.xlsx" % (mode, PWD))
    m_wb.SaveToFile(m_path, ExcelVersion.Version2013)
    m_wb.Dispose()
    with zipfile.ZipFile(m_path) as z:
        xml = z.read("xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml").decode("utf-8")
    return re.search(r"<sheetProtection[^>]*/>", xml).group(0)

print("Protect(PWD)      → %s" % sheet_protection_tag("plain"))
print("Protect(PWD, All) → %s" % sheet_protection_tag("all"))

Protect(PWD)      → <sheetProtection password="E550" sheet="1" objects="1" scenarios="1" />
Protect(PWD, All) → <sheetProtection password="E550" sheet="1" formatCells="0" formatColumns="0" formatRows="0" insertColumns="0" insertRows="0" insertHyperlinks="0" deleteColumns="0" deleteRows="0" sort="0" autoFilter="0" pivotTables="0" />

wb = Workbook()
wb.LoadFromFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q4_下发模板.xlsx")
s = wb.Worksheets[0]
before = s.IsPasswordProtected          # True
s.Unprotect(PWD)
after = s.IsPasswordProtected           # False
s.Range["G17"].Text = "已于 2026-10-09 由财务中心复核"
wb.SaveToFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q4_回收解锁版.xlsx", ExcelVersion.Version2013)
wb.Dispose()

chk = Workbook()
chk.LoadFromFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q4_回收解锁版.xlsx")
still = chk.Worksheets[0].IsPasswordProtected
chk.Dispose()
print("解锁前：%s → 解锁后：%s → 另存读回：%s" % (before, after, still))

chk = Workbook()
chk.LoadFromFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q4_下发模板.xlsx")
s = chk.Worksheets[0]
checks = [
    ("工作表受保护", s.IsPasswordProtected),
    ("A4 表头锁定", s.Range["A4"].Style.Locked),
    ("B5 科目锁定", s.Range["B5"].Style.Locked),
    ("E5 单价锁定", s.Range["E5"].Style.Locked),
    ("F5 金额锁定", s.Range["F5"].Style.Locked),
    ("A17 合计锁定", s.Range["A17"].Style.Locked),
    ("D5 申报数量可改", not s.Range["D5"].Style.Locked),
    ("D16 申报数量可改", not s.Range["D16"].Style.Locked),
    ("G9 备注可改", not s.Range["G9"].Style.Locked),
    ("F5:F17 公式隐藏", s.Range["F5:F17"].IsFormulaHidden),
]
chk.Dispose()
for label, value in checks:
    print("  %-18s %s" % (label, value))

import re
import zipfile

z = zipfile.ZipFile("部门费用预算申报表_2026Q4_下发模板.xlsx")
sheet_xml = z.read("xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml").decode("utf-8")
styles_xml = z.read("xl/styles.xml").decode("utf-8")
z.close()
sp = re.search(r"<sheetProtection[^>]*/>", sheet_xml)
pr = re.search(r"<protectedRanges>.*?</protectedRanges>", sheet_xml, re.S)
hidden = len(re.findall(r'<protection[^>]*hidden="(?:1|true)"', styles_xml))
unlocked = len(re.findall(r'<protection[^>]*locked="(?:0|false)"', styles_xml))
print(sp.group(0))
print(pr.group(0))
print("隐藏公式的样式 %d 条、未锁定样式 %d 条" % (hidden, unlocked))

<sheetProtection password="E550" sheet="1" objects="1" scenarios="1" />
<protectedRanges>
  <protectedRange sqref="D5:D16" name="申报数量" />
  <protectedRange sqref="G5:G16" name="备注说明" />
</protectedRanges>