Python微信公众号官方API自动发布草稿箱代码示例

pip install requests python-dotenv

wechat_api_draft/
├── .env               # 配置（安全）
├── cover.jpg          # 封面图
├── wechat_draft_api.py # 主代码
└── README.md

# 公众号基本信息
WECHAT_APPID=你的AppID
WECHAT_APPSECRET=你的AppSecret

# 文章配置
ARTICLE_TITLE=Python官方API发布草稿测试
ARTICLE_CONTENT=<p>这是通过微信官方API自动发布的正文</p><p>支持HTML格式，格式稳定不乱</p>
ARTICLE_DIGEST=这是文章摘要，不超过120字
COVER_IMAGE_PATH=./cover.jpg

import requests
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
import json

# 加载环境变量
load_dotenv()

# ====================== 配置读取 ======================
APPID = os.getenv("WECHAT_APPID")
APPSECRET = os.getenv("WECHAT_APPSECRET")
TITLE = os.getenv("ARTICLE_TITLE")
CONTENT = os.getenv("ARTICLE_CONTENT")
DIGEST = os.getenv("ARTICLE_DIGEST")
COVER_PATH = os.getenv("COVER_IMAGE_PATH")

# ====================== 1. 获取 access_token ======================
def get_access_token():
    url = f"https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={APPID}&secret={APPSECRET}"
    res = requests.get(url).json()
    if "access_token" in res:
        print("✅ 获取 access_token 成功")
        return res["access_token"]
    else:
        raise Exception(f"获取 access_token 失败：{res}")

# ====================== 2. 上传永久素材（封面图） ======================
def upload_permanent_media(access_token, file_path):
    url = f"https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/material/add_material?access_token={access_token}&type=image"
    files = {
        "media": open(file_path, "rb")
    }
    res = requests.post(url, files=files).json()
    if "media_id" in res:
        print("✅ 封面图上传成功，media_id：", res["media_id"])
        return res["media_id"]
    else:
        raise Exception(f"上传素材失败：{res}")

# ====================== 3. 新增草稿到草稿箱（核心） ======================
def create_wechat_draft(access_token, thumb_media_id):
    url = f"https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/draft/add?access_token={access_token}"
    
    # 文章参数（官方格式）
    payload = {
        "articles": [
            {
                "title": TITLE,
                "thumb_media_id": thumb_media_id,
                "author": "作者名",
                "digest": DIGEST[:120],  # 摘要≤120字
                "show_cover_pic": 1,     # 正文显示封面
                "content": CONTENT,      # 正文HTML
                "content_source_url": "",# 原文链接
                "need_open_comment": 1,  # 开启评论
                "only_fans_can_comment": 0
            }
        ]
    }

    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    res = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=False), headers=headers).json()
    
    if "media_id" in res:
        print("\n🎉 草稿创建成功！")
        print("草稿 media_id：", res["media_id"])
        print("请到公众号后台【草稿箱】查看")
        return res["media_id"]
    else:
        raise Exception(f"创建草稿失败：{res}")

# ====================== 主函数 ======================
if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        token = get_access_token()
        thumb_media_id = upload_permanent_media(token, COVER_PATH)
        draft_media_id = create_wechat_draft(token, thumb_media_id)
    except Exception as e:
        print("\n❌ 错误：", e)

python wechat_draft_api.py