基于Python实现一个文件批量重命名工具

import os
import re
import shutil
from pathlib import Path
from typing import List, Dict, Tuple, Optional
import datetime

def get_user_input() -> Dict[str, str]:
    """获取用户输入的配置"""
    print("🎯 文件批量重命名工具启动！")
    
    directory = input("📁 请输入要处理的目录路径（回车使用当前目录）: ").strip()
    if not directory:
        directory = os.getcwd()

    pattern = input("🔍 输入匹配模式（支持正则表达式，如 *.txt）: ").strip()
    if not pattern:
        print("❌ 未输入有效模式，退出。")
        return None

    replacement = input("🔁 输入替换模板（如 'new_{name}_{index}.{ext}'）: ").strip()
    if not replacement:
        print("❌ 未输入替换模板，退出。")
        return None

    preview_only = input("👁️ 仅预览不执行？(y/N): ").strip().lower() in ['y', 'yes', '1']
    
    return {
        "directory": directory,
        "pattern": pattern,
        "replacement": replacement,
        "preview_only": preview_only
    }

def match_files(directory: Path, pattern: str) -> List[Path]:
    """根据模式匹配文件"""
    files = []
    dir_path = Path(directory)

    if not dir_path.exists():
        raise FileNotFoundError(f"目录不存在: {directory}")

    # 判断是否为通配符模式
    if '*' in pattern or '?' in pattern:
        # 使用 glob 模式
        files = list(dir_path.glob(pattern))
    else:
        # 否则视为正则表达式
        try:
            regex = re.compile(pattern)
            for file in dir_path.iterdir():
                if file.is_file() and regex.match(file.name):
                    files.append(file)
        except re.error as e:
            raise ValueError(f"正则表达式错误: {e}")

    return sorted(files)

{index}_{name}_{ext}

def expand_template(template: str, name: str, ext: str, index: int) -> str:
    """扩展模板中的占位符"""
    replacements = {
        "{name}": name,
        "{ext}": ext,
        "{index}": str(index),
        "{timestamp}": datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"),
        "{year}": datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y"),
        "{month}": datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%m"),
        "{day}": datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%d")
    }

    result = template
    for placeholder, value in replacements.items():
        result = result.replace(placeholder, value)

    # 处理可能存在的多余空格或非法字符
    result = re.sub(r'[<>:"/\\|?*\x00-\x1F]', '_', result)  # 过滤非法字符
    return result.strip()

def preview_renames(files: List[Path], template: str) -> None:
    """预览重命名结果"""
    print("\n📋 预览即将重命名的文件（共 {} 个）:".format(len(files)))
    print("-" * 60)
    
    for i, file_path in enumerate(files, start=1):
        name = file_path.stem
        ext = file_path.suffix
        new_name = expand_template(template, name, ext, i)
        new_path = file_path.parent / new_name
        
        print(f"{i:2d}. {file_path.name} → {new_name}")
    
    print("-" * 60)

def safe_rename_file(old_path: Path, new_path: Path, backup_dir: Path) -> bool:
    """安全重命名：先备份再移动"""
    try:
        # 1. 创建备份目录
        if not backup_dir.exists():
            backup_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        # 2. 备份原始文件（避免覆盖）
        backup_path = backup_dir / f"{old_path.name}.backup"
        if backup_path.exists():
            # 如果已有备份，跳过或覆盖（这里选择覆盖）
            backup_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
        shutil.copy2(old_path, backup_path)

        # 3. 执行重命名
        old_path.rename(new_path)
        
        print(f"✅ 成功重命名: {old_path.name} → {new_path.name}")
        return True

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"❌ 重命名失败: {old_path.name} - 错误: {e}")
        return False

def main():
    """主函数入口"""
    config = get_user_input()
    if not config:
        return

    directory = Path(config["directory"])
    pattern = config["pattern"]
    template = config["replacement"]
    preview_only = config["preview_only"]

    # 获取文件列表
    try:
        files = match_files(directory, pattern)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"❌ 错误: {e}")
        return

    if not files:
        print("📭 没有匹配到任何文件。")
        return

    # 显示预览
    if preview_only:
        preview_renames(files, template)
        print("👀 已完成预览，未执行重命名。")
        return

    # 创建备份目录
    backup_dir = directory / ".rename_backup"
    print(f"📁 备份目录: {backup_dir}")

    # 开始重命名
    success_count = 0
    failed_count = 0

    for i, file_path in enumerate(files, start=1):
        name = file_path.stem
        ext = file_path.suffix
        new_name = expand_template(template, name, ext, i)
        new_path = file_path.parent / new_name

        # 防止重名冲突
        if new_path.exists():
            print(f"⚠️ 目标文件已存在: {new_name}，跳过...")
            failed_count += 1
            continue

        if safe_rename_file(file_path, new_path, backup_dir):
            success_count += 1
        else:
            failed_count += 1

    # 总结报告
    print("\n📊 重命名完成统计:")
    print(f"✅ 成功: {success_count}")
    print(f"❌ 失败: {failed_count}")
    print(f"📂 备份路径: {backup_dir}")

files = list(dir_path.rglob(pattern))  # rglb 递归搜索

files.sort(key=lambda x: x.stat().st_mtime, reverse=True)  # 按修改时间倒序

{
  "directory": "/home/user/docs",
  "pattern": "*.pdf",
  "template": "{name}_v{index}",
  "preview": false
}

import json
with open('config.json') as f:
    config = json.load(f)

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--dir", required=True, help="目标目录")
parser.add_argument("--pattern", required=True, help="匹配模式")
parser.add_argument("--template", required=True, help="替换模板")
args = parser.parse_args()