基于Python编写一个强密码随机生成器

import random
random.seed(42)
print(random.random())

$ python main.py
生成的密码：k7#mQx2$Lp9@vR4w
$ python main.py -l 24 --no-symbols
生成的密码：hT3nBq8Xw2mZ5rK9pL4vE7cA
$ python main.py -l 12 --no-symbols --no-upper
生成的密码：f4k2m9x1q7wz
$ python main.py -c
生成的密码：k7#mQx2$Lp9@vR4w
已复制到剪贴板 ✅

pip install pyperclip
pip freeze > requirements.txt     # 立刻存档，从第一个依赖就养成习惯

"""passwd —— 强密码生成器"""
import argparse
import secrets
import string

CHARSETS = {
    "lower":   string.ascii_lowercase,   # a-z
    "upper":   string.ascii_uppercase,   # A-Z
    "digits":  string.digits,            # 0-9
    "symbols": "!@#$%^&*-_=+?",          # 自选的安全符号子集
}


def build_pool(use):
    """按开关拼出字符池，并抽出"每类保底"的必备字符"""
    pool = ""
    required = []
    for name, chars in CHARSETS.items():
        if use[name]:
            pool += chars
            required.append(secrets.choice(chars))
    return pool, required

def secure_shuffle(items):
    """secrets版洗牌（Fisher-Yates）：random.shuffle的随机性不够"硬" """
    for i in range(len(items) - 1, 0, -1):
        j = secrets.randbelow(i + 1)
        items[i], items[j] = items[j], items[i]
    return items

def generate(length, use):
    pool, required = build_pool(use)
    if not pool:
        raise ValueError("至少要启用一类字符")
    if length < len(required):
        raise ValueError(f"长度至少要 {len(required)}，才能保证每类字符都出现")

    chars = required[:]                                          # 每类保底一个
    chars += [secrets.choice(pool) for _ in range(length - len(required))]
    return "".join(secure_shuffle(chars))                        # 洗牌后拼接

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="强密码生成器")
    parser.add_argument("-l", "--length", type=int, default=16,
                        help="密码长度，默认16")
    parser.add_argument("--no-lower", action="store_true", help="不用小写字母")
    parser.add_argument("--no-upper", action="store_true", help="不用大写字母")
    parser.add_argument("--no-digits", action="store_true", help="不用数字")
    parser.add_argument("--no-symbols", action="store_true", help="不用符号")
    parser.add_argument("-c", "--copy", action="store_true",
                        help="生成后自动复制到剪贴板")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    use = {"lower": not args.no_lower, "upper": not args.no_upper,
           "digits": not args.no_digits, "symbols": not args.no_symbols}

    try:
        password = generate(args.length, use)
    except ValueError as e:
        print(f"参数有问题：{e}")
        return
    print(f"生成的密码：{password}")

    if args.copy:
        try:
            import pyperclip
            pyperclip.copy(password)
            print("已复制到剪贴板 ✅")
        except ImportError:
            print("未安装pyperclip：pip install pyperclip后可自动复制")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

python main.py                      # 默认16位，四类字符都有
python main.py -l 24 --no-symbols   # 24位无符号，适合死板的网站
python main.py -l 12 --no-symbols --no-upper
python main.py -c                   # 去Ctrl+V粘贴试试
python main.py -l 2                 # 应该看到友好的报错，而不是崩溃

git add .
git commit -m "完成密码生成器v1：secrets随机 + 剪贴板"

sudo apt install xclip    # Ubuntu/Debian
# 或
sudo apt install xsel